Quantum Total Light Management
®
Architectural lighting control, shading, and energy-saving solutions
Photography © Nic Lehoux
The challenge:
OPTIMISE ELECTRIC LIGHT AND DAYLIGHT TO SAVE ENERGY AND CREATE A PRODUCTIVE, COMFORTABLE, VISUAL ENVIRONMENT.
Most buildings today are over-lighted because there is enough daylight in the space; or lights are set to a higher level than appropriate for the people
inside; or spaces are lighted even though they are unoccupied. This wastes energy, creates discomfort, and reduces productivity.
The solution:
MANAGE LIGHT WITH QUANTUM ®.
Photography © Nic Lehoux
Quantum manages both electric light and daylight, to not only save energy and simplify operations but also improve the comfort and productivity of the
people in your building.
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Lutron
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What is Quantum®?
Contents
Quantum is a whole-building or whole-campus lighting control system that centralizes control
of all electric lighting and blinds. Quantum software gives users the ability to control, monitor,
manage, and report on lighting energy usage from single fixtures to entire facilities.
04 | Benefits of Quantum® Total Light Management
06 | Quantum® Components
What are the benefits?
10 | Quantum ® energy savings and
light control strategies
08 | How the components connect together
Save electricity and protect the environment
Reduces greenhouse gases by eliminating unnecessary energy use
12 | Energy-saving light control strategies
Save money
Lowers operating costs and peak demand charges
16 | Quantum Vue Scheduling
Create a more flexible space
Lighting and shading zones can be re-configured without rewiring
18 | Quantum Vue—IntelliDemand TM load shed
Increase productivity and comfort
Makes occupants more productive and comfortable with preferred light levels and
automated blind control
14 | Quantum VueTM—Facility Management Software
17 | Quantum Vue Reporting
19 | Quantum Vue—load shedding steps
20 | Quantum Vue—Hyperion ® solar-adaptive shading
22 | Quantum Vue—Alerts
23 | Personna ® PC and Q-Control+
Where is Quantum used?
•
•
office, education, healthcare, hospitality and other buildings
for new construction or renovations
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24 | GreenGlance®
26 | Our Company
Lutron
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BENEFITS OF QUANTUM ® TOTAL LIGHT MANAGEMENT
Save electricity
and protect the
environment
Save money
MORE ELECTRICITY IS USED FOR LIGHTING
THAN ANY OTHER BUILDING SYSTEM.
LOWER OPERATING AND
MAINTENANCE COSTS.
Controlling your lighting is usually the easiest and
most visible way to manage your energy costs while
enhancing your space.
•
Light control strategies such as tuning, dimming,
occupancy sensing, daylight harvesting, scheduling,
and automatic shading reduce energy consumption
which conserves natural resources and lowers the
amount of CO2 released into the air.
•
•
•
•
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automatically turn off lights
in vacant spaces
use only the amount of
electric light needed
minimise electricity demand
charges by lowering light
levels during peak periods
reduce lighting and HVAC
loads by dimming lights and
automatically controlling blinds
report lamp failures for optimal
group re-lamping
Lighting is responsible
for nearly 21%1 of the
annual electricity costs
in a typical commercial
building.
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Create a more
flexible space
Increase comfort
and satisfaction
EASILY CONTROL AND RE-CONFIGURE LIGHT SOURCES.
PROPER LIGHTING IS BENEFICIAL FOR EMPLOYEES WORKING
IN AN OFFICE SPACE.
Lighting and shading zones can be re-configured without rewiring,
making reconfiguration of office space simple. As the needs of a space
change, wireless wall controls, hand held controls, occupancy sensors,
and daylight sensors can be reassigned to different fixtures or groups of
fixtures. Furthermore, the Quantum® system is expandable from small,
stand-alone spaces, to whole floors, to the whole building or campus.
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The improved comfort and workplace satisfaction brought by daylighting,
task-appropriate electric lighting, and individual lighting control can result
in increased occupant comfort and satisfaction2.
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QUANTUM ® COMPONENTS
Quantum provides total
light managementTM by
tying the most complete
line of lighting controls,
window blinds, digital
ballasts/LED drivers, and
sensors together under
one system and software
umbrella. Many of the
system components are
available in both wired
and wireless options.
FLUORESCENT BALLAST
AND LED DRIVERS
SENSORS
WIRELESS
EcoSystem H-Series Digital Ballast
Radio Powr SavrTM
occupancy/vacancy sensor
EcoSystem LED driver (CE)
Radio Powr Savr daylight sensor
EcoSystem 5-series LED driver (CE)
Here are some of the
key components.
