. -.
THE SHOCK OF iiECOGNIT!ON
··"
lu'ID T!lE
'.'·
.. ?IIILOSO!'HIC }.!lSI VALENCE Or L!miN
loy
RAYA DUNAYEVSKAYA
f.··~.
•...
·;.·.··
:
'·
Till! SKOOII Of RIICOGNITION AND THE PHILOSOPHIC AMB!'fALEIIC~ OF LSNIN
'
.
·
t)'
RAr~
•f'<;r
,,,. -r;;;::- {~> .
{
llii!At;;VSKA'tj<'(·
..
~'}-I ,;, C•C ll)ft
I
l ( I
______ !h,~~lt~~(~ ~\ ....~•r·~~~·~-~i.ri-ci~f.~;;;.-~~.
~:~an Soo1d OtDIOo~-~~~b~ w;r-;,r~dit. ,[-L';,.l'4-f:OV-=allll>-
.
-q
t.oO;ctJoom·l:ll."cleZ.~: LCirln' the rbllOIQ!)hir.: :.;:!lund 1)11 wh1 ch he b ... ci. .•'toouJ' w.nd
bad thw&M .•• 1mpropo~,l•• eni"'•t 4, 1914 hod amuhod to •roithor>ona
I
~ht concept~
Up to
Aui"'o~ _.
.
the\ all \tndenc1et in tho
~arxiet movo~n\
hod h'lO in
.;
co=m~n.
'· i
!.
4; iil~!!liad ogrood tbe.~ tho lll&terbl conditi~n• lol.d lobo hoh
tor ~ho or~~tiou o't_: • new IOC1.al order, that the moro cidvs:noed tb(, u:\el'11:tl
-conili~1onir;)ho ·r;eUor pr•pored ~ould tho prolotariat ~.• for ·t.,akin;· o11or
· _pOwar :rrom :. .tone. ~our~oiaic, t\nd the lllr£tor the tm..ea._fartY. an·d· ~he ioore
..
.·
'. ... !
u\ure i t'o ;)i"rxlot .lndoi'ab1p, tho •urer waull ioo th& r~sd tci r6vulut1o~.
•
Tho
~~~to~1o{;.;.,.·tbo
',''.
-.
'.
;
·.··.'
real a,;d. tlic
oxplan~tion
f'or
1
~·h• .1dorilo
. To
•
,/
~oill.on ofll.liv<!(W~.
· ~: ~~· philoeoph's.u ,,dealiam, ltD'.trpo1a upolo&o:tica, cier1c:&l
o~ ••~r~nt1illl:)
.
.· Att•.r Au.autt. 4, howavdr, Marxiat rovolu1i1ollari'et
.·'
:b~d
to fo.ce
~-
o obocktn1 now· r .. Hty -- Mar >dot leadore (rtcognizod u
whole Internot1oud, Bolahov1kr inc1udod)
a~
auoh -by tho
tho hood of tho hr&tiot Jla ..
adYanc•d land, were the very onot who had ordered the workere, not to d'Mtroy
""
.
--~~~-1.4 . 9&P,it_al1_~~'- -~u~\to al_aughter oach other acroaG- n•tlonal front1era .. ~[
/
~~·~~~_"_••
1
o!
.
.
tl:o fa~h!':_l~"_d~") In tho l'aco or thio collapoo of all hh
pr;viO'Wii -fuinlleptlon• of the rehtion•hip lletween thtr
*'J.~ject1v•
~t9rh:.l
and the ideal,
and o•j,ctt.ve, the ~nliv~{l.~-1 a.n.i the piJr·t.tcuhr, Unr\.n waa fnroad
to .. arch fQr • now phil>•oph;r. \ !frtl•&•l
hovo hod to invent ija&olton
dl~~e~tj~
~
novor exl.ttod, !Antn would
to rooon•tl\uto hi• own raooon.
12547
J!
II
... ·
-2-
It WEnn't that Lenin ~;ttp:!ri'!'nco~ : eingl" inat'lm. 1o luuit!"tion ·
a~out hi• own revolutlor:!H·y o;::p::>cition t~ t!1e lr:.:peril-lliat. w~r.
On th!'.
~nequiv·acsl of alof.e._n•J¢t\tn~ def'eAt or on~ 1 o O"rtn c~untry iii ti:l:! i~o:ou1r
&Vil. "'fjrn the i!.l1;~ri9li~t ~•~r int.J civil h'!lr. In u ·,yooJ•d, !naofar !1&
),
.Lenin W!l& conce-rned, wh·lt ·,.;sa needed waa not tho picklng of' ths ~l.,cea
o't whut once wa••
What h11d
b~come
imperative .wYo the tot'!!
.tho Socorid, the creation of a Third Intern.tlono!;J
sep:1rst~on ~~~.J;:-··-- .. -..
\7 •h<ttorin~C~~Jr;)
expel'io.1ce did not .l'Ut i.ntc quo•tlon hio rlohhoviY. Jflltico ond orgonlzotion.
il'h9t had be:m P'.J.t ~into g;•Jectlon
\1!11:1
the
"Z
•
mattorie.liam 'lh3t ~a eked
I
I
the principle of the Htransror!l!~tion in\o oppo/ ::t,rt \11 the dbhctic pro;:;er.ll
Thia ia wh9t Lenin w~c to •ingl~ out in ihe Heg~ll9n l~isl,ctic.
AI
t.h~
•f
holoca•at enveloped
/
lf1~
.. · oi'ld. ~md rather
.
0!1f:.>Mnt.n CJf the
war a-=re running. saot.tt idtho:.tt reorzeniz ng tfleir :::¥n thiQking, Lenb., the:
!
mo.'!!ent he re~~hed 3ern in Se~t~a:ber, 1')/4, rep9.lre::l \tliru.et~H' i,;:, tb~ li'or!lrv
to greppla
~lith
.
th9 worka ;;f Hegel,
I
.
,.tecirllly his ~~ ~. ~· F.:~r
~n .Jncompro!llising revoluti.:~u~ry like Lenin to D?enci hie C:,ytl when 1.h~
wholo •r;orld, includin~ th~ 1.'!1rx:lat <t~ove~c~nt, ·.o~o;.e fJint t~ pi-!C·H, in f.h>!
-------- -----'-(1)
The ;hr•He ~?P~!Hiil in L~nin 1 11 Let.t."la· to Kollo1t.ata "y:.•J e:nph'l.dZ!J :.h~t
twe ttut~t p•Jt 1"or1·t~:-d ·1 ciug!Jn th~_l !!E~l<! ~r.Hz. .:!!!.•;
I ~Jill ·~ell you fl·ankly
th3t the thine; I f'~'lr ~o•t ·Jt th: FT!~enl tiCJ" 1-. lndbtri:;;in'ito ur,lt.y l•'h!.ch,
I su:; ccn•Jinc.~d, i• ~J:~\ d"n;.:~ru;.u ~nd h1rm!\1l tJ tho r•rJlehri:tt."
(:l:.tvt.~·tj
in ~Iem;;,ri:u. of L~nin, 1/.:Jl 11, P• lr5'J, by 11. K. l:r'..lpth.·.>'/8.•)
12548
-3But, Jay ln !olr.d cb.y
~f
1
Hegtrl • Logic 'uce.me th!.
tht~t
o<..~.t,
'
for..:. wholtJ l.sar(.2) Luni:1 lrcr..tLJ not
philo~ophic :. . o'J.~Hlc.t.lo:l
·!'vl'
J:n;.eri~
l.tJnin·h':llil to do'Jor tb-J !'CISt cif' JliJ4. lifo, fro:n
,!Ei R(.volution on lhe e7o of H~vemO~r, 1917, thruagh
Revolution, to hi• E!!l•
Lenin l..urned to He&e:l weril:r
·~l)l :s!lri.J,IJ~
t!i.l!
\lritin;::s
~~
P-nd
work iJf H.u
;~.ct~~~l
~n.c:..~:gh, f'ore~er recindinz hlmsal!' th~t.
ha wa.a reading him "materin.listic!:llllr,rt and,
...{1-V...::1..11
r.:·Ef::ltte!I'Lali.a.t, W£l3 ltCOi:'l-
•ignin,s(Go1 and .~he philo•ophi~ raJ=Ule t~at def,nds Ciod to th9 rubbiuh
·heap,.:
(:.
-·
A1o th., aame ·Hf!le, howe-.re:r, i1e i• hit
t,hat the P.ogelian
1.-a·. ~.f"~'t,
Pr~ceded
ia i.'be cor-3
.:~f
11 that
id6a c!' univer.:Ja]
diac:lo~ed b~:r."'ore
It w:u proclaimed ln
to n;au (1859 ) ..•
3hock oi'
,,r9co~ition
thio r.:o.,;F.-otent sn_d
~elf'-
•HUgeli;,;.niru:::, 1 of' abctr'ic1. and ebatnae (dit':'.'icUlt,
"a~iurdf) I~e-golie.ni:~:n?~ •••• The
(181;. Loiic).wau
~~~
cii~1ectic· WS'i revolut.io,n~:~.ry,·tne.t Hegel'" ciial:~ct.ic, ·
tl.ar~ ~ s 11applic~tion" in ·the Comnuni st 11oanif'ecto" "Who
_.,, WOuld Ccli"'ve,n Lenin exchlicaaC to h!:t"dlf,
mov·~·~·'ent
~Q·the
r~ferftnce
to
mo•tetr.en~ ~m::j
ita DQiJli.::s.t!on.to li:'t. and
ao~.:i,~j (1847)• ~::~..rli'Jr
change
::~odety.
thtJ.r. in r.:btl_,ll
(5)
(2) Ac'tuall:t L~nin open~... t:'lo YC':.&!"o.--191·~-191-5--in tt.e Lii.Jrer:.r• 9ut h"J c.:omplete:i
t.h-3 Ho~~l atuciie~ in 1715 ~nd began the [!:ltl,~rin;. •l~ I:litur!J!1 fc.t :..•ri't.tng
Iruporiali.i11lo
The r9fer(lnce is to Th: Co:n:!l'..Wi:st f.:'::lnl:'~.wto,
•
,._,.. 7h5 !'af'er~:'lCfl is to :'h~ Oriii~ o'i' ~;:-(5) 1 l!&.pp,n6d to hev~ U~en the firat to tr:J.n:.~l.et~ L'J:-ti.1 1 1 AiJo~tn:c:t. I ;'i)Jl b·~
udni:, m:1in1y, my OW!': ~rUn31}!:ltion,
(.'lpp~ndi:-; !3 1 ~-!,! ~ f'rc.,dol'!l, 1)5~ odit1on
1
he)rein~.:'tcr J·u!'~rre3 to a~ !~F.) For t}:~ C.J•1'1~~11'1,10:.e ot' the l'~!:I.JerG, ho..,cv~u·
I Hill ~Lto cit3 th., p9.fi:'ldffir, i!". ti:e !.:.,.;.,;otJ 'lr!:"l~.bti)C".--(V, !. V•r.ir..
Goll~('trd ~. Vvl. ;8.) ~·:·3, ;;. ~ . . 1; ~· :..~, p. 141.
1
12549
.. ,.
Je.ill.,
,.
11
'
Marx·•·--.'1!.~•
on the on• h•.nd, and, on th• ot.htr hand, hit stru.ga:le·
with '""liar ma:tor,.al1am.•
Thuo, ev~i> u
ho h
ar£Uinf: with Hoael and do·
c1p.at1a.c ~tbt' · eeotioA 11 Be:~1Y4&:-for-~lt" in th• ()Qctr1n• ot' Be ius, a a
h• tol1ove 1~ up 'ilfith•
re&i 1• .l!rot'Gu.:d.
or ldln
i~
1 1'h•
NB•
Vt'ty 1mpcrtu.n1. f'or hiatory.
__ - .·l<j.·,.· :.'·-
ouch truth in thi .. · Againot wl&•r
tia~~rocbwencl.1oho 1 (4)
not u•condUlond, no'-·
·__ -·.
But alae in tha poraondl lile
IJ!'he dlftert~nee of the idenl from the utertel l:s alao
.•·.
.:. \
vatttr•, I .
idt~ or the tro.ne!'or_mation of the 11lt.al into "'c.ile
!.'a ovidont that tiloro h
me:t\Jr11ll1tm~"
It dark
~-
-,-,1--
.•
It 'i~\thio · dhcoV.ry or tHe"relot'ion•hip llot.... on tho idoal and tho
met,or1a1,'1Ji·;l\'ci~l·, l<hloh had hd Lonin,to aoe thot th• ~evoluU<>:>a:ry
op1'r11;;
ln·;~~··,j~~lootl.o w~•
· Hoplo., >Lt.;fn:coll~·inu••
not
auporimp~oed
~o &rapplo
upo,u Hegel \y l!arx,
all tho harder with l!o&•l'•
'
'
oah&oriolo llhon ho waa sUll in tho J)Octrino of Boini,
he
~ut
wo• in
a~otnot
already otrouod.
\otb tho idoct.ity or,' .,.,d tran•formaUon into, oppooiteot(•D i a l o o t. 1
h
;,;J
tho ~ootr11_1o of tho idor.Uty ~!. oppooitea-'-how they ••.~ ~• and how.. they
~ecome--undar whioh con:Sition• they ~ecome identical: tr'n~forminc: one into
the-- other •• ,I (5)
atr•••
.
q;'r~);
.·
~.we got to tb~ J)a.ctrin.t of' Eaaonce, ..:44il'-'lt.--.a'tf'l tho
"'
~
.
