total energy and sustainability management
BEST-IN-CLASS LED
REFLECTOR LAMPS
Laura Moorefield
Ecova
Overview
• Why LED-reflector lamps?
• Summary of IEE-funded
research to create pilot list
of the best-in-class LED
reflector lamps
• Incorporating best-in-class
LEDs into lighting program
portfolios
2
LED Reflector Lamp Considerations
• LED reflector lamps likely to succeed in market earlier than
LED general service lamps. Why?
• LEDs are inherently directional – easier to focus their light than
uniformly disperse it
• Better geometry and more surface area to disperse heat
• Recommended program direction by EPA in 2011 NGL report
• The best LED reflector lamps are preferable to CFL
reflectors (which look very cost effective on paper)
• Higher efficacies and net to gross ratios
• Better optical and dimming performance yields higher user
satisfaction
• But, lighting programs still have valid concerns that many
early LEDs may not meet customer expectations.
3
Reflector Lamps Dominate Rapidly Growing
ENERGY STAR LED Product List
Number of Qualified Products
600
500
BR – 6
R – 13
Nonstandard – 15
400
300
Candle – 18
A/Omni – 19
Globe – 27
200
MR – 61
100
PAR – 382
0
4
Project Goals
• Help programs as well as customers choose LED
reflector lamps that save energy as well as meet or
exceed performance expectations
• Avoid repeat of poor early CFL customer experience
• In addition to efficiency, evaluate lamp attributes
like:
• dimming down to low light levels (smooth, visible flicker?)
• color of the light at full brightness and when bulb is
dimmed
• intensity of the light directly under the lamp (center beam
candle power), appearance of “brightness”
• how widely or narrowly the light is focused (beam angle)
• weight of lamp
5
Narrowing Down the ENERGY STAR® List
1
2
SCREENING
ENERGY STAR
dataset
Sort by lamp shape
Confirm availability
2700-3000K CCT
Identify unique models
Sort on efficacy
TESTING
Active power
Beam angle
Beam appearance
CBCP
CCT
CRI
Dimming
Efficacy (beam)
Efficacy (overall)
Lamp appearance
SPD
System integration
Thermal
Total luminous flux
# lamp candidates
3
SCORING
Energy (15%)
Efficacy
Beam efficacy
Power factor
Economics (20%)
Simple payback
Lifetime cost of light
Photometrics (20%)
SPD variance
CRI variance
DUV (delta UV)
Light appearance (45%)
Human factors
Beam imagery
Dimming behavior
10 Bestin-Class
Lamps
6
Reflector Lamp Beam Profiles
Halogen
CFL
LED
7
<< More Preferred
Less Preferred >>
Smooth edge
Bright center
Patterns and other
irregularities
Pattern
High intensity
Low intensity
Most light in beam
Streaks
Profile
8
LED Lamps with Similar Values Look Different
81 CRI8
75 CRI14
3130K CCT
81 CRI8
74 CRI14
3120K CCT
9
Human Factors Were a Key Consideration
• Ecova is accredited by Lab Accreditation Bureau
to conduct LM-79-08, LM-20, LM-45-09, LM-5499, and LM-66-00 testing of CFL, LED, and
incandescent light sources
• Lab measurements of key performance criteria
helped differentiate best products, but human
subjects perceived key differences that are not
readily measureable with lab equipment
– Pilot project showed that lab data +
human evaluation is key to success
– Consumer Reports also uses panels of
human subjects to assess qualitative
aspects of product performance like ease
of use, versatility, build quality, etc.
10
Reflector Lamp Efficiencies Vary Widely
Reflector Lamps (≥20-⅛" Diameter)
90
80
Efficacy (lm/W)
70
60
50
E* > 20 ⅛
40
E* < 20 ⅛
DOE
Standard
(2012)
30
20
10
0
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
Light Output (lm)
11
Research Results Publically Available
IEE report: http://www.edisonfoundation.net/iee/Documents/IEE_Ecova_LED.pdf
TopTen USA website: http://www.toptenusa.org/LED-Lighting
12
Ecova LED Program Example
• LED replacement bulb program very successful
• 30 SKUs, limited only by program budget
• Current LED lamp shapes included:
•
•
•
•
A-line
Reflector lamps & recessed ceiling downlight fixtures
Vanity globes
Candelabras
• Prices of some SKUs have come down over last 18
months
• Able to decrease incentive from $10 to $7.50
• Client extremely satisfied with LED program to
date
13
Utilizing Results in Lighting Program Portfolios
• Ecova is incorporating identified best-in-class
lamps into all programs, with additional options
• Additional education/outreach focused on best-inclass
• Premium incentives for best-in-class lamps
• Benefits and Impacts
•
•
•
•
Reduces risk of customer backlash
Expedites LED innovation and cost effectiveness
Supports increased socket share of efficient lamps
Gets highest value out of incentive dollars
• Fewer returns/replacements, installed in frequentlyused sockets, improved customer relations
14
Next Steps – Moving Beyond Pilot Research
• Pilot research demonstrated good cost effectiveness of best-inclass compared to all ENERGY STAR LED reflector lamps
• ENERGY STAR LED lamp list expanding rapidly—updates
needed build separate best-in-class lists for each lamp type,
and to keep lists current
• ENERGY STAR combined CFL/LED screw based lamp
specification likely to take effect in first half of 2013
• Please join Ecova’s NGL webinar on March 29, 2012
• Next Generation Lighting, Making the Investment Count
• Thursday, March 29th at 10:00-11:00 am PST / 1:00-2:00 pm EST
• Email: webinars@ecova.com, subject line: NGL
15
Contact Info
Laura Moorefield
Senior Manager, Research & Policy
Ecova
-----------------------------------------1199 Main Ave., Suite 242
Durango, CO 81301
Phone: 970.259.6801 ext. #310
Email:
lmoorefield@ecova.com
Website: www.ecova.com
16
Backup Materials
17
LED Pilot Timeline
LED Pilot Timeline
Contract
signed w/ IEE
Lamp
consideration
cut-off date
Advisory team
develops draft
testing criteria
Lamps
screened,
samples
ordered
Nov
Testing
Dec
Draft best-inclass list
delivered to
IEE
Analysis
TopTen
website
development
Jan
IEE
presents
findings at
NARUC
Final
TopTen
LED
Beta
page live
IEE
summary
report
published
Feb
18
Scoring System Employed for Pilot Study
Scoring Categories
Weighting (Points)
Energy
15
Efficacy exceeds ENERGY STAR requirements (%)
4
Beam efficacy
8
Power factor
3
Economics
20
Simple payback
8
Lifetime cost of light
12
Photometrics (measured light performance)
20
SPD variance (spectral power distribution)
10
CRI variance (color rendering index)
6
DUV (delta UV)
4
Light appearance (qualitative light performance)
45
Human qualitative evaluation
20
Beam imagery
10
Dimming behavior
15
Highest possible score
100
19
Total Cost of Ownership at $0.10/kWh
20
Increasing Need for Category-Specific TopTen Lists
600
500
BR - Bulged Reflector
Number of Products
10
400
R - Reflector
Non-standard
A - Omnidirectional
10
300
C - Candle
G - Globe
1
MR
200
PAR 20
4
PAR 30
100
10
5
PAR 38
0
Product Mix (as of 12/2011)
Product Mix (as of 2/2012)
Note: Number of products before initial screening process
21
The Top Two PAR38 Lamps
22