Radio
R
di Wi
WindowTM sensor
WIRED
Occupancy/vacancy sensor
Daylight sensor
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CONTROLS
BLINDS
WIRED
QUANTUM®
HUB AND POWER PANELS
GRAFIK Eye® QS
Sivoia® QS roller blinds
seeTouch® QS keypads
QS smart panel
power supply
Energi Savr Node TM
(EcoSystem, DALI, 0–10 V
Phase adaptive switching)
Architectural dimming
and switching panels
(GP, XP, LP)
Slider control
Sivoia QS skylight blinds
QS Signature SeriesTM
Quantum hubs
QS Architrave TM
SOFTWARE
WIRELESS
Pico wireless controls
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Sivoia QS curtain track
GreenGlance®
energy dashboard
Q-Control+ app Personna® PC web-based
personal control software
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HOW THE COMPONENTS CONNECT TOGETHER
Green-Glance®,
on client PC and
LCD display
Quantum
Q
Vue™ on
V
client
c
PC
QS link (RS485)
Ethernet Network
Power panel link (RS485)
EcoSystem® loop
Building Ethernet network
Wireless Radio Frequency
(RF) connection
Ethernet
network
Personna® PC
personal control
software
Internet
Quantum Vue
on client laptop
iPad® with
Q-Control+ app
Q-Manager™
server
To additional hubs and meters
Key
Quantum®
energy meters
Interior office
EcoSystem H-Series ballasts
To BMS by others
(BACnet IP)
Q
Quantum
t
hub
Radio Powr SavrTM wireless
occupancy sensor
iPad® is a trademark of
Apple® Inc., registered in the
U.S. and other countries.
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DIN-RAIL panel
Pico® wireless
control
QS sensor
module
To dimming modules:
lobbies and atriums
auditoriums
training rooms
cafeterias
se
seeTouch® QS
ke
keypad
To switching modules:
exterior lighting
non-dim ballasts (hallways,
bathrooms, stairwells)
se
seeTouch QS
ke
keypad
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Conference room
QS smart
panel power
supply
Radio Powr Savr wireless
occupancy sensor
GRAFIK Eye® QS Wireless
with DALI
Pico wireless
control
RS232/Ethernet
interface
To non-Lutron devices:
• touchscreens
• A/V equipment
• HVAC equipment
Radio Powr Savr wireless
daylight sensor
Sivoia® QS
blinds
5-Series
5 S i LED Driver
5-Series
5
S i LED Driver
QS smart panel
power supply
Open office area
E
EcoSystem
S
H-Series
H S i Ballast
B ll
QS sensor
module
DIN Rail Energi
Savr Node TM
with EcoSystem
s
seeTouch
QS
kkeypad
Pico wireless
control
Radio Powr
Savr wireless
occupancy sensor
Radio Powr Savr
wireless daylight sensor
Hallways, Restrooms, Stairwells, Exterior Lighting
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Radio
o
WindowTM
sensor
PowPak® CCO
To non-Lutron
devices:
• HVAC equipment
DIN Rail Energi Savr
Node Switching module
Sivoia QS blinds
with Hyperion
solar adaptive
shading
Switched lighting loads
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QUANTUM ® ENERGY SAVINGS AND LIGHT CONTROL STRATEGIES
Photography © Nic Lehoux
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ARCHITECTURAL LOAD DIMMING
LIGHT LEVEL TUNING
Allows the users to dim traditional light sources such as
incandescent, halogen, low voltage, and LED.
Sets the target light level based on customer requirements in
each space. This level is lower than the high-end trim light level.
FLUORESCENT DIMMING
SCENE AND ZONE CONTROL
Highly efficient dimming that allows the users to dim
fluorescent lights.
Users can select pre-programmed light scenes or raise and
lower individual light zones.
CONTROLLABLE WINDOW BLINDS
SCENE CONTROL
Allows quiet control of daylight for improved comfort and
productivity using Sivoia® QS blinds.
Users can select pre-programmed light scenes at the touch
of a button.
SWITCHING
PERSONAL LIGHT CONTROL
Allows the user to switch on or off all non-dimmed light
sources using 1 million cycle relays.
Allows users in the space to select the correct light level for
the desired task. Often that is much less light than full-on.
HIGH-END TRIM
OCCUPANCY OR VACANCY SENSING
High-end trim sets the maximum light level for each space,
providing guaranteed energy savings.