'
w--~-E~;~;i~~!~~}l\ rirlt·--~-d- r~-;~-~~t ~~ A• _he continue~
-
hi•
commentR on Tho Le:w of Contradiction, hi• utro•• 1• n'ot. on the identity of
oppoeitea a• on t..b• tranaltion from one to tho other,1 and the eho.rpanin' of
the cont.radil)tion, on the one band, and, on the othe': bail:!, •u~h comprehondve
knowladao ot t.otelitr that even esu•ality, that llu&ll•ar of' llueo-cmpiricilifm,•
~eco:a.ea
Jut a •mot44tnt 11 ot ths whole a
J"
•osu•• and eff•ct, er&c, only h'HY · or overy kind of
inhrd.epend•n••, conn•ci.ion (of tho unl.vsr•lill ), tht
·ooncaten~tlon of evonta ace only link• in the chain
of the developmtint or, rutter.•
•tm All-l.lldedn••• and
all-elc~racin& ch11racter of
(g~sultorily and
ccnnection are onl7 ont-aidedly,
plAt•ly •xpraalld ly cauu.l1ty...
world
1ncom-
)
"Thla aontonco io in Eniliah in Lenin 1 o terl.
.._- ..- .
(6 )ll!oF, P•~}51 J2! ~. pol59o
1(~;;~U
now pogo
It WSI in thi• rinal
5
·~·tioa on Eoaonco tha~ l~oin oroko with tho
oataaary ot ·c11u.ea11ty to explMln the .rehtlcnahtp nf mind and
la~•• ~nd 1 easenc~~
•tron •coaomto
tnst~er liven .~;a·
~aen contr~tt8d
had ccnatuntll
to •oppearanco 1
~\al1tl r,t a pro~lem hlld lte6n exhauet•d. ~bat ~IIC!UtO
tor Len1:n n~.lf' 'faR ~h, Heaolia.n concept or "motl!~tnta 1 1 1
ea it t.her•lt)r tho
''
ealient
.•tbs- ••&ecce i• that ltoth the world of app.ta%"anc:a r.nd the
::;Hor1c1' whl'!'h 1• ln itaelf ·are ••ientially moMllta ot the
~-.'~~ltl'edg• ~f natur• c•X" ._mrtn, •t=p•, ohang~ ~n (o~ d«epen.•1Di.
ot') k40wlodgo,
• 7. I
·
.
.
..
'
. Lenin oloo·kept·u? o
vao
lior~!"l~~{~t•1nat
Hog•l'•
'
. -.: . . .
- '
:
.
'
~·11•~•nt ar:~Ument w!th,h!"••1. i'. Every
•myotic ism and upty
p~dantry,
li · Z...nin,
.
1 ,:iaJ:d ~tr~11 ·on ·the 'jll'Ofund!t:)' or tho dialectio,
i.1111
.
. . . - :-·, "'·
;
-
. ·c,
tt~'.Lo.ii.n··~·~~htd The Dootrino
:>wt,b ,.b:~• .,.Own·:ph1:~~•ophic pa11t.--wh,.t
.th.
0 tho.1doB . Of'
ot tho Notion--and it 1a
~h~ro
at.
tilllfl hJ
th~
on.,.
iOOiuo,O
.By
.· .
th.,t, Jio ioroko.
Lenin waa uador•coriui wal'l that· t.h, e.lf!mtnta
ot lliAhrialio& ..wore pr.~oent !!! Fiogol I
~·_Wb_an- H•&\!'1 tt""iea•..;.aoaetimsr~ even .tre.1na himaelr •nd W-;lll"rit~t
· to. death-~to ouo•11..., the purpoaotul act! vtty or mari under tbo
'ar;toaorioo of log1a, anjring th•t thia ocHv!ty !.o tho '•.vllo,ilm,'
tliat the ou~jeot playo tho role .of' oo.,. •ort or '=•m~er' in tl~o
-~o,~Oa-! Ofigure' of ·the •,rlloglem, etc;-, !h!!! !!!!.!.!.! ru?! onlX.!
•train, -.!!21 onlt..! gt.•• · 'l'here 1• her• a very de•p c~mtent, ··purely matarhlht1o, It 11 noceuary to turn thh oround 1 Tho
pracUO'al aot1vity of' at•n, repeated ltillion• or timeo, IIJ.Iot lood
the ·aOnaoiouan&~• of ~an tu the r•p1tit1on of the variou•
lopc~l
ficurea· in Ol"dtr that \~··G can 2Ch.iev• tho dinlf"lesanCI
I!!!! ,!!2!.! .!!.!!!.•" ~ J
. Of &n &Xi.OIIle
p~ocholy
Ii io
..-
iocauoo Lenin '• Allatroct or llagel'a s'cto'!.:!
roveah a mind in .:ct.ion, arguing with itoolt
htmult'
·~o
earr~tnt
thooriea,
roturn
~o' Uogol, 'to work out•
jo~lag up oppodtes, end
latod aa '!Ia l"raodoJo
Lenin'• A••troct
&t~
well
ie called, a-
•••t
wit~
Heictl,
Lode
,lldVf.~ni'
•chr~eo, Morx'o Copil!!,
ths ~lotion which ho now t.rane..,
ideu, hhtor,v,
looping into
ooijeotivity ('arl) goal, con•ciouaneoo, otrh!ng NO,' (9) th•t
~•oomea
nn 'xcitini oxrerioncs alao for hie reodGra.
aooner dadgnatee tho firat 3_.Ction of the Notion as
tho f'ollowingr
'11
2!:
meana of :6tt!ng a
head~ehe~•
'NB He&el'• onaly•i• of tho
parta o!' the work aho-.Jld
then ho nloo $Ocentuoto•
Syl!ogi•~
,,r::,_.1 •(illllorp,~,!\1
ltl M, Pol5}, {B)~u.r, P•!iJI}Iltl ~;
1 ,.;,i)<)
Th!a IOntonce h in on,tlhh in Looin o toxt,
1
11Theoo
Thua, Lenin no
(I-P-u,
4individool
Pol)>O, (9)!!Y:,
p.~~6; ltl ~~
p 164
0
'
"·'. -....
,parttoular, ~niveroal, 1 ·~~~' otc.) 1• rominiaoont or Marx'• iml~atlon
.
(10)
ot !lo~o-.1·1n Chsphr x.•
Lenin will later dovolop tile clooo r•lationahip
~.t,.on
Marx'• Oap1hl and Hoaol'o Logic r
1 1t
!iAn did ·not :1eue o Lo&ic (with a capitol latter), ho
latt tb~ ~ci1la ot oaptbl, and thh oh<!'~l~ h upochll¥ u\11,•
.
had on ·t e &twn quut1on. In Q!oeitol,. tho loric, dhl~ouc
and t.hoorr or knododa• or m•tor1alhlll (~ ·wo~do ero not nooauar;;rr
they lll"l one and th<J oamo) aro oppUod tu ono cc1~11••• toldng all
that h .,.lu,a\ole,in Hopl ~nd mning it for~nrd.•I"J.
a.&t tth11• h~· .1• ... 111 in ac.o"loion on•
ot
•rhe~ Doctrine of tht Notion, 11 !Mn1n .ferel•
th• noe~·t.o ••~•rate himaelr, f1ra'to, from Plvkhano,., end wddtmly even tr\Je
hi•••lf.
Thr••
apbo~iom•
quickly follow ono
~rtor
ths othorr
• (1) i'l•khanov crtUcla.. Xont!oniom (and aaaooUciam in 'onorol)
,...,.. frril!l·.tha wl&ar mahrialhUc than tho dlala.cUc mat.uid·
1c'\1o--- _p01Q\ of.. view ••••
(2) Airtbo ll<tpnnins; of the 20th contury MILrxl.lt'o critir.iood
~b•· bnUoao a.o.d' Blmhto more in a P'ouerloachhn (and Buchnarh.n ),
· ti>Ari:f~arllioaoll"n mannor.•
•n··i· i~hui!tle t\111¥ to rraop llan 1 o~p1tal, ardupo?i•ll:v
ito tint obApt;ar, 1f. you have not otudiod thPou&~~ and liuderotood''tho vhollo of Ho~l'o LOI:io. Oonovquontlr, nona of t.bo ·
MOrxioto fo~o paot i conturr hav• ~nd~rotood Morxll~(l2)
o
Tho opigona who deny that Lenin had hi111•olr
!o1 min&
011ot an..,er
vilat .Lonin did """" loy tho addtional re..,rk slongoide the f1rat two ·aphorhmo,
100DCII'n1ng the queai.ion of tht croitioiuJ or ll!Odern Xa!'1t1anJ.•m, Maehia"!,. •tafn,
·whole work !21or• than hla own Mo.t.er1al1•::D
!m!
ionp1.r1o-crJ.t1clam centered zo
(lO)I!W', P• ;,91 12!• OM, P• 118. Chapter I ret'oro, or ooura~ to <Japih~.
..
It 1o t~> wary ahoptu tbo.t StoUn, in 194,, vhon h• doci~ed to ~ro&lt
~ith ~rx 1 o Analyoh of th~ Low of Value ao charactorht1c. of copitalh"
and onl¥ capital1o~, ord•~•d 50v1ot thooreUoiuno not to r.ollov. (Sn tho
tranolatlon from l'-2!· Zlwoenom llorxhga anJ 1111 oom•nhry on H &\1~ tho
do~a\oo around it In ths American ::oonomtc Roviow, Sopt. 1944 to 3<Jpt. 1945.)
Ever Mince it hea remsiced a IU~jact of controver$y wb3"evar the qJ•at1on
of alieoati~n and tho fot1oh!om of co=mod1t1oo ~ooomoo th• ou~joot of
dleC~.&IIaioa.
(11 )IW', P• ,,~I Vol. !<!, P• }49.
(12)11U', P• }401 Vol.~. P• 180.
;;
-7en '~M::t.chisa:#?
Tho re:tl ,!J~int i ' not, ·•of ~.J'.lr~e 9 ··th~ n:cr:! qucsti..:n of n·J.dng
r'l1n:..s•, mu~h l~a• .-...·h4thal' ~n_, :.t.phori.:~rr.:a con:tain ex~g~r.::~tion:~.
Thu,,
.r..an~
hs.d
written more profoundly th~.n .Le:nin on 1-!::tr.t.'• £3t~itril, ~ut"-::ci!dly on V.Jl!J:Ue II.
ttnd Lenin ce-rt.9inl:; ::lid not rt"gn th!:l.t ::~11 .who ·..;l•hed ~o •tud:r ~~ :r..ut, f'1r•t,
lsbor tr.rou~h the t\::> volu:ft3 of the Sc:-ience o!' ~·
ft'b~t ·;a"' cruti!ll to him
now, whtJt. he sow loo:r:ing b:!for~ him wa;;; a great philo~vphic d'!lt..·~t.e, -'Udd~nl·{
di:ec ..,.sd, not to I:iUCh 9gainat Hegel as ag'!in2t Pl::~kh~nov nnd even .riendng o..
·rh~~t pr;:,;:,f ia in thet f!!C""
contradiction within himaelf, hi¥ philo•ophi<.. peat.
tbl!tt he,. VB.• ·now r.iot fully a:~tlaf'ied ev~m with hi• eac~y,
-··
·:'_::ha~ -JUia~ ..co~plet~d
for
th~
J:.r,cyc1opedl!-t
~·
!!.d..lP.!:.!.t
t!.9t h•
In C!ill~ng ·~::~ttentiofl'to tl:.:t f5Ct'that Leriin 1 a e,n9.~1 h3d begun wlth
. u · discuaaiOn qf phil'oaophic tz:at.erialiam and dl~:!ectica, Krupak:Jya cocment~d
t'~~~~
11 \hh w:u not
cf3l't:sinly waa true.
~he u~u!il w~y
or' present{ng l·:3rx 1a
W'h9t Y.ri.IPIJkaya does r.ot mention
te9.Ciling~>-(l3)
W91
That
that t.hili dap!!.rturos
fron~; previllUII e.naly~ia had, by th~ tin:~ L:~min finhhed tl:., wh.:-l!e ~of th:J _!..o;dc,
not boen concrete enough to .atts!'y hio. :1e;.~ compr!.:henlions of th~ di~l1ctic.
Thd IUiitay~wu:r ~.,.rit.ton d1.1.ring the- July-Hovember, 1:?14.
t.enin hsd bt:et..m •tudying
the t.ov,ic ir. Septamber !l.Od CO:!!pl.eted i!· on i)cace:no'!!r 17, 1914•
Thill !l~d tha
dB.to on \1hich htt wrote !::1 new lc.'ltter to Gr~n9t -- JamA·Jry 14, 1915 -·- holp;. -~•
':i.,L~·\t.,•.~JU ,I, ~;~~.· :'
·~point lih,-n LenJn thought th'l gr~et rev.)lutlor. in hi• phih,aophlc c.Jncer.-tions
occUrr=d.
In !:tny cua~, with chllracterl3tic r.reciaion, thi:~ i• Wh'\t Lenin
wrotrt Gr!inat •
11
8y the wuy, rlill t.h~re not at,ill lit! ti:11~ f:)r c~rt.3in corr~ct.ion:J
in t.hft •~cti..Jn on di:llectlca? •• , I ha·/~ Ueen at~.Hiyin:; thia
queation of dbhctice f'or th·) hs'l. month 1nd ~ h~lf' ~nd I
think I :culd Add !o~ethin~ to it if th~ro w~' time ••• "
li.:·ur.l ·
\~-The pr.1c.·'•11 of' f{ne bre'Jk ;,·:!.th Jhi co!:c.,pt.e :!.a r.o\1h~r~ clt!~Jr'jr U.11n
in hia CO!:!Illl'ln'..'lry ;Jp:Jr. th!! r~hti·:>nshlp bet.\;r~r. ti:,;;~r:• 'lnJ ;r.:c·tic~. -~----'-j
.12553
--· ....
.
_
....
-~·····~··--·
~.,_..
.
v
--8Thua, avon ;.;hsn Lenin ~apeak• a.lout practice, he lltr~:u!li)a th:1t ·Hog~l
..!/,1,,(_.-
1• hore te._lkin~ !.'ocu:t practice "in the theory of co,r:nitl.:~n.,.
. :@1 to
L-:.uin hima$}f
t.ho
o~j'ICt.iv~
· Y.Atftria.li•:ll
•Ali.11a
D'.l+.·crcat~•
\'ior.ld,
.
!!!f!
110ar &
t
it.K(l
Err:piria-Qrit-L(.iaml
ut~n
4
,. .
)
And .y:Jt i'.. is not t.~C'lL.;Ii" I.onln l:ad fors:ot
hi• mS.torialiat roota, auch l"ou his revolutionury ~it!WS on~ conjj;cio!..u-
'J
n•·•·~
.
ao.~r-d:JI!
)
-11-
.-.eiina~-r;.ve-11
a. totally n:w appre.:::i_ation of
--.;
-·.ohi10··~phY £!. .E£11i_tica, economic~ o'r orgsnization_.
And Deing, a~ th: o81.!le· _time, a
,,-,. :man of\ t_!'to, c;·O~~re_te, U.nin, •trs~a;n_toa~" Hegsl 1 c phr'lee ai:lout the ...noti-a~.tuality
:tho
...
~IJ~id•.:. ~•-: foi_loWI! 1 ·
liThe ·>uorld doe a not
a~tief:r
·or.
man and !ll·J.n .1or.iGea· t_o chc1nge it.
o)' hh. activity.•
,•.
In a. word, "it lan\t that, LG~in h~s g;on!! irito abatractillns in gaining
a. .;~~w 'appz'~oiO.tion~ of !.Qea.lle-n.
It l~t that. in (P.i.nin:r thi"' appr!lci3.tion,
ths. AUJolut_e Id~tt.. i-.o:J;an to !o~•e th., !lttrib~tt"J of -'!ll thln;iM ~5yil.
Nat_ural}y thi:s i• not d•H! to a!"ly t:t·.3.nsfor.:::ttion of Lenin f'ro~ t·o'Jvolut.:i.on~ry
mat~rl~liat t.o"f1~1Jl.i.r£:C::Oill iU!711liat, 11 i"l.:lr to any accept.,tncr: iJy
hiul
·[.
1
"~· !;j;;~l 3
m"·.,e,ment ol' "pure tho.lght•' not. onl~r 11 reflecta 11 reo:..llt:,.•, but ·-ti~tl.t t:-.a dialectic
in thf;l one rJ.nd tt:o other
1~ ~
r-rocfla•, ,!nJ
treata "•in:pl~ 11 !!:'ld ":~.o:s.:~lutll."
tom-.:, l!'! nJt
th~ :.!l.!~:il'J1,c
th~ o\'l~Olut.u
!./!~ir. co:!l!l:.:l:1l•:
e:;:.Jiv . . . l~nt t-J th.o;
:"''Jr'e;.
id 11 li1a~lut~
11 'i'he dl:'rec?nC•' 1s ;~ot claH'
~~:>ncr~~.e'! 11 (l7)
(1") .
n~lat_:\.vity. 11 ~·
L!:!nin now
-----·---
.-
even ana.or-;d ly the A~•olute Idea Hgoing to natura .. •
H~_a•l th•re•y d•·t.ratohe• a hand ~o '~'t.eri'sliem.•
1n11t•a.d, he say• that
H• writ.aa •h.tedll•t
'•
1 It 1e ·not.ttf~r~.n:r that the )(hole ebrq:.tor 0:1 th•
'Atleol-.&t'" Idea.• •oarcely oay• a word aba1.1t Jod (hardly
ovar'ba• 11. ldivln•• •tt_otS.on·r "alipp11ci out •.c.c.idcotly)
and a:OI.n. frora ''hat-tliic NB-1-t. conta\na ·alco•t tl.:athing
th~t i~;_._,e.'ptcif'ically rciUUcm, •ut ·hae for i.1..1!1 u1n ••.uaject
ih• dla.:lilotto.al method. •••And one thlni mc:-rs 1 ·in thi•
M0•1r i-Ga&'l':L"a't!v o£.' .fieze.l 'e Wor:u t~ero 1• tho lta:•-t~_-ldeallt~
and tL-c.~'llo•t _ma'teriall•c:• •con:tradictory, ' klumact l' \16 J
. ~iJ~ ·f~lt .none
.
·,.
CJf t-he
: .
eXct·te~nt ~hat
·
complet~il:'tH• :tinal .~roo.k
: ·:."· '.,:_';.;:,~~: ;:_._.
h~d: Oxpe_rienc•d
Ph\\osophlj.
Logic who11 h,~.· turnod.to HogoHo ..!!!.!!m of
ho
he
-.,h,.,.
·'
}~'t ·it
h
in t}le
thoro tl>st
wtth .Plol<hsnoy1
•" •,
:" ·1 _:.-;'
011B':,;'florJC;;oi,Jt,l ,Plol<hanov. wroto p~o~oily noarly<l·,opl)·:pagoo
(ilil~~~'f'((i1¢~•t Boidano~
aa;ainlt' Kantbno . · ~it.~ a: :jil.. tiono,
·
.... • ,_ .· . , ·
nil aoou·L th~' Lurso;:o· Losio, ·ito·:;t~oughto
oropor, •• a phtl?oorhic oct~~:lnuH"(19)
ot,o,~.i'.r~.t~: 0,!\.;p!;>Uo•.ophy (d~>lectl.c )•
'l'htril(•~ll\';tu"thom
(loio~:i?!J.i:~,teo~io
i·,;~~~~ o~l)' that,
11hon he
f:Ote
.to
C\lDI
llp 1,; •·
·'~~~
or11anizo.d fol'lll
what tlie. ·..·..di.afoo.tfc
_.,_ moan• noY that he h•• gone throu~h tho·.major ~ork•• of
·Hegel ,-fb~:.e~~
bgol•
. '. ·, '~\- ': ' oritici:f'l•
.
1
'
'
•tb~·opli~ting of a •1a&l• who!o and the oogn!.t>on af·it•
...
contradictory parte ...ia thee a a • n c .... of -'d11lloct1cw
•••tl\1• ·aepoct of dialectic• · (• .g., ~n Pl•khanOv) u·aually -re ...
c•h•~. lnadelj\1. ato attention • tho id~l!tlty o1' oppooltoo h~ ttk•n
aa tho sura 't!">t•l of • x a m P 1 e • ·IJtO,. example, a ne~d~~· 'for
aX11~plO, }Jr1uit1ve~ comuuniam:.•> The uma .1• tr~loq_1'_ Engel•. aut
it 11 :Vtn the inters•t• o!'"itOPularialll:.ionl ... • \ 1·
So ~"eat 1•· leoin 111 epprsc1at1on
erencea to
~oler1cal
or
o\Jecu.rant..i•m,• a :t•t.•r1le
'"'
d1alect1cil that even hi• ret~.
tl:;:~)l;or,•
io expartded to melln
•a attt.t"llu flower that growe on tha living treo ot' living, fertile,, gew;.ine,
pow•ufo..:l, omn!pot.6ut, oDjectl ve 1 ubaolute hu:uan knowlodg.c .•
(16)VU1.
OM.
P• 254.
(l9)Kiol', P• ~541 .!!!!• ~. P• 277•
(20 )!'ol. -;8, P• 359, P• ;6~.
•
We do not hav• Lenin'" Note a on ltei•l'• Pbenoraenglogy .?£ ~ru!,, but the l!E!!.t!=
llocka !!!: Il'lp•rit.liltn •how that he had read it tthile he w&o prepuing the
fomphlet on l!£!r1allom. (The Notooooko oro a m•••tvc 739
aa •&ainot
tho ahor\ pcmphlet that woo actually ?U~liohcd,)
p•s••
12555
'"·--···............. .
nov page 10
12556
A• •&ainot tho oommonto ~y Lonin alonso1do work• ~y othoro, mainly
Hegol, thw_ laot quotation wu from tho O!lly arliolo ~y Lon1una~o11'!o<>lly 'Oil
rqouJh lik~wl•• nQt pr.-pared for p.&ltlicatio!l, thia, at l"ae\, hal
Dlalec\laa.•
·"t;ee~ tT.•.•t.•.d·'iu.· ·mere • joitiJ,gc~" It 1• t11e laat word we haro tron ~nln'a
-a:a.ilver
a\r1oUy 1')>1looophh cc..,.ctory. of the cNohl 1914-1915 period, _ !ltir.>e IA>n1n ho~
·-
~ propartd hii Philoeophlc l!ot•liooke tor 1>1l>l1cot1on und tt,ey thnfo,•o remained
1
;,,
pr1v~t.e;~ ~~.nae
I.en.tn
ao•~:ed·
d:aply t:1 ha'!'•
.oont1J1!~ed
with
~1•
rtudte~_. ·
econoJtllo
~11't;1c•l t~••••l or&atJlzat.lom!l works and linoe th• ta.ctJ.orJal pol•mlc'w oont1nu.ed
'
. I
'
.
•
'
. una~at.edly,,. 'Lenin'•· he!re were not p~11par11d for the lmpere:t! n- ot' tillcing
Iliac, to-t.a_ll.y .·aontradlc~ory d®lth vio~lcn r
OIJ
mOr;t
G.
the ~n• hend, ti19 Jcncwn vul&arly ""''"''1a!o,
iati,.· Ml:~·~.•l18.az .a~d ·~pt!'1o.:.Orit1c!•m, and 1 oli the oth.tr h'l;nd, e~dl,a• ret'erenc88
.. '.·; :· .. •.·.;:;~.~ ' ·.
. :
::-:
to d1aloio,Uo~-4ho dialoc\i~i> -of hiotory, ~he dialoctio of revolutio!l, tho diale.otio
.
•
..
•
·':
'
•
_;...,,
Melf~•'dohr.;ih~n~n covering .~otb.
_dtaloc~i'c~~ei.O..~S:or.alilp of theory to
:: '~~" ·<.·>'(i:.·: {·'~·>~ ... . '
'.•
.f!t
•
•
·.:
~'
'·.:' , ;
·.•
'
~
•
'
0 4 • . . ;. . . .
·.-~
•
the -National Q,taotion and ·world' rovc,lution; the.
'
•
practice
•'
an~'
vl.oo
'
•
'
voro"~ ~nd
r
even
•
~l!o d1••l•tci.:l;o.:o:~,:
Bolaht~l_k
· ~•adtir~h(p to theory,- ~o the eelt-&ct1 vity of t.tae auaesea a a ~'lall
.·
•; ·.
.
.
t.s ·to
1tiolt,_, · I.O~i:n•.a adhra_nts aa .,.11 "" poUUcol apponont• kn•w notht-ne;, •rid __cared
laio,
aitoui.-•·any·:• ~roit
,.
. phllcoojlhic d1 vida
'
••t
up
~)' H•&el '• A~aoluto llotbod~h. ','
diw.loct~o ot dovolopmont or "tho J>1r• movo,..nt of tho~ght•!!!! of.ruUty !:AU ling
1h ny, th••ough contudl.ctlono, to oo total o _unity of o~joot and aubjoot, th ..t
tho.acf.hiot, the revolutionary metorinliot Lonln oould copy o-~t tho pbil~•oph1col
1
1dea11•t f:egel • concept. at 1 subjeotivefl and h.,y epeciel atrena on. the hat ••nteo.co1
1
1ilaoh- uew otago or axt-erior1zotion (that- h, of fLlrthor doterm1natio1t) h ulao
an intoriori.zatton, and treater oxten•ion 1 t al•o. hi&hsr :ln.ten•i't·¥• 1.1 hW
ri'd..,.s-r coneoquontly h ulto \h• moot concreto ond •ulljoativo ... •-121)
How could anyone conceive that. the· "phtloaophie noutrali;:t," who, tor a
long period. acc:•ptttd aven
11
Mach1t~1.11° into Uu' 'lohheovlJu j1.ut ao long a• thoy
. .f
accepted ,.Bol•h•vik di•e:ipline, 1 would now
dialectic proper,
11
•e-
.
undef' 1the spoll of khat hot called *~the
that th1J1 1 juet ~.!.!.• wo•.Jld 'uecon:o Lt~nln'.• underlyin¥ phil03C.phyT
For hi a part., l.enin waa faced with thl!l feat that ht hetf to !'ight: apt nat not oriJ y
Detraycn·a 'lncl: J-ielnahev1k• aa well Q.a non-Bolahsv!k intet-OIJ'\.iontt.liat• lilte Ro<~a
11
tuxoml1.1rg and the DJ.tch,"• Jut oho hia o:.rn •~::~1111 Bolahevik group abroad. And he
hRd to do 110 on, of nll thinea, a •ubject thst Bohh~vika h11d prtn•iouMly a;r••od t;o
(21 )!!cienco of. Logic, Vol II, o.48'
-now """'
0 in
u-
pr1nc1~le 1 -~he oelt-dete.,.lnaUon of·naUono·. (22)
&l.d~euly,
on~,
Lenin f011nd hl,.oolf ·totally alono
dlalocUao--lcept opr1as:1ng. up • .,..,.,.,bora.
th• llhlo word--
tt wu "" lo~g•~ li:>ihJ tn 'the trono-
t'OI'I3lllt1on 1nto oppo111.•n 1n•ot"a.r· «U elt.her. trftnut'orrvl'ltion of' oomp•t.l't•.ton 1o:t.o lll0110.;.;
poly or a ··ec1.1on of
Kow
dtoloc~ico
l11~or
1nt.o tht .,.ttrlat,ocr.tcy of l!!t.or 11
vao oXtondod to revolution 1tael!.