Automatically turn off lights when people vacate the space.
Lutron
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DAYLIGHT HARVESTING
BACNET INTEGRATION
Automatically adjusts the electric lighting levels based on the
amount of daylight in the space.
Allows simple integration with the building
management system.
SCHEDULING
REMOTE MONITORING AND CONTROL
Lights turn off or are dimmed and blinds are adjusted
automatically at certain times of the day or in relation to
sunrise and sunset.
Allows management of your building’s light from anywhere
in the world.
HYPERION TM SOLAR-ADAPTIVE SHADING
INTELLIDEMAND TM LOAD SHED (DEMAND RESPONSE)
Automatically adjusts Lutron Sivoia® QS window blinds
based on the angle of the sun to maximise the effective
use of daylight.
Allows the facility manager to reduce lighting load
at times of peak electricity pricing.
PARTITIONING
REPORTING AND TRENDING
Automatically adapts the lighting controls to changes in
room configurations.
Allows the system operator to intelligently manage and
monitor the lighting in their building.
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ENERGY-SAVING LIGHT CONTROL STRATEGIES
Potential savings
80%
Max: 100%
Occupied: On
Full On
Full On
Shade Open
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High-end trim
Sets the maximum light level based on customer requirements in each space.
10-30% Lighting3
Occupancy/vacancy sensing
Turns lights on when occupants are in a space and off when they vacate a space.
20-60% Lighting4
Daylight harvesting
Dims electric lights when daylight is available to light the space.
25-60% Lighting5
Personal dimming control
Gives occupants the ability to set the light level.
10-20% Lighting6
Controllable window shading
Adjusts blinds to reduce glare and solar heat gain.
10-20% Cooling7
Max: 80%
Vacant: Off
Dim
Dim
Shade Closed
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Potential savings
7am: Dim
Full On
Scheduling
Provides pre-programmed changes in light levels based on time of day.
10-20% Lighting8
Demand response
Automatically reduces lighting loads during peak electricity usage times.
30-50%
Peak Period9
Plug load control
Automatically turns off loads after occupants leave a space.
15-50%
Controlled Loads10
HVAC integration
Controls heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems through contact closure, or
BACnet protocol.
5-15% HVAC11
7pm: Off
Dim
Appliance On Appliance Off
Heating
Cooling
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QUANTUM VUE —FACILITY MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
TM
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Beyond light control to
light management
Quantum Vue interface
The heart of the Quantum® solution
is Qunatum Vue—Quantum’s
powerful software that allows
facility mangers to manage
their electric light and daylight
for maximum energy efficiency,
comfort, and productivity. From a
central location, a facility manager
can control electric lights and
blinds, as well as configure,
monitor, analyse, and report on the
light system in the building.
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QUANTUM VUE —SCHEDULING
TM
Time-based control
of facility lighting
Quantum allows for time-based control of all lighting and blinds
Quantum Vue software includes
two types of time clocks:
•
a time-of-day clock
(e.g. 8 p.m. weeknights)
•
an astronomic clock
(e.g. sunrise and sunset)
Lights can automatically be set to
a preset level or to turn on or off in
certain spaces based on the time
of day. Blinds can automatically
raise or lower in certain spaces at
specific times.
Conditional programming can
also allow controls to operate
differently based on the time of
the day. For example, occupancy
sensors can be disabled during
working hours, but re-enabled in
non-working hours.
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Display today’s schedule of events
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QUANTUM VUE —REPORTING
TM
Energy analysis,
maintenance, and
system health reports
Reports include power or energy usage, system activity, and lamp failures
Quantum Vue provides reports
and diagnostics that allow facility
managers to improve maintenance
and operations, identify issues
before they become problems,
and monitor lighting energy
consumption in the whole building
or any part of the building.
Energy usage reporting
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QUANTUM —INTELLIDEMAND LOAD SHED
®
TM
Quantum Vue IntelliDemand load shed interface
Smart load shed
This feature of Quantum Vue allows facility
managers to shed a percentage of the
system’s lighting output to reduce energy
costs for their facility. This can result
in lower electricity rates or rebates
from utility companies and energy
aggregators, who offer demand response
programs. The ability to eliminate or
smooth out energy peaks can also have
a significant impact on reducing peak
demand charges from the utility company.
Smart Grid and Open Automatic
Demand Response (ADR)
interoperability
Demand response is a critical part of
participating in the Smart Grid. The
Quantum® system is Open ADR compliant,
and by receiving signals from a utility
company or energy aggregator, Quantum
software can automatically respond
by lowering light levels unobtrusively
throughout the facility.