.tod tho
w••
conll.trnad so.ncl which
•on~my'--tho
tr.ooretical
~.& w~a noM~ o1.her t.han the Sol.aherlk the¢rotielan, 3UA111i~1n. · 'ft.• atark n~w t!"Uth
,w~•- tbat -Lonin. cal.lod tb• 3<>hbn1k oppoai \ion to
ael1'-dotoradll8ti~n
~o.tione
of
.notbin,,ohort ot '1mFSrial1a~ oconomiom.• For our porpo••• tho 1~portanco or. tbio
do~ah .,;;,h ilot ir.o ""•h in ·aakharin '• tbuh •• in hie m•th>d~log, t1hich Linin ·
. ·k~pt rt!'erri·ng to all tho_. wey to'hh -~ ...tb lJod, ao "" ahali ..... l'.ean~hilc,' Lolii'l\ ••
1ro woo ..;..,,~d loy St.lkharin •• •tatnont th~t
· •-ri.o. 't.,'J>!Iri.aliot op~ob
11 an epoch' of tho
·~•orption
or" o:i!o.ll •tate a,• tbat
. •.th.O'rlitor,j• ·it vaa •1mpcal1~l• to atrilzglo ci11a1oo1. ·tho oilolutO..nt ot notlo..a,•
6·Xc~Pt·•, •ot· ,'?D'Ilr•s, 11 in 11. ttrugglc ror aociali•r.a• and ~hAt 4 -t.h ..i-st~re. ··~
do-.iat1:;,i1 .t'roill 1.hat .~Qa~, iony odvanco~~~<~nt o!\ 1 pcrt.1ol' tub of'; tbe,c 'l1~araUe>n
Of natli:lno 1 dthiD tno rolilm of oapihliot civ111zatiOIJ w:lO utootiori and
reaoUoaa.r.v•' (22}
It
.
.
wao t.ht •therefore '•' thot Lonln
...,.t
-......-
lnt•n•Ol:r oppco~d.
l!i indatod
tbot tho ho~rors oi' tho lmporlaliot· war had l~d to "tho .!2J!.Pr.. o1~ of' ltuoan.
rll)a•on1ns;l 1 how .oth!!rw1•o •xplain the aolehevik
of:
~hol.r
11 curiOUI
or.ror"t! i:t logictll
Inatoad
oooia,g that tilt vary \rancl'ormatioa into opposite oi: l'roe competitive
ca,iteli~Sn;
into mooopoly 1mper1all.llm c.nd ita at.tppreat1on ot ne.tiona:l dtl!lOt;t·eey wou!d
_produc• rDaict~cctJ that. the imp~.tlea t.,a self-Ulovomcnt. came praciaely ;Nt ot thast
c0nt:rad1c:.t.1ou•, ~eca.rr.e \he d1Y.leo:tice or revolu'tion.
To t.h1nk othetl"W11ot Lenin
1ttdli\od, wa.a i.o trots.t ae••• ea o-.,ja.:'- 1netel.!d at' eultjact o!' hiatory.
"t.hraret;)ro 1 .s" do not. eC30rgo out a1'
1.)1.•
If' tho
living coot.redict.ion 1nit.ead at t.he dead
aulta1.anc•, then IJOtialiom itt nothin.z lrut an '1ought... 11
Thu \.r..lth it
th~1.
(22)1 will le quotins; 3canldn and 1"'1.sher, I!l!. UohhO"'Vi'k'aand 'the~ tJa.J:,,
_
thoo .. (••• eop•o1olly pp. 219..::!2')• But tho lotut and
itoo••a• it wo.o llU~h•r1n 1 o
of
th~
finoat
~took•
on the ltattle against
nc~10n«l
chauvinism tor thm
~tr104
sfter
tha aolahev1Jt• gatnud puwor 1• to 'oo roune t.n !).Oahe Lswln'a ~ ..!=!..!!. §.!.r..azgl0J
and thu most comprehon•ive on 1.he NationAl ~eetion ltoth ~eeort aod ~rt•r ~olehtvlem
triumphed ie Th~ Form•t1G~ or ~ho Soviet Unlont Oom~oiam and ~aticnali•~, \y
iU,c:h~rd I'ipet-.-Sea al•o myDh'BPt'•roii'StilinTnMi'i=if;;-ond l"rfledonh
·
1255'i'
-12-
r~vv1'..1t l:ln'i.!'7
not only th•t: prolet!lri'lt, but nflw
_.•r&
11
~ri-elng
"pZ..inciplo
haa besn
11
!:1
.. lv~• and
and
11
r~ut.
t:uro
!U
11
m9.~·ing
IJ
tha fight for
'reality,
91
~~~l'f'-det::iruin3tion
the !ri'ah
revolution !lr.d the
!'ore !1•--the: r.!!.t ions 1 :ninor! ti~·•-­
of nationa not only
::~ett~r Heb~llion
11o·.. ionlil
revo11.a
prov,d.
;.!er~ v~lld
'I'hero never
b:;,th !.n thtun.;.
tfie "oaccili" for t.he pr.Jletsrian l"'ev~Jlution"•
Db.lectica, -:.bat "Algebr~ o!' re?olut.ion,~ ( 24 ) h~t boen
on !Ilany grsat
:t~st~• '•'2-)
;)
:.:
:i.n phllo•ophy, bec'jtte, with
f.~orx.
:J
phJ!ouoph_y:!!
_~tj·~gZ.y _or liilor9.tlon -- tho proletari9.n
th~ Pari• Comnuncr·or 1571.
r"v.:~]ution,
r~vol\.ltlona
Lenin 1 • redi•t:ov:ry of
!l
to't.sll~·
;;f·t8QS culc:inatinc: ·in
di~hctic!l, or aolf'-
\,.
aC.tiV_ity, :J_! S-lbjdct vcroua Subat3!1c,~ 9t the y,,ry ttom~nt of r.oll!lp•s cf'
_ '., di•cto·~ci.d~ at Q.n:~ and~the '&I:la_th:e,
·'.SmCo~d_ !nt~r:aa_t~ori::J.l /• the o.'ppesrt:tricd of countcr.-T~voltJt.ion, f~on: with~.r.
·.
'·'the
~.
i.htrxi.-t movement and the new forcea uf
-wo:-10:.
new
r~volutl:m
in
th~
':'
th~
netion!i] movoment·•·.
iihat hi• ~conomic att.tdy 6f ia:peri:3lits!:: reve~l«'d ~1aa thst ii b!1d gorg~:i
·come a totglly
mn1 theor~ti::: -ieps:-ture aft!!:_ the !3olall~ivik C0!1?,.tleat or p~Jiisr,
'(24) Al::;wndar H;r;-:!n;- Se IE::ted Ph1i-;;o;F.TC;l :/orka, -i).'5~1.
(2.5) Jsrring ~3 lhl:s m'!y ao:1'!1d to til~ prof!:::J::;i.>:'ltll ;:hil:.,.:~pl:~r :Jcc~sto:reci t.c
th: diethctic f:-o!:! 1.h'3 :Sr~r.;da t!--ro·Jg!J 1\:.snt tv !-!l.!f'd in th'! r~!!l•~ of th::)'J.g!;t
elon:!, th~ trJttt ~! ~~= 3bov~ ¥tJt~=enl ~9~, in rc~ent li~ca, b~en cur~fu~!y
t.rarod thr;:>u.~h in the ;;.:~rk:s .JC ._r~~n Hyp:.clite (G':rt'!til"! ~t 31.r:.~c.ture d'! ls
Fh_o,!l~~enolovie.- E!. 1He;!!l :'i.nd ~~ic" .?...!2.~!2 ~.TH~;;;l)~;-;;;rr-~; ~heOc.tu::11
docum~nta of E~_g!!] 1l '!!lrl~t :lo·tt:lJ~:.:.er,t • .0.?!~:.£.!1!.! ~He·:~.~~.[·
• Jeo ?art III, ".::cuni)tth Re,-l!.a.:r :.H',d t!':-l ~Llectic.~ v:· LL;~r·d.icn,'' ~tt:~ru I
dev:lop t~iJ tt~;fg ror the ~friLl~ r~v~l~ti;:>~t i~ v~ · J~~.
'
1 .. -
--- --.--- --·
._ __
tl.oo·llitUIU.a taKing
dob•,to•
o~
i'lJt~
tho ;;."ion.l
i·ltJ t?-::;ir
o'A·~
~"'•tion liith
h;;Jnd$ i!J Irtbn::i .i.e
1.~16
hi. 3cl•'-.cvU. coJl""l"'"· (2 !0)
longer to •d!:il.t tb ri;'>t of eelf-dct•rminsti.cn since
~••ia
1917 aho•Jld
woa r.o""
•tat. wheroao.nation•liim meant oourfA.oio ond proletariat togot,her
an~
a •top b•ckward; · In hie adcio.ion th•t "b •o"'' caooa 11 he would be for
liot.ocl
_;:::
H
'Hotton<;~ts,
~•ljeart,;g
ths 8"•hmen and the Indiaoo. 11
enum~rati%
tr.~
:;-,!in U1d
w~rk•r_sr
11
th.orofora•
i~,
h•
To :thich Lenin excbim•d:
'
.this'
I theyugnt, ho'' 1> it that Cvmr>dz Bukhorin
·-·hed f'org:ot"t:!o P. .em!lll trii':::., the J3:all~lkirt? Thor'!' !:lro no Buthn;,en
in
nor h1va I
t!Jat the :i<Jttetr!..ot..'!'
hid. clilim ..to
an a•;totiomuu111 r:lpublic, but we li'iv~ S:uhkirs, IUl·gh!.:z. ••• ~je cilnnot;,
deny it ·tc o.· cing16 uri~ of' the (2~~r'le:J livi:1cr within the Oo~ndariaa
of ths :!'or'l:er _Ru:=u.i.an E:;::piro.H I)
.
~8eiu,
h!t~rd
)1~>VG
Bukh..!.!"in, 'f:;Jr· whom !lll the queetiona from 11uelf dater:n.t:l'ltion:or
neiiona• to
stote-<apit>lio~ ;,oro
teoorotical quo•tiona, ma;• oot """•
oaf'f''<~d
too l=t• •• i t turn•d out--L•nin >roko toiully ·,:it•, St-.Hn--uod, tf.,cnticolly. rc-
(26)riz
do not attribute
>igni!'iconco to the do•lr• to hold onto the word,
1
111
'tfrot~
hi~ r~ply
;31lkh::~rlr.,
D:)r.J~
3ol•hevirru,
L3r.in
i:1
to
11 for I kuo!Y
'old 3oloheviko I frott •hon; ~···T a~a Jro"urv• ,... T!:o 3olol:cvlk• ~ ~
i\'orld W'~r, Dy 0. Gaukln <~nd H: fibh;r, p. 2 '5·
-(27)Leoin,SOlected :;ork•, Vol. VIII, p. :112. Tho i<ilole ot Part IV, "rho P&>·ty
frogrsa;, (191t'·-l:?")ll"i'"; vor:; v~)u:.Ii.:lf! f':Jr 4:.h: tihor~tlc !)V.int• in Ci~p·.Jt,~
::.nd ha.v~ thr.t ~ciY·J:rt;l[e of Gein~ <·!.t=~ T.Jr'3 in !l tht!or,ltic:l.l l'ro;.a:: t~.un l.h'J
f~ctioaal Uit~ uf th., Tr~Jdo Uni.;~n Di111,t::.r~~ u;;lc.;!: cun ue fourJd ir! 1/ol I>\.
---·"···~·~----
.-..
-14A~atl"B.c'\· r .. v.,lu1.i~:dam waa the_.~ethodoloa1c.al_ enemy.
at.lld'lal'in'•
tboory ot · oiia~e-tJ,IIUe.u..,, tbo ol!vor.. oid• ot hio th•ory ot oeonollli< dnolc;.·..·
·--.At ".G.de.r
worke'rw• at.ate, .13 that of a ccnt.inu.q'U• davolop7US:l4;
11.
"-
t:.. rsl&:hil
1
lirlt le&ldtna
rr"J41
,.,,~or&-1t:1ztd 1 competitive .:~pit11l1n1 to 11-org:anizad" atat'-
r8p1tal1am,._
~a
wor-ld
aoal~t
laws of thtt; W(jrld mafoket,•
it re111al'na 1a.n•Z.ch1c, 1 sutject to the •tllnd
ant~goni•'Ut~ elaue••'
r\na.rchzi ie IS.IIapplsmc.nted lly
Only, tbt proletDrilit., by ••lzing ;:ol itlccl_ pow=r, or.:n extdr.::l 'l"r.i~nJ.zed pro-
duc.:'\ic.rt~
tg; thtf whole _world,
Uon doe a
1i~, ·however,
The tact thnt B•.tkiu~rln ~alltvev: in r.tocld rsvolu-
la~or,
soom to stop hiw fNrr. dealing with
not ••
~­
ject., ~: _ -..-~.--~{~~"oct.
:..:' Q\ilj;f the contr.ry,
1~17
notwlthotanding -
and d.. pite tho foot ·
conc~pt of rovoluaubaumod under ito T~~•i ho 11
thlit Bulchiirlit.:'iia;,od no om&ll rolo in the rovolutl.on -- hh
.tion
.·;_<·
:
h:•~·~~ri~ac't:t;hat
·;·
inioaoap~~lY;dri~h
.:.
'
mal.na '·an
to procludo lllf-movemant,.
o~jtiot .. tO"him •.
Of.
a:esi.iut~ lailar 1•
ao
1111illl:ln · m'ich1n... •
.For
1'.
all 'humun.acttvity\o
tt1
Which io·oxact'ly vhy lllool'
AI' oojoct; tlle highut attrhuh
&.JI.:he~!r-
·~~ ·
can think
~eeo:ni.ng an !laggrognte.• People were retarred to
(2S)
revoll.ltione.ry intellectual t., have. bec:..ms
tundtHnental ali'lna.t.ton of philo•ophera ln
!l
10
entruppad in th•
cl-ua e-,ciety, identifying tnan wit.h
thine•, 1• • phenomenon tb3t laid heavy on Lenin'• . mind •u he h'rotot hi"
(aS)~ Ql Prognm, included in
ID.!•
.!!_ake, P• 121, 'Oolloctlon of Thoorotical
l.rticl.. lty 11. Sukharirfl (May, 1927i;" lloocow, ~nian), unro.-tunotoly,
neJ.thwr -.Bukharin 1• Eoonomioe-of thd Traneitlon Psrlod, nor lllnln'•
oo..,.utary on .it 1o av11l4~loinEii811oh. (I •v;:u;od th• Ru ..ian texto,)
However, oth~tr worka_ ~Y' !, Bukharin are avn.lle.ble in ~nglilh, 'i'heu are 1
~~ ~conQmy ~ Imperi~li•m, Hintorical Materialla~, und individual
••aay~ are included in other workn, thoa~ 3JGinat self-deter~lu5tion in
Tho Bohhovl.ko and tho 'iorld ~or (edHod lty Gankin sn~ Fhher, !ltanford Uo
?.=e•• , 1940) ancr;y;;;h~-
',,__
..
SO hhlly ~id Lonin dlUjji'Oo «Hh. Dltkborllo 0o JHthod of pz-..onht1on that .-,on
wh•n he .. aV••d wlt.h .the epcc.tf1<: po1o1.e 1 he f"l1. lt nec•••ca.ry. to
orit1.c~u·.
· Thue, '\here lfa.e 6•rta1nly.no dl11arree:a.nt •bout the m• jor fluhi•l"~re~t of tho
nu•&len RevOlution.~ tho d•~truct1oG ot ~~rge~l• production rela\1on••
''
tho lllD&h llukhuin t'riod to ,.ke an
i
o~a\racti.on ot thot, tried to ou~ou,.. pro-
••••~• oltn~u•
du,Uono rolat1ono undor •tochniool r•lat.lono,• It
a.ski~Arl.ll oir;pl;y tailod to updor•tand tho didoo\lc.
.....
aukhif.i'ln'a leoaoldaa
eut
~!. !ll!. ~ll.&!.! .fe~
to Lonin tb•t
l'llua, ><han he
cr~oted
t? th• etr.,t that 1 •ouo• tb;, d., ..
tructh~ 'or .oopitolht pr~d.. cUon. z-alatio~a 1• ruUy glnn, and onoo th• tho.,_
r~Ua 1~odi>111ty
·,' ..l11pooo11o1,i1ty
'
7
···J· ;·
o!'. their root oration 1e pro von, 1 Lonin hit
d•mcr.>atra~b
l"olotionobip or
ia
,•
dioletioo'll:i tbo
only
p~octJ.call,.
~ack
with 1
Tho atlthcr dooo not
PQ09
..
thoory ~0 practioo.•
'Tho: ~.t di1'tloult roloUonoh!p to
~orlr
po.e,. !~._.pl'aOiaaty the ralaticm•blJ1 of theory to
out
~hn
ono hao •hto
p.ractlae tor it 1• not only
On tbo llaUonal ~ ..tion Nt upoo1ally in rohtlonobip to tho· world.J>g .J.. uu
th~t
t.he
a
;ulf doito opon
~·t~oen Solohoviko in power and tho workl.n;; pooplh A!!~
p~rty '~~ld ouroly dogonoroto -
ltaak iu ut.oriu.•
taklal
0 To
thlnk. thot wo oboll cot
~· thro•n
tdat Linin rear•d 1rroat w•a tho 1n1dden II Paaai.,n tor toerd.ng•
oommnn~. Unl••• they practice the ne~ concrete ~niva~sal •to ~ ~an,•
thoy will
w•
doomodo
1
iY8ry citizen \o a man mu•t ,tt &e a judge and pnrtlci?ate in
the iOYarruunt of the country. And 1that 1a 1mportcat tQ ua la 1.o
enliat all tba toll•r• to a m•n in the governaNnt of the at&te.
That 11 a tr•mend~~•ly difficult ta~~. aut IOCialia~ Qannot ~.
introduced iy a minority, a party.• (29)
(29) Lon1n, £olloctod ~. Vol, VIII, P• '2ry,
;
_
...
I
j
r< .·
I.
ot~df of Loai~ '• phil~oophlc horit•,• 1e not tho plooo to analyae
· thh
o~ject.i Yl t.ranetormr.t1oa
1.h• ca'\,t&al
a
atato-oa~l\alht aoo~•~y, ~O) IIUch
ot S\M.ll'l'•
or.
wo1•k•r~o~ 1 a\ a i.e into ita Ofpg•1t.e,
iht
lou llhl1u 1 a uourpaUon or power. · Ot d!
•1rh~ore·u.c•_ i'tv!•io"e• wh·~t.-·lt~ ;ralovant to our e:.~bject 1D stal1n 1$
'··
'
work ·.o~ \be reloUor.ahip of
.!!!!. ~;;
..
g,yte~
phl.loaoph.7 to ochoct lti>Lch t•plodoe
~~~;.., !d~'!~·~lo\
myth of '~rtyn•
.. in philo•o!'hy.' ~~~ Lenin
.
.
...
~
·~he
co_,l!ht '
1 (;!l).
.
~o achieve thto intorprctaUon 0110 ~~>•at a leo diar~i~r~ ·tho, f'•ct
o,Hsidl.''aurceo, 1nolu'd!b& llatorialilim''.!!.~ ~lrlo..(;;.IU'!!!!
U.ooU',: nnor·-~~B!•t vhat (~~r""'J l:<~lto o.~d tho Scwbt:•••l!o~uo att~1Nta \o Lo1>~1!. · 'Tb• aourcoa :ihow·tbat ha 11~a &"~'OUUcr.l aim'in·
· "rlUaa':'ibi·o 'llook, llut 1~ ""'· ..Ot to j~1n tb~•. ~hLlosophl.ooi. ,l':"d. pcl1t1a~l
ioaue• that. ~adlin Marxi&to win· 4>"&U1Dg ooouH"tt , .. to liep/irato ~liti111. 1
. •zn ·orur
'ha~ .\b~.
· . 'rb~ro io no\
a Jfhi!'f
;l:'·'-11art.yceeo~ i~"tl\o Philooopbi~ ·Nilh~ocke~-~ot
0
· onn .tho old concoFt oi' tho partJ' ot Ldoolhlll,• 0>" >party of
·'
,,
.
'
•.
oat.•.r• aaywbon, .\lbat wo oro oouoornod
ia pbUooopb.r•
horlto,o•
What vo
~·
lf~th
•
:,...; :
~.
Olah.~ioll•=•'
,•
.
(!. ' •
'
1,; 'n;;t ·t.ll• .~cn~t"ci-"o' ~~ .~t. 1 !'art,\'llll~a•
concerned •ith 11
~ho
<No.Utr. of' th•· philoeopll1c
Par from Lenin JUlllloly procll!mlng hio philcaophlc
ropu~laUcn
ot' Plekh!ino,., or hio irook dth h11 own philooopotc p..t, Lon!o odviood
SOvio~
0
youth \o otudy evor)'tblng l'lokho11ov wroh on l'h!looophy ••• •, and ha l"oprlntod
hio own
.~•rlal!.om !!a!!
•zpl&AII"U.on tor
wrotto 1 (!12)
O'J.t,.
1
'\!1•••
li:joplr1o-cr1Ucim,
:!!Ct1oo• th:1t. or.e
tbe r•a•cn ror tbe
(}0) 1 d;vot.ad a
za~rl«nti"l
"'~1n.c,:;· 4 ot
o~ood
•tate-~apHa!hll.
p:a.rt-of
need not go in ror tho cimplht1c
e.x.~l:l !)ol•hovik ofterud wht~n hCI
Aa4 1Gt Lenin did not hovo tho
a.e 1.1eelou, gotH Hry
~~
c:>~••::•
p'lr!o or
to uy pponly th••. t•• hod thro""
hiE~ ~hllo3.:};;:hy ot 19:l:l."
h1:r i"ai.lollaphln !lotci:..uokv 1•
u~~b
•irr.;'l'$r and
l.tol"xi.8c~rr;;~~tO"'ih~·ot'Udi;-;i~;r;n--
--·
('1) .'!Oviot lluxi.o"'.!!!!! Hat~rol .:lahnco, 1;11~, ll;• [)o.vid Joru•~y, ~,,lj,
Tho \vo llto\ione 1:11o.-t rohvan~ to our •tuify "'"~ ~ tonln ~ruf the 1-'D.r\yn~tau
ot Philoeophy" (ppe24-114), and 11 T1'Hi ~ultvr:~-1 1ttvQl-Jt1on 'lnd J:«I'X'hlt
Ph1lo•o;.!Joro• (;>po76-8;>),
(!12)
~"'•ntora !!!.lli
l.onla, ily iiikolay
v~hotioov,
p.2!)6.
-1( ....
mare.
cot~pliCstod
and neither ll!i::. anything to do with an alleged lttck or cuurago.
Tho trr.gady.li•• ol•ewhore~, dC~ep in the rttr.:euaC!I• or +.ics, revoluti-on cc.u.nter-revolution.
1917 and In;·.
Too
eho1·~
wore the yoara
b~t·.,oen 1~1.'•
ttnd 1917,
s.nd
'l:J~
iletweon
Too groo.t th~. Uovt~mb9r .Revolution in Ruuie, a.n.d too many tho. i...>!",Ciaded
and miauotJ rovqlutiona ola.,Whf!jre--and too ovsrwhel1ning the cor.. creo problama of' thi•
groat h;•toric avotd;, . .-objeCtivo
·'ln~l ~:.lbjact.ive,
inchtding wh·;t _L-,cln r-:..llod cult.ure.l
The pull thorefor~ wns for "etege-ii'yingN when to !:tudy what -.':""t'ir111t
le:cbrardn•••·
one roadv. PlokhG.nov, then
.
contilll.lacl his Hl!lgelian
}!atori~
and Em.p!rio-critici•m, then •••• ~nin him..,l;t'.
'
.re~ding::
10 moved by one book on Hagel
'
evon 1.t the height of the fa!l'.in.,.
~Y'
r·>
·...-aa~
Ilyin that, though ths author
~·,/
Lenin wae
both r"l!giou.
:an enem.y of thC'· Sovi•t stet,, Lei1in intervened to 6et htm out of' jail.
Tho duality in.
Ler~n 1 a ph~.},:,l'o?hic-9.1
heritJtge i.:J ur:.miwt3.kable.
9ut how
c,an that ,excuae the:' failu!'e to grspple with the Philosophic Notabook& on the
11 had
grot_md thtt'f.. :thay ttre aere· "jottin,ga/1
·~d.· ~thl!l~eror~ 11
n¢.vcr been int~.nded for 'p.t?i_ic~t1o~ 0
it would be no mere th>-tn "idle
ap~culation'1
te-riin rleh'!id tc; follow one ·rol.id ruther "tht.m a~1oth~r?.
"
.·
explain
aw~;.y
the Cleer public task.u
phi l<aophic organ, Pod Zn!lmone:n
ht::~
•et for the
M~rxizm!l
work out a "•-'lid philoaophi\! grou'!'l.d 11
,
to conclud9 thQ:t
In a.nj· c.ue, no one cl!.n
oditort~
of the n.,wly-ettshli•hed
(Under· the Bnnn&·r of
~rarxi11ro
), · to
nhich }';~ ~LJ:::llod out ue ,-
L9nin In•titut~ h~3 records for the year 1920, wh~n ~nin ~~k~d f,:,r th~ Ru$ai~n transln-.
·0_~· i_I~ge~ 1 11 Scienca of Logic o.nd !Jhenomenolc~~ E£. ~ftnd a.c well c.s ·,.to:oktt by LaUriola and
Il)rin'.•· The . Philo•ophy of H!g!l!.!. ~ eoctrine_.of the Concrr;,teneJS!I of God nnd f.~n. D~borin, in_ his-.
iiltroduct!.on to the Note~ooku t1hen- they wer!' fin:llly pu'.lli xhcd t n .1 5'291'Lenir..•1d _Sbornllc, IX~, and I
,,:,·Aclor·~t,a~:y in hi• 'prefuce to the 19~~ editl,:,n (Leninaki 3bcrnik, XII) raf'er to the Lenin Institute .:J
••,occ>l"<h. and then, without t~lling anything aUout the i!!tri£Ue~ in the dehy in publiC•ltion, pro_l
·_.1 with pb.titudinoue praise leadinl to r.ot:-1ing C":~ncre'tr;' th~!· ar~ of 11 !,tr~!l1. significrJ.nce,"·
.