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Power usage
Load shed settings
for individual areas
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QUANTUM —LOAD SHEDDING STEPS
®
Quantum’s IntelliDemand load shed capability allows a facility to respond
to load shed requests automatically, or at the touch of a button.
Demand Response
Automation Server
(DRAS)
Utility company sends out
demand response signal.
Automatic signal
Energy Management System (EMS)
receives demand response signal from
utility company over Ethernet and sends
loadshed commands using BACnet to
the Quantum hubs.
Open ADR
OR
Manual signal
OR
Customer receives
demand response
notification by way of
telephone, email, text
message, or pager
and manually adjusts
load via PC.
Quantum
server
BACnet/IP
Quantum hub receives demand response
signal and lowers lighting, turns off preprogrammed loads, increases HVAC set
point, and adjusts blinds to save energy.
Blinds
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/
HVAC
Q-Manager™ with
IntelliDemand™ allows
user to pre-program
loadshed strategies.
Non-lighting loads
Ballasts and lamps
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QUANTUM —HYPERION ® SOLAR-ADAPTIVE SHADING
®
Hyperion set up wizard and daily blind schedules
Automatic blind control
Hyperion solar-adaptive shading
is a feature within Quantum Vue
that automatically adjusts Lutron
Sivoia® QS blinds to reduce glare
and heat gain throughout the
day in response to the changing
position of the sun. Customised
blind schedules are developed
to limit how far the direct sunlight
can penetrate into the space
by combining information about
building location and façade
orientation.
Hyperion automatically
generates blind
schedules by area.
The schedule for each
area can be viewed for
each day of the year.
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Seasonal solar variation
The angle and intensity of daylight
changes throughout the year.
Hyperion manages these variations
by incrementally altering the blind
adjustment schedule of each
façade on a daily basis.
Hyperion offers a variety of benefits
June 21st
Summer
December 21st
Winter
Increases comfort and productivity
Glare from windows can reduce productivity by up to
25%.12 By controlling blinds, Hyperion helps reduce
glare, as well as heat gain, making a space more
comfortable for its occupants.
W
N
S
Sunrise
Sunrise
E
June 21st, 11:00 a.m.
Hyperion software automatically
positions blinds to let useful
daylight into the space. Lights
near windows dim to save energy.
Preserves external views
Studies have shown that employees are more
productive when they have views of the outside.
Hyperion ensures blinds are open when the sun’s
glare won’t adversely affect occupants.
Maximises effective daylighting
Hyperion works with the Quantum daylight harvesting
system to significantly lower electric light usage.
Lowers HVAC costs
Blinds can save 10–20% of cooling loads by blocking
and reflecting solar heat.7
December 21st, 11:00 a.m.
Blinds lower to block harsh
low-angled winter sun. Lights
near windows remain bright,
maintaining preferred light levels.
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QUANTUM VUE —ALERTS
TM
Raising awareness
Quantum alert interface
Quantum® can monitor the
system for certain events/triggers
and raise awareness through
visible changes in Quantum Vue
or through email messages.
Emails can be used to integrate
into more sophisticated work
order management systems for
acknowledgements or assignment
to individuals.
Types of alerts
Alerts can cover a range of issues,
one of the most important being
issues with equipment. Improperly
functioning equipment, such as
a ballast, control, or sensor, as
well as lamp outages in Lutron
dimming ballasts, can all be set
for an alert.
Alerts can also be triggered for
low batteries in wireless sensors
or controls. Lamp hour counters
can trigger alerts for lamps nearing
their end of life and the start of a
loadshed event.
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PERSONNA ® PC AND Q-CONTROL+
Personal web-based control software
for Quantum
Wireless hand-held control
and programming
Personna PC gives occupants control of their lights
and blinds from any device that can run a web
browser. After logging in with a user name and
password, the user can control lights and blinds
in his area using a virtual keypad, so there’s no
remote control to lose.
The Q-Control+ app provides a simple user interface for
end-users, facility managers, and lighting designers to
control and monitor the lights and blinds from anywhere
in the building using a mobile iPad® platform.
Users can also save preferred light levels and
blind positions, which they can easily recall
with the “favorite” button.
Users can also quickly reprogram area scenes, zone
levels, and blind presets while in a space.
Administrators can manage user accounts and
restrict user access to only certain areas or functions
depending on their specific roles.