1intere-.,ting,ll contain "leadinc indicatio!'l~ regardin:r the diroJ(.tion in which !'t~rthar matcria.Uttt · .
dialoctic· 6hould be ·..rorkc.d nut. 11
.~.
In thj a reupflct Il~·in 1 D works 11r~ n:o:-e r~ve::;.linz \:.ec:lulle you f'I'Jol ilhy hit~ t~.nelysi:l of
·} .
the concrote ao :1nfluer.c"d Lei!lnl "The f'irat 'lncl .t-un·h:aentnl thin.rr th3t on!'·~_.!lo '.dtih!.-' u.d~que.ta...; 1
ly to under•tand '!lnd lM.n1.C~r "~ohe philOI!O:Chic trn.chinr: or Hegel !IJ.tart. do bt t'J ex;>l~ln tr,~ on~'• aelf·'· !.
h1:.S r~le.ti.on to the o::oncrc~e e~ylric .,•orld ••• n .., t~r~n, 'concrete, t:o~~· .Pr~n: the Latin 1 t:oncre•1
1 concr-=:~';erf.l 1 --coalosc•'!, to ari:to thr."Jttt,;h rrawth •
cere'. 'Oreacere 1 mc~n.1 1to z:row 1 ;
.~i.ccord'
in.gly, to Hegel'' 1eo;tcrote' !::!e')nd firat of .!ll the .~rO,·Ii~t tor~the!" ••• rh~ co':'!cr~t~ e!llptrtc la
aooio1.hinz: in th~ order of h~ing (3aln), G~~:nethin£ reY.l (:lealitst ), -~.ctu'llit~r (Wirklicllkeit. ),
.
'•o~ething exi•thJ.g (S:r.ht..,n?:), eom~thi:t(; Dttaein. In it.a totdit~,, this r~'llity !'ores 11 world, :1.
whole liOrld ot' tbtngli (Din£:9, Sech.-,n), erlstf'Jnc~~ (:!:xl,tcnzen), re:.~HticD--t..hn 1 ui:jce·t.j•;~t
1
world, e. .reulr.J ~:Jf 1objdctivit;r. 1 T~.b ~J, pjj~ ,;o.rlci lr, !l~:,~ ti~t1 ""'~}.:.£!.! worlC, Mut
onlj tC,a tt;Ciric-uoucra1."!•1t
I
125.6:.1
-18(1) 1 ~ho oyote~tic otudy of Hogtlian dialoctico fro~ a ~;o:rlolU.O!
otandFo:int, i.e,, tho dialocUco which )!ar:< appllod:;,,.•• ·"•-·•~·
in hi.o Capital' and in hh hhtoricol. and political wo~k•Q
~athod of applying-tho HogdioJt
diil.ltotioa ruteriali.tically c:atio-a1·ved, we can and ehould ·
treat hi• div.lect1c• r:fom. all~jj,_dea 1 print excerpt" frOm.
Httgel 1e prinotpal work•••••'\.,:;.)
.
·
(2)1?1aJdn!: ao O<lr ila-.io )!a?.x 1 o
(~)"~he 'group of, oditoro and oontrtoutort of tho macnnnt
Sonner of llarid.•~ ohauld, in my opinion, ~. a Jd.-A·4 of 'lli•~iot':'i'':·:·
C•f lllhrbliot Friondo of l!ogolian D!.doctioo,•l'6)
I
I
.
.
Thie ttaa tho .y111ar~ 1922, the yS;ar ef hi~ mo•'t intitn••· ilit•lle~uiil·
acthity, which
o~rotoh•d
into_ hsjffrat 1110ntho of
1)12~
and tho l ..t of hh
gr~at
:
1
eettlu •&ali>_~t 'l.ho top l .. dor , ipl ; l!oot of· all i t waa againot- ShUn wbobi, too· l .ii~if..!i•~
b(will
~ok_t~~~·
romavOd,
'¥..,
of all it """·
ac&in~t -~•linia -.,..,t~l, ·~~de
7
:;:::~:-~:-t;~:·: c::::ttt~=~::·
•~toil3 a>l<h~1-n.... hol~ tho
"""'"
'
OYIIIr the
):.::t i::.:::·~:::~:t.
p;.oiti~n ~n tho 'l!ation~l ~ootion,
'ea_;~·lr IDui-eaucrail:r;ation of tho .workorP I 8tate arld 1t • t•ndenCy •to · moVe_
~aOk~RT-dl tO
ror
f:::t
:ind
·oRpi:ta.lialil1 -.:.Lanin
took the meaa~.tre of
hi~
cio-loadoro in l1ie
. .
'IHl~C7> .. -
our ~rPo•e• what he aaye of 3ukharin 1• what 1• mo•t relev~ntt
1
not only tho moot valuaHo and bigg10t thoorotlcien of
1a..toly \o OQnoi~erod tho favorite of tho whole party;
only with. tht vory groilteot doulot ~. rogard•d ao fully
ICholaatic iii him. (He never ha~ 141arned, and ::;; think
4ialoctio.; )1
Bukh~rl.n-h
tho party, iut doo ay,lo,g11•ou', hio thoorotical
ll.arxion, for thoro h OOD1t1ohilllril
never fully undercatood ~hi
~ .,_nin, Selected .!2.!:!!• Vol. JI, P• 77•
... _,.
;i5)0onoidor tho i'atuouo, greatly ovor-ratod yo.,ng French 00II!D11nl.ot philooophor, ·Louia
Uthuoaor, in our epoch proclai:otn~:, 'One phanto111 io moro eopocio.ll:;r aru·:ial than
any other todayr tho ohado of Hegel, To driv& thi• phontom ~ack into tho ni&ht
And rend .. pooislly how otudiouoly ho writea of Lenin u i f he never hod w~itton·
anything i>oyond.)!atnialia!G and Empirio-Qritlchm. (!Anin.!!!!!, Philoaophy) su·
Part II, 1 Altornlt.t. ve•, 11 where I dove:lop!!":the ccnqequencea of not ~u1ld1ng on the
i'oundaUona lot.'~ ~y LorJ.n'• Philoooph!.o ~~·
.
(~)Selected~. Vol, !Io P• 78,
.
(~7)Sinco Kruohchov 1 a Dootalinizstion opooch in 1956, Lenin'• Will boo finally ~oen­
puoliohod in P~ooia and appear• oleo in the lsto>t edition (5th) of hi• bolloct"d
Worka. However, I tva the tsxt lfhich wcu flret JX1.bli•hed lly Trotoky, and ! t1.m
~foro quoting from !h! Suppreaood Teotamont of ~ (19~5)•
'~
Clearly,
0
. -.
&~11dorotandl"'! tho dioloctlc 0 had ~•••• tho pona'){1111 for
IMIIill· · Ol ..rly, it vao !lOt •n a~otrocUon whon 111od to duari~e tho ohi~t
t~ooretl.oian of the
pony.
Cltarly, •not und•r.~ar.dln!f tho dluhotio• hod ~oo011o
cruc!•l· ·'The h•ad of the firat wor~•r•• •tate 1n h1otory. witne••lnr \ho emor&•nc•
or. INNII!.ltr•U"'!:Uoa o.nd
n~U~n•l ohauv1r:h'll ot loath ll<>hhovilm and non·a~lobnilm
aoilll! eo j)C!.nMa\ecl Vlth an adltlnhtrotin =nhUt;-- •• to coli tor ih• otatitl.c•Uoi.
and tho oblot thoont1c1an '• v1ewa ~e1n.1: non•didacUc and thoJ'tl• ··
ot tb• 1Z'lldll ul>!.ono,
toN Mt '~lly llul<bn1-""'1l thooo trolta cf mo•t unc.qual :uaure got J•,.,.d up bo•
·coauae, ·iD tlidr totality, tbay dl tended to aUrlo ntbor th•11 reluoo the <.ro••tift
:·pOw•:ra
•!:': tho mua~o.
.
I!
.:'':' :
Nothing obort of unoinz tbh dongor wo-•ld bs...., pro!Opt<'d I.AI111n' '
'
. 'lt h·th11 ilo.tul'e of tro~th, oo!d H•£oil, tc :!'roo:.: ito
<-:: •'.-.•u•. ~~a• ··~•;•
.-,~.,;._:--~,1 .. -·_·.;:
II•
~o<ii'dc;r hitva
known how =•h a
~tato-capi tcuot
· . 111i>ou1lil8 ~o ·oae tho >~.ruth •von vhon 1t ourfee...
.
.
..
.
H\wt>cn .. •$oot
0
ar.~
•w..t•
I
.
as• cai> nor•t<> to.
:lo oonoplrocy
1101
1to
~
..U:~ 1t
.n•odod
.
to koop Leo\n '8 fhUvaoph1o Noh~ool<a 011t oi' tlie roaoh ·
ot .. h. ,...... --aad thon wa~k to cako it
1ri tbo liatur" of' tho
war up w~on
admlniotr~tivo
0 boyond•
tha1r undor:otan~.i'lt·
:..nhUtr ot our ahto-eap1to.11ot,
!t h
a:.~to~te~
•1•.
to oon.eJ.d•r neg•li•n philo•ophy, at one 11nd the •aiM tlme 11 \he _private pr-ea•rve
ot tho>ao "111. tho know• and to lot 1\ ro,..in °gibb~rhh 0 to tho ulllni~ht.,d.
And,
•lthouah 1n ~ho •ecat• ~hoy ~ov ~oforo tho f~Jnder of tho1r atato, and, in tna
11
Ve.t• ~••r at L4nln'• non-prof'o•elon.d et.atut oa phtloaopher, "oth pole• 'find
it connniont to koop apart wbat h1a\ory hod jo1nod togothar-Htllol ond l~rx,
H•&•l and Lenin.
In. '\h1.e 2aoth a.nu.ivu.uery ~""'r- oi" Hegel, und lO'ltrh onnt.veraDry
yaar or Lonin, 1\ 1• h1&h ttDO to ~ogin llo\on1ng both to th~ volcoo fro~ below who
•r• fln~lng ~.t tho tNth f'or tho:uolvo> ~~ ot.tupUn: to proctloo the ~1oloct1co
Dotro1t, ~loh1g•n
Ftbtuor7 25, 1;70
!·
. Llldn'e ~'LGU IIWI a:l!MJ'II toati of ~ &t tiw liillilill" -
~ QIPO.\~,
pao~~~t or o~ r.aUonallty .
..
IN
aa allll'...:l~ '-'~lb-
.. ~ 1.n U• dattt clip or 1-brlct <.u 1; • 'lflle the .,ro:tet=-Ja~ - " slu:;litliO'in£
- " ~ . . - ,.t.toml lxluni:u'T l.!nelo M
tll&t
nlf..c!~tidAI
f_.
flllll.\ Mt!ima
...U oat.lanll 0
SUI Utili 1n 1:.h8 stN¢e
ot
"1M lllal.GJt.lcll of hifM>7 .111 Nih
pt-JM& H 11ft Jqi!!?:1!!5!e\ !'Aot.=' irA tltll lltl'll~..e
.e-211ri Sapli'SIIU.o !lllfo1 a part aa or.a or tlw· t8'lllll\t4o -one or til• '*'>UU 'llldtlb
Um-
. bliP
fiDIIIIl' • • ~ 1o -
0:1
the
~..... ~. tile
·. IIGOISfiJ.t"- (lnll_.kt.~ (xm. P• 30"J)
,: "::: i:.· ;. !.' .
-~._ ~-~IIUoll did not.- tlltlt "'t""'~.<!ftl1rlat.lon-- llillOP,SW
:. .
.-
;
.
••a-ble.
st&UA•s'lGU piece of' "r.r:lol!i'loos" lllll!l ~,...
~-
~ bo -
I'
.
·.
dllritle JA!Wlla
p!"ei!UtilT ·1n· "1J> Gl'llSt. ~ ct.auwin.\!!t aWH:!G
to .... -~ ldaosot.U., the ~ ""f>f>'l!sll,y• "" Lal1n lAI7 ~.
· • tlatlrllllt«l \bill
t.o
\be IIM:Io
bill we, bo
the l!!iniW
Pii.Jo\r
11\s.,.
or· ~·
O!li!'8
a;:a1:u1t stsUn on tllo C!-u&m or naUoliAl lli1r.or1Uel
M, u ws QIIAn\ct.erllltl.n or TJro~ ~
~ , _ , 1n fot" "ao~~~>!l \e.I:1M.'Is!''•
llo raSlatl
to uni'lu'l
or st.ru,;(tl.11 ~~Pinet stalb at t..be tval.ftb eonvoe• or thlt ''~
88 b8 had
l'ftllllulr!
~ !:oO ...:>lll.<l <ioo
JINIIIJoual<ro In l9al hn dkl 90tO fO>" i..anill'o tll05CS an tl>lt li&t.iooal
and
•'OlonJAl QQGetW,I _(~ e;:aln, a.s on
boo~
t.'ul
toi'.oJ.o qlW<I~ or d1al110t.1'"'•
llXII"tll.Y ''took it far g!'ant.a'" ,Jithnut evor dOV<Ilorl.njJ tbo un1Yill'-.ltl
of -Jal1.11Q ~.., 111tlt tho :1e<dy dwnlopir.c: ob.)<J<t.ive aitll6tWno
cnJ.Ir
UP!o t!Mt -~
j!AVfJ
tile one and
IIUl'i<>llOI cOM:1o:i<r.nt1on to thl> fAci;. tint. t.!l~ 'lbo6flll
<.Gtabliall«l a nor.: ;><~in~ of dfl!!IIIM:uru l.n tl"""'•'lo &oc. thl&t that n<JH point
,I •,
wu
1256G
:. '
'
-te.
1.2567
dlatlnaulah Ita
-u.ch.~46)
"the petty bourgoolale In a
WhMt did dlatlnauloh trio oocloliot r-.olutlon waa the vay It
"We recos:nlee only one -road, e'lwftll!l frM /' /', :.(::""
J.i-' .
O.low, we" .Mntvd 'lfOricerli r:t-.oCue!vea to drav up, from below, t~ nev ~inct- (
I
plea of' economic ccadltlona,"(47)
'
)
,
,; ;
<lid not !Jealn thlnklns thot It can ~o for tt.. ""'•••• vbat only tho ""'••••
c~n do for theuelvea. tMn,
!!f1
plY tbp~ could people 1110V'l to 1octaJ.Ifrrll
Every cittua. to • riln aic~ aot ao .2 juC:1• and partldpatlt Ia the r.""'"'~"""nt of ths countrr, and vhat Ia
110at. l""'"tant to ua Ia to enllat all tho tolle:-o ea •
..,.,, In t!W. aon.....,..nt of ~hi· a~ata. That 1o a truendoualy <ll(flCl•lt tioak, but. ,.;,11all1m cannot be lntr<>du~d .1>Y c ~~<lnorlt7, u part)'."( 48)
.
·
.
·
Aa., ... 'aiM, thlre -h nut a alnsl• crfttcal quutlon, fro."' .th• NBth>r.al
··:,
''
t;u..atlclll
,1ulll(iu~
·''·
-·,._
"'
,_.
I·
;,
-
. '
ead.'eha. d"!"lnont r,ole of worker• Inn ••>t•kers' atate, to ltla
_;..,~~;ln•tlon on Ol!'&aniEitlon,
tho "Vanguard
Party~C49)
01111,
thst h not
...'fng t;rat-.1 by the. dlal•ctl~• of t'ibarotlo~. The ••vect that c:mCan..
· 111
..,.r.· bert<
the relatloftlhlp of that notlonol question to lnternsttonallora
h
be~auoo
It lo.thore
that he leld now polnta of dcportur~ In theory that
..
are moot relevant to our age, ond-lt !a there tbot hla final battla·agolnat
\\ • :
hlo decloretlon of
.: ~
·'.{ Sta~!n waa fouaht. Indeed, ahaJti&i:iifi1ii&fillii!!iLA& -"w~rr to the doath
~ I]._ ~
·
(SO) vaa blteed, not only on the Ru•alsn
~ ~ "".dominant national cheuvlnllm"
=•trir:z-; k bt
••••llo ';
,,. ,,
\J~
J ....·'f..,
1
::
1
::
revolution
•.
·
\., .,.
1/
/0.
.-·.,:.',):,
·~'
..-
-1
behc,aded in 1919. LPntn raised the quest toni If not r:hrouKh
_'!81
r~lnded the white world
,.~ : 1j
Later, he
fj
P.· . ·
'
Whan the flrat GeriiUin
Berlin, could not the world revolution become a real tty through P•ktnR?
I"i~ '
·.
"I
altuatlon, but on that of the world revolution.
,~
:'\''/
,'</
1, '
¥;;/.:;, · .- ~-..
,f.J_~
I '
~.1
Ji7c
_
1
,(
., ; - ·
Y
/'
'J I' '
I
wlll be deterMined by the fact that Rueata, lndt,..
Chl1111, etc,, account for the ovorwhelmlnc ..,.jorlty of
'.''~-/-'the population of the RlobQ, (51)
/
I'
'\/1) \ '
I:
'
-'..
In tha lsst nnalyala, th~ outcome of the lltrugRU-
I \
',\ \
'IJ\i
thatl
AI
,..--
.. :
/\
.
'•l
~)
;./
,''//
lf; tlwtn, ti!A C.,_1nl1t Party did not beco. . bureaucrotlo¥o and. .t ,...-"
.
'
,. ,,
_.,
.......
''
.-
,
. J1)
:.. to,tally new pohit of departtJra hi thaJr:t bod been projected by Lenir. ••
hit
developo.d tbe dialectic of world revolution and aald that P.ua•l•,
thousb ic had -~xperJ•nced e lu~c•e~ful re~otuttan ~let ~ rse~y to 5ubo~dl~t•
IU
.1! ,it ~re
lfttereata
DOaalble t.o overthrow ""rio copltallam by tho
colonial ~.Volutlonao
. J'ett)'•louracola nauo ... llan declaru the recCJ11nltlon
Of the equality of nat!!>n•, ami nothlua ella, to be
l!lferMtloNIUa,., vblle. proaervlnlJ .Intact 'nACIDNil
•aotam••• proiQtarlan lnterootloaallom ~~ndo, flratly,
che aubordlnotlon of tbo in~er.. t~ of tbe proletarian
etnaaloe 111 (Jfte co~mtry to the lntneata r.f the
· titrus&lll on a vorl<! scale ••• CSl)
·
.·: .i. ':-. .·' . -. '· ~
-.
. '' ,.
. '
· .. r.,..t.lant •.c•MI'c Marxllta ~ notvttbatandtna,
.
't~~otonclca!
p.;lntl>f
M..l"'rture
tor >l\'lrkl•li out tlw dloleotlc .. r vC>rld
W.·. 'l41d d<lim In,, 1920, • ,.... hillf·c•ritury··..,,ore , Marc\iioa,·
.'n.,lut't;.,.
,_)·:..
',,
..
·..
- .. ,.
'
.
>111:t~h11 to 't'hrol. overboard the Malixht concept of prol~torlan revolution,
"
•,
ill! .
'
'.
',
'
,:_.~{~l!oy:~,;ritenil that,
_,
: .. .Leriln, ;:.,tlctMI revo.lutlono
~re only wo~~x!llerY", .
· vloerua tiHIIJo vlth the rlar. of tho Third World, we ~•n look at m6tter1
~·"sioW<U)l.•U4)
In cny
.e<~ae,
tG.rte~llJ, h(tr.~u:tna ·Lenin'•
what 11 of t!il e•ionoe dialectically, hto.
"HtgellanJa!R" huaeJ)tlrable from the c:ancr•t.a
"'l<ilYeroalo" thlt &ll)ne can aoaure thtt comlftll of world uvolutlon, h to
hold on tlabt to Lenin's herlta~e phl!oaophlcalty •• volt a• nationally,
vbat erupta apontaneoualy Ds well a• whst come• out of organtz.s:tton, ex:•
tan4wd all the vay. as tentn did, to teaderahtp and orsontzatlon.
tt vaa not onl' tho Oriental majority that bnr.ame • new dlmenolon
for vOTld: revolutloMry c!evelooment.
It wi!R the Btac\t dlun~tton snd mtftorlty
problema tn ~en@rel that becaMe ~vlng forces.
Thus, ln ~he ThealR on tlw
National and ColoniGI Queotlon, vbare he projectao·the new oolnta oi
d•partu~•
ln theory_ he llated the Negro tn tbe United qtates •nd the
Jew• ht Poland.
(55)
12568
,"t•
... ,,._ .. -.
...
v-20·
':he "~peor~"''" of the G•rvoy movo.,.nt ~·~ tbc Bl~ck di!Oift!;lon, v~l!,eft-i!iJiilill
,-Jiad:.._ atu.;...¢' """
'"Ioney In the onry ptirlod when tho Ger""'n Revel::'
ohlpo of theory to practice hed ~otbln& whotwwar to do with the old
"'
Cotteept, ot pr8Ctlctt II "th(:t ',:elrYln& Wt of
II
"iir~" •labor•ted by the.
t&rty loo'"7•hlp, but the loodoroblp llotonlnstoto, loornlno frgM th!
!W'' ,.-•sUe•
.... r.ow poll'ltl of departurcr ln tbeo:--y !t'om the one aource
. o! t!leory till'~ wao ot.o 1to
on.
•ow 1.
thins tho Lonln Institute did bako ~votlablo to tho public in
tf.
tboae ollpt.y lN:rCitluctlono to Lenin'•• Ph!J!!!!C!phic Notebo:i.ka, Dnd tl>Ot
···:.
-
.
.
•
· llottlis.· ,of tile 1r•quooto Lo_nln mode for. boilkl. (56)
,.
(
It to clur ·It
hat
. , .. ·.
thoo.
1,;, ·.
u•·not.'etoppod
otudytna
the lloaollen
diOll'ctlc
onoo
the. rovol~tlon
. '
_·,
,•-:
'
.
,_
... .,...:•'
euacee•~l.
1•
Nor w11 thl• "•c•4•mic,~: or llmited to tiM fact t-~t he
aohed ·"tlie tbooratlctone", the edltora of the now theoretical O'l'l!an,
.!!Hft ~- .Bol!!!!lr
of Ka.glsm, to lJCt •• "Moterlollst Frlondo. of the
Hoaellon Dialectic" and cont!nu2 to publloll Kogel•• works.
,.
'
T
J
!
r:.,, It """
tho woy he applied It In life, In tfwte>ry, In hh b•ttleo ~th hlo co- .
-
111
l ..der
.&-., ~L;':T;•"LWhfc:J-e/l~h-e-
»~Jt tl<-<. ~.l.l<fluA..c/
,_..--.
---
left.
folio more treKic
1
?/ ..
.
molll8nt In ell of hl•tory than the Will Lenin
The crltlcl•m of hla Bolohovlk co-!ee~era wao dlractod not ortly
•a•tnat Stalln whom he aaked to be "removed", .9.! Z!ttoviev-KEmtnev whC'6e
publication• of tho date of the plonned oel•ure of poweT In tho bourg~·
ola praaa waa
"no accident,.,
or against •trotsky•a "admlnhstratlve men•
I , '·
. ,
,
"./.:
tallty"\.
1
\ 1 \
<
I'
• I '
NO, also darDntng 1ft Lentn•a crltlc:llm of "a a-.oAt valuable and
ujor theoretlc:J.an of the party"~ 8ukhnrt:n, who could "only with the very
flreateat doubt be regarded os fully Ml!lrxlsn," for there ts sometblns echO*
leatlc In htm (he never toarned and l thtnk nt!ver fully undaratood
12569
I·
-21-
the diDtoctlc.•(S?)
ll ... t t.e"l" wa 8UODII'I(t up, whtother It wa11 In the T!>ooeo, or In tho
:!!.Ut
tt
I• • llfetl• apent tn
•c~tew.d
tbe avaatcet
~be
trevoiutloNiiry movu•nt 11t the OOMnt vben
prulet•~t•n
revolution ln bl•tory,
~nd v~re,
phllotlophlully, d!ol<>otlcv bee- tha pcm• . . 1!).!, of ell 'Lonln'o thoo;gbt.
'It • •
~o ~mat!., II~Mtruse
matter
1.1/
vtw:n~ vr~c
tblat the =aJor
t'bet.~-
rotlclo• of tho porty did "not fully underotandR tho dlala<:tlo:, •n,...,..o tloan
It wa • mnor quoatlon vhort he ver""~ tut
.!f.
;/
tl.. foctiOn.tl
•~r~s~loa
rarl..,t
act~l cla~oa dlvlalonl, notbS na. f".Othlng vhlllt«ver, tbllt tw or' anyon& alMcw;d Uf ,...!d ar;cop the pro!st5rlan otote fr""' collaooo. (58l
Ouce tht Rusalan
Rtivol~tlon
Nothln& did.
va!i not extended to !urope, lwt
vorld,, world caplt&Us• &•I ned raore tban a ·breatbar.
el~• t~
the lootattor; "f thl
, VOi'~a•: at.au·, •• wttll •• ·ats ~ruucrattc..•tl~n, lad to Jt• t.rane£0ru.tinn
'·,.
'· . ,
·l,llto oppoalte.
Once tho JOU"'l vorkna' aUto bud tt:iolf .1101: on' ehe CI'OOitl•lll:l'
of j:........... IN&
·'
In OI'Mrl"'l thai: about I on1le tba Mte1'8ln""t ,.. not labor
.IN& ta. "State Plan1 Onc:e .the Sene Party, the 010nollthtc atlote boca• :o ls.o!li~
'
- . fr"" tllo maaeo, aru! ta. P"rty v11s not checked by tho "non-l"'rty ... ..,.•(5t),
lout
aot Ita
1o1pulooo froalvorld productlaa, It hod reached a """ atos•_ of·
wOrld ea'ltatt .. -- •tate c-plt•llwm.
.:<~ptt&ll•,...
which lo
ox~ctly
lt Ia Ruaat•'• movement •back"arde to
vh8t IAnln feared vhon, In bto !oat apoecb to
tllo R11•al11n Part? C•>!l4;rell, ho warned that hlotory hbd vltne..od ... ny retro-
araotlona0 Inti It would bo nutophn\'to thtni(~o will not bo 'tt.r""" bac~ 1•
Tblo,
J.m
thlp, v.. the reuon vby Lonln did net ll•lt hl.a critique of
theoretician," lllkolal Bukharln.
Lanln would h.>rdly haw aone Into an
o~
atract dlacu•el~ &bout th• d!•lfictl~ and Bukberln'• fetlure to "fully Undlr•
atand the
dtate~tlc",
at the very movement when he ley vrltlQA thln
~-o~y
••
not juet pbyalcal ••mny, but s.:J;ony c.ver the eArly burecucrattz•tton of tbe
12570
.....