Control lights by
clicking on buttons
Personna PC software on networked
computer or other internet device
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Virtual seeTouch® keypad
controls for lights (shown)
or blinds
iPad® is a trademark of Apple® Inc.,
registered in the U.S. and other countries.
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GREENGLANCE
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®
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Maximum potential savings
Displays lighting energy
and environmental savings
User can select pre-defined spaces
Show the world what you
have achieved
Building local time and date
Average lighting energy saved
over user-selected period
Real-time lighting power saved
by using Quantum
GreenGlance display software provides a
quick snapshot of your building’s energy
savings from using the Quantum® Total
Light Management™ system.
Building owners and facility managers can
use GreenGlance to:
•
motivate employees to save energy
•
support their organisation’s reputation for
being green and socially responsible
•
serve as an educational tool to display
their facilities’ economic and
environmental benefits from using
Quantum, such as dollars saved, CO2
not emitted, or tons of coal preserved
•
display other green facts about their
building (waste reduction programs
or water efficiency systems)
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User-selectable time periods
for lighting energy displays
Displays project details and lighting
energy calculation information
Displays local conditions
(requires internet access)
Compares lighting energy savings
of different time periods
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SEAMLESS INTEROPERABILITY
Quantum® can seamlessly and reliably integrate with many different building systems, including building management
systems (BMS), security systems, and maintenance systems.
The BACnet/IP protocol is the primary means of integration.
BACnet is embedded or native in the Quantum processors,
which means no external interfaces or gateways are required in
order to communicate with other systems. Only a single point
of connection is needed on the Quantum network for total and
complete communication to the entire system.
Additionally, the Quantum system has been tested by BACnet
Testing Laboratories (BTL) and certified to comply with all of
their necessary interoperability requirements.
Common integration examples:
•
A BMS system can trigger loadshed events in the Quantum system
•
Occupancy sensor status can be shared with the HVAC system to set back temperatures when areas
become unoccupied
•
Quantum’s energy usage information can be shared with building dashboards to eliminate the need to add costly
energy meters
The end goal is to increase the energy efficiency of buildings and simplify the lives of facility managers. Seamless
interoperability between major building systems goes a long way to helping achieve this goal.
In addition to BACnet, Quantum also provides a variety of other means to communicate with different buildings systems
including RS232, Ethernet TCP/IP, contact closures, Modbus TCP/IP, Open ADR, and XML Webservices.
For detailed information on the capabilities of each communication protocol contact your local Lutron representative
or our technical support team at systemsupport@lutron.com.
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Building/Energy
Management Systems
(BMS/EMS)
Energy Dashboards
& Analytics Packages
Maintenance & Work Order
Management Systems
Utilities &
Smart Grid
HVAC
Remote Access
& Monitoring
Remote
Locations
Quantum
Fire & Safety
•
•
Lutron or
Third-party
Service Company
•
•
Lighting
Shading
Sensors
Meters
Access &
Security
Audio & Video
Metering
IT
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FLEXIBLE IT IMPLEMENTATION
Quantum® can be implemented flexibly to address a variety of network configurations
to suit the IT landscape in the building.
Option 1: Using a dedicated
lighting control network
GreenGlance® client
Personna® PC
web-based software
The Quantum lighting management hubs
are connected to the Quantum server via a
dedicated lighting control network.
This provides the highest security.
Corporate
Network
Lutron
Network
Lighting
management
hub (floor 2)
Quantum
server
Quantum Vue™
web-based
software
iPad® with
Q-Control+ app
Lighting
management
hub (floor 1)
For detailed network configuration information, have your
IT administrator contact Lutron at techapps@lutron.com.
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iPad® is a trademark of Apple® Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
www.lutron.com/europe
GreenGlance client
Personna PC
web-based software
Option 2: Integrating with the
Corporate Network
The Quantum lighting management hubs are
connected to the Quantum server via the Corporate
Building Network. When using this option, all
routers/switches connecting the Quantum lighting
management hubs and the Quantum server must be
properly configured to allow messages to be passed
between the hubs and the server.
iPad® with
Q-Control+ app
Corporate
Building
Network
Quantum
server
Quantum Vue™
web-based software
Lighting
management
hub (floor 2)
Lighting
management
hub (floor 1)
www.lutron.com/europe
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OUR COMPANY
A history of sustainability, innovation, and quality
At Lutron, sustainability is not new to us. Lutron is a company built on a belief in taking care of people:
customers, employees, and the community. We are a proud member of the U.S. Green Building Council,
administrator of LEED. And since 1961, we have been designing industry-leading technology that saves
energy and reduces green house gas emissions.
LEED
We innovate in advance of emerging market needs and continually improve our quality, our delivery,
and our value.
Lutron has registered over 2,000 patents worldwide and manufactures more than 15,000 products. For over
50 years, we have met and exceeded the highest standards of quality and service. Every one of our products
is quality-tested before it leaves the factory.
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Global service and support
You can count on a level of support unequaled anywhere in the industry
or anywhere in the world. Lutron provides technical phone support. Lutron
Field Service, made up of a global network of customer-focused field service
engineers, provides world-class services that begin before your building is
commissioned and continue throughout the life of your building.
Save energy on your
next project
Call Lutron today at +44 (0)20 7702 0657 and you will
be connected to a Lutron representative who will be able to
provide you with a plan of action for your application.
WORLD HEADQUARTERS
Lutron Electronics Co., Inc.
7200 Suter Road
Coopersburg, PA 18036-1299
U.S.A.
TEL: +1 610 282 3800
Prestigious projects (left to right):
EUROPEAN HEADQUARTERS
Musikschule Grünwald, Munich
Le Meridien, Tokyo
Chelsea Harbour, London
Royal Mirage Arabian Court, Dubai
Bank of China, Beijing
The White House, Washington, DC
Lutron EA Ltd.
6 Sovereign Close
Wapping, London, E1W 3JF
England
FREEPHONE (UK): 0800 282 107
Customer Service: +44 (0)20 7702 0657
Technical Support: +44 (0)20 7680 4481
www.lutron.com/europe
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The New York Times Building, New York, NY, USA saves over $600,000
each year by managing light with Quantum®.13
“We designed our building to use 1.28 watts per
square foot of lighting power. With Quantum,
it’s only using 0.396 — that’s about 70% less.”
Glenn Hughes, Director of Construction for The New York Times Company
during design, installation, and commissioning of The New York Times Building
Green Facts
Buildings
1
Square Feet
over 600,000
Lighting Fixtures
over 15,000
Lighting Energy Savings approximately 70%
Annual CO2 Reduction
over 3,200 metric tons
Source:
1
Bertoldi, P. et al. 2012. Energy Efficiency Status Report 2012. Joint Research Centre.
2
Light Right Consortium. Research Study on the Effects of lighting on Office Workers (2003).
3
Williams A, et al. 20120. Lighting Controls in Commercial Buildings. Leukos. 8(3) pg 161-180.
4
VonNieda B, Maniccia D, & Tweed A. 2000. An analysis of the energy and cost savings potential of occupancy sensors for commercial lighting systems. Proceedings of the illumination Engineering Society.
Paper #43.
5
Reinhart CF. 2002. Effects of interior design on the daylight availability in open plan offices. Study of the American Commission for an Energy Efficient Environment (ACE) Conference Proceedings. To achieve
maximum lighting savings, automated blinds are utilised.
6
Galasiu AD, et al. 2007 Energy saving lighting control systems for open-plan offices: A field study. Leukos. 4(1) pg 7-29.
7
Lutron commissioned study by Herrick Laboratories. University of Purdue. 2011.
8
Energy savings estimated based on 50% reduction of after-hours lighting energy waste. Source: VonNieda B, Maniccia D, & Tweed A. 2000. An analysis of the energy and cost savings potential of occupancy
sensors for commercial lighting systems. Proceedings of the illuminating Engineering Society. Paper #43.
9
Newsham GR & Birt B. 2010. Demand-responsive lighting: a field study. Leukos. 6(3) pg 203-225.
10
Ecos. 2011. Commercial office plug load savings assessment. California Energy Commission PIER Program.
11
Lutron study based on reduction in heating (base 60°F) and cooling (base 55°F) degree days with a 2°F thermostat setback and 60% space un-occupancy. EnergyPlus modeling simulations were conducted
and predicted similar savings.
12
Heschong Mahone Group, Inc., 2003. Windows and offices: A study of office workers performance and the indoor environment prepared for California Energy Commission.
13
The savings are based on actual lighting usage for the full year of 2009 (annual average lighting power of 0.936 watts per square foot) compared to the installed code-compliant lighting power of 1.28 watts per
square foot. The dollars are calculated using a New York City commercial electricity rate of $0.18 per kWh (source: ConEdison). CO2 reduction is based on 1.9 pounds of CO2 prevented per kWh saved (source:
Weighted average of fossil fuel energy sources from page 2 of a U.S. Department of Energy carbon dioxide emissions report in July 2000).
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