-22-
of the WOI'kera• atate and ita
tend~ncy
to SDOVa ttl)sckval-·da to cepltaUam.•· lllltf
h!l IIDt fQlt tlYt tho thearetlcal pottttc"'" of ll!!kharh• on th<i 11atlonol Quentlon,
,
im tha Tralk UniON, on tile
economl~•· of t.he t~•n•lt 19n l"'rlo~, conotltutad a
f""' of ettfll!llo rather t~.an rela•olna, the craatlvz _..,.. of tile
vould
.,...11' ba,..
...
na••••• Ita
uda auch • devDct•ttw& crltlch....
Wbera· Lenln oansed •a pa1elon for boootnf In revolutl~~rle• wllldlne
lUte
J~oWQr,
tNI !lev Left In our otote cGpltallot .,., unfortun.<tely, end up
loy IU~IIIIIo If not tho baolan ot11te _ r , then tho Chlneao, aithou'-'b el'll
. uprielll!!~r eopeclalty ln ..Ea•t i!uropa, blve oholm tbot fnedCKA flghuro llul\ller
for fft8dolo
f.t2!
t!l&y ,~end
tba Stete Pnty, fr~m the State Pl~n, ·ft.., the S~ate, .Qnd w\lt
f.2!: vare
.d!!•centrelliUlUon of rule -- Workna' CCNnu!la,
!lltitllectuel c .....wua, Ycnatb C®nclle.
hi .truth, lliao ••• alwayt• terrified of tlw obltctlv tty of titlo
·•
ffilei&ll8n~.
ciilltrdlctlon, tbot to to 1ty, the octu~llty of opPCI"Itlon to the Coaaanttit ·
'·
!~Ute fram tic Left; Tllu1, In 1937 11urln& thl lN"tl>lc Yunan p&rlod wNIR ha ude'.:ki• ujol' con&'J'.Ibutton to dlal•ct!c:a.
i.e 11~1lte41
•
.U...
Ol"s
mor• Accurately put,. to lta.r:.,lsloc,' .
..
dlotlnctton bet.,.en tbe "l'rlt!C!pol" snd • ~Principii! At~peetK­
of cOAti'adlcUon tblt neither lolcrx nor ~ny Marxist lfter bloo bid evu Hflft bafo1re•'
From thla, be drew tl>l conclusion that the s..la01 nat~n need
contr•dlctt<ml
·)t
be thl .nc111-..- ·
"When tb• aupnotru~tun -- politico, culture, •nd 10 on -- bllld'llli
the da.,.. lo-nt of the HCOROIDIC_foundatlon, political Bed ~ultural.
(60)
the principal and dectstve !=ctora."
Thcr pl'actical reeeon for thta tnwntlon . ·
va: obwtoua enouah1 lt
w••
used to ftRht ~~ "dog~tlsta" tn tbb ~ntl-Japane••
sts.-uula and to fOdfst upon the maases "the l•adertthlp of Chlan kat·ubak.n
tn 1957, b& a•v• e etlll n.,.r t~lot to thl• crlaln•l contribution to phllooophy.
Tbis tl~ tbe denuding of tho cl••• content of contradiction wa~ for purpo¥es of
·-
advlolng lbru1hcnav to cruah the Hung•rlan Revolution, an<! for telling the .. nut<r••'''
Lhat since the cantradlctlona ln China were "nonQantegoalatl~"• ~re
"•oona the poo~le". such cont.rsdlctlona ~auld be "hondled."(61) ny 19~6, wa
=-••••
12571
..',
-:~
?J.,}t( .
·.
1tiJib. "" tbl
.
.
.
••• aiD&le track, ""d thla tl0!8; th<NJh It Is auppoogd to· ·be n<>tbl;,g
..
'\)~l
.
llloort.. of a ."S.P...,d
RtiWI.utlon.O,
tha rooolutlon
of cantrA<!!ctlona
.
.
.
. dapand toll :m tha
'
thouaht of OM, ."Tile
r.....t
lfal...,..n, Chotnun H.to,• .At tu s10w tiM, thouch •
"War .to tlMI'·eaul" ..Ia dlnct"d •11einst "c:•olullat roodera" llkA hie co-foundn, Llu
Sl•ao-l!hl, It Ia
•:tuel
.
~!are,
DO
acqldent whatanr tlu:t tha "revolution" Ia not •••ln.\t tho
but Is coaflned to "culture,
~D4re4
aiMl flfLy yean Ofo, Regel Jtln:>21nted the lnverte<l relatlon-
abl~ ~cf'r.ulitJ alllr•cterlotlc of •cultura"l
t...Orioin o,t reality •lkl tl>ousht, th>tl r ..:ntlre t•tranaeiDOlnt
fttGM tbe ott.erl It •• pur'<! cultu~a({ij) [Thla o1dy lad •
own
. will. (.,)
. of -
t.o·Mtu~a!'lao, for vhlcb.] tha 100~1<1 11 abeolutely Itt
.Ji:·.:·..:' • ';
'
!leo, at couree, luta 10118 ki1CM\ that which Ia familiar to ell ~nlate 0
.... •
.
.
. . '
· ··;k.t cliltli'e Ia ,,only •cbo auP....cructu"'" ·""d not< tha deteJ'8!1!1& Pl'l'ductiOS> .~e·..'···1\· ·:... ·_ . ':·· .. : '·.
. ·/ ,. .
'
.
.- .
btloz:a~ IIIIIch Ia .,..cUy vhy bl bae ourroundad that "revolution~ vlth tho
"' .:·',"j:;,t_l;;.,,
"11raat~· Proletarian,
Cultural,"
GifJt
It·,. no
eccldt~nt
tbat
ll
thl
··.,....;... l~Ueat - . . =hou!!il tbay talk &llbly a""";b of revolution, leave O.:.t
l~
.pnlet<trlat, and tluluab thaY. project nothlns olwrt of a vorld .......,lutlon,
. til.
!oar•~tlYOa tba' set ou~or tba lntall•ctuah Ia only tlutt of "lladlcal
·'·
...
-:
.
..
.ln~ist.to-
. c6'1>
What wa aead lnatead Ia aome •oarlouanaaa, labor, patience and oufferlng
(61.. .
of tiN aqatlva," 'l'l That naedo to be ~one on tvo lew Ia, It Dllt atart vllan
t~
lndlape~aable
a.w -- tbe reality of our
~a•,
fouru!atlon, but It h
not the uho!a,
can not be conatdered sa n ~r• ~pd~t\ng.
No, Chi .,... ha"l"" by lhteniM to nev lmJ>Ulseo orlslng from below, arhlflll
from precttce, not the alltlat practlcil of th:oraticlana •:mo1na to tba peaaar.ta"
but
theoratlclona leo~tna from tbe moooea •t which pclnt tbly flrmt b•~ln to
davelup thaory.
lj
.,
l
of othel'a.•
Let>lll left off, thot lo the
'{
·,
For our ero, tho nav erupted flrot In Eeat Berlin on Juno 17, 19Sl
•nd h1a contlnuod• not only ln !a•t !urope
~nd
thToughout the Third World,
~t
12572
.. ,.,
-24-
but IR t~ tocbnolllllcally advencad cwntrlen,
11><1
not nnly In the reco.ntoab\y
anat lloiJ 1968 .l'ln'olt Iii Praru:&, but vitb nll the naw 'force• of
li21lted
St•tn.~e
ne"
f~rc..
revol&Jti~'l
h1 tU
of revolution -- boglnnlng and f.orevgr retun:in:
til the llack nwolutlo!l. alone viti\ tM Yoilth, WO...n•• Liberation, ChiM>'IO, helton ••
not, ......_r, eo e allhtlt"t~ fu: tM proletariat,
"-'<
In oolldarlty "lth lt.
It la ,....,IH1J tho lllack ll'fiVDlutlon, that continuous, pcrolst~nt, novar-endlaa
nevar
lata ua fora•t tho lndlapcnaoble labor otrulil&, of which they
L t,1)
.
eYe lta ~at •lltt•nt parr• ~ thing Mao recosnlzaa at l~aat ln ~rda aftd thst
'revolt that
-
'
Ia the rota ef labor.
weluRtowt~
&G
ilut of
wUt
!l«:TOlP
It t& no accident that a!.l catch
lndft~d equal tv.nty ~era.
If one dey ccu14
II
blo
Becauo~ oo ouch
of ,·~:..t Kw Left fM•• luolf on the ao choracterlatlc 1\aotrlcOR bcuYaooh phll...,pby,
. a.Ptricttll, ha,..u .., vber• It
~oea
not feoti lt.. lf on I!Jiola11, It 18 !"'at!u•ry
·. tlllt 118 contraat Mao•• dla\actlca to Le~ln'••
I tr..•t you viii ali~ mo·:' t~ ~ote
\
Ma~'• failure to •r••P ~lalectlc logic baa aothlns thate.er
to do vlth "'mderatandtaa phlloaoJ)h,.,M. Dlaltlctlc !citJtc ta th<!l_
l~lc of . frHdOOI 3nd :an be sreal>tld oniJ' bJ' tho•• •na•s•d In the
actnl auugle for freed001. Ther•Un Ilea tbo key to the fulfill·
Mnt of bwun ~entlclltl . . aod ~banln li&l tb.ot ...,. rslctlonolrolp bstve(ui·the~ry and practice vhlcb coul4 lauan the birthPillS af lnduottlelloet!on. Anytblaa aloe IG tile ~ypa of oubjeotlvl•• "bleb bldca M<oo•o c...,.,H taa nacd ~o t!'olisfon> tbo
atr&~@ll• f~r the ~Indo of,..~ ln~o G ~rl~ to.bralr.vaab tbam •••
It Ia aed c~ntary '" our tlmoa and . .po1eo haw totally
lacklna tn any c~nfldence In tba ••lf-octlylty of tbt moaaao
are tod•l''a clolunto to the title, ~14arxlat-Lonlnlat." Tbalr
•llhancy &•Ins -ntum only vhare th•~• fa • otatc - r to
back It uJo·.... TIMI chall•aa• II for a nov unity of ltotlo'l and
Rsallty vbl~h viii raleaa" the voot untapped enorsleo o, llln•
kind to put an end, once and for all, te w~»t H•rx called tba
J!I!•bl~y of bu31o!nlty oo tlult Ita true blatory can finally ioa unfold.-~
.
Thlo ... t~bon Lanln beR•n In 19!7 and continued till hi• deeth in 1~24.
Thl• 11 vbare Hao'• B!! revoJuttonary OFPQaleion, Shen~wWu-lten, trt~d to begin ·~
vban It loouad Ito HUnan
f~nlf«oto
In
!~681
12573
.1
1
··!.
/
/•-;;
·•
';
/
/
t.,.
Contempor•~J Ckl~
Ia tbe focva of world c~t~•~lctl~ •••
Slnce r.l,. peat tMO 1110!!&11&_,
Cl•"'• atruqle b!l$ eat~ad
_e_blallu et•a•···lt_ le •to W<>!'thrCN tb ....,born bourac:~lale
as.<! t.aeei!Uab tllfl ~ple'a C-IW e>f CI!INJ' •• • row
IMII~J t'ne f~oa buruucrato, llka t .... Path c .......... (68)
'
Ae w aae f...,. thll S..Mn ·M.nife~to, It Ia, altn all, not -•11>1• t"
c..,.. tba tloiltll
'of
t.,. dlalecuc tor tile ll"l'le r~ooon that It 11 not Oftly
,.I!OIOpkyJ' It 11, oba¥o •ll, lite •• tba eatre-.ly contra~lctarJ ltf• ~f
C4'tc"ll . ., lttte fe !f!H •• Mlvstt•
IIMtbar "" hook at tbo 10'<ft« C!atneu
. rewl>KIO&Ortci1·or at tbe rreiiCh (both
event~ were h1 tile 11•• t%8)1 vt>etnsr
w !colo at tbe atltl•\'_letM• ..... - o t or It '"" Block revolutiOtt, or •t ti!e
late~ -
foorc., ~~~~·11her~--4?~ United Rtatu; tbay •11 Ill~ ~~­
lie u tbo
~• of e~t"'c.Jf!l~tw.r Sta!t11 nor t.,. ude-St•IIO\!Htl"ya~
e,._,nlets, ..,ch leae tbe •ve,..uardlate" who ••
bu113or f i r - · """stop t~.11 foRnd - l i t '..t
lutve
atatl ,..,..,.. INt
110
the ..,. a••re:t"".
of 'nWlia"··
.;-- .,
Uourl.. • It beo-e llperltlft therefore, . ..,..,. end for aU, _to fUt' .&be
tbeoraUc nld IIIIC<I l.tinln'a dletb.
eaua•nt •t t'IIIJ equivocal £nd
ael~-..
~urel)\-future ano~atl-
~•lanUaas
nAiote,..c that
l'.an&lata -In ou!' aaa haw carrl&d on aaatnat "f.ba
tloe dialectlce of llbolratlon •lllch Lenin had
VMkei:l ""'
1>1 a
t"""• vbo C<lll tlloaoo-
cli<~la~tlc
both
pouer end &ftor _.r woe achlned, but aoci•U•• was .not.
t:<>iOCl;ooolon that •ooc:lalloll e.annot be lnt110duced
will atlncl bl
Cll
,.-o;>er"'
aft.!
.ti-oe .,.1 to
It .... !.tint•'•
•lno~lty,
a !lo-;ty". t.bat
only wben tbol populatiOtt •to o .,.,.. , 'tO ;-. HAN Ukc Mttera lllto their """
haw;
It Ia only .,.,., tbla 1Moc0111a not only till ull07l:Jf.na pl>lloaopby of
r . .olutlon but to n•cttce, that tM Ide•, f ..edoco, will no lon&l-r be
~pnlloeophy";
It viii IMo
~••llty.
12574