LIGHTING
BUYERS GUIDE
2015
1
The “triple crown” of Interior Illumination:
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
2.
3.
THREE ESSENTIAL LIGHTING TYPES:
AMBIENT, TASK AND ACCENT
THE ESSENTIALS OF LIGHTING DESIGN
DESIGN LAYOUTS – ROOM BY ROOM
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
FOYERS THAT WELCOME YOU HOME AND
HALLWAYS THAT USHER YOU IN
THE LIVING ROOM AND FAMILY ROOM
THE BEDROOM
THE KITCHEN
THE DINING ROOM
THE BATHROOM
SIZING GUIDELINES
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
ALL SCONCE
W
CHANDELIER
FLUSH MOUNT
PENDANT
SEMI-FLUSH MOUNT
PICTURE LIGHT
BATH AND VANITY LIGHTING
ISLAND LIGHTS
PORTABLE FLOOR AND TABLE LAMPS
OUTDOOR LIGHTING
19.
OUTDOOR LIGHTING
BULB SOURCES MADE SIMPLE
20.
21.
IGHTING MEASUREMENT TERMS
L
BULB TYPES
TECHNICAL DETAILS
22.
INGRESS PROTECTION (IP) RATINGS
57 Bofors Circle, Epping 2, Cape Town, 7460 | Phone: +27 21 534
3636info@illumina.co.za | www.illumina.co.za
© Illumina Pty Ltd.
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The three essential
LIGHTING
types
AMBIENT: PENDANT LIGHTS
TASK: DESK ANGLE POISE/SPOT/WALL
Ambient lighting meets the necessary
requirements for subtle and effective
interior Illumination.
Whilst ambient illumination welcomes one
into the room, task lighting is focused on the
myriad tasks one might action in the room. The
demands of task lighting vary substantially from
room to room.
• Also known as general lighting, ambient
lighting encourages hazard-free navigation
throughout a room by bouncing light off the
ceiling for even diffusing and minimal shadows.
• A dimmer switch allows one to adjust
mood and timbre of a room’s ambient lighting.
• Typically, a central source, mounted on the
ceiling, it addresses the practical requirements
of ambient lighting.
• However, ambient lighting is simply the
“base” layer in a well forecasted lighting
implementation. Multi-layered illumination is
achieved in concert with wall-mount sconces,
portable lamps, and hanging pendants.
• The kitchen- demands strong focused shadowfree lighting at food prep stations. Yet at the
same time, warm and inviting illumination
that underscores the room’s role in social
gatherings.
• The bathroom- demands highly focused vanity
illumination; this assists one with very detailed
personal grooming.
• The living areas- have diverse lighting
requirements and can be met with a variety
pendants, wall- mounts, and portables. This
due to activities such as reading, game- playing
and general hobbies.
ACCENT: STATEMENT/DECORATIVE
Accent lighting is not just utilitarian.
• Lighting creates and complements thoughtful
design.
• A room might play host to various textures,
layers, and works of art, but these design
aspects only garner appreciation when they
can be seen.
• Accent lighting encourages one to focus
attention on specific areas that highlight a
room’s aesthetic features.
• Thoughtfully placed sconces will draw the
eye to architectural elements, such as the
interesting texture of a stone- clad fire-place.
In the same way, a picture lamp tastefully
illuminates a prized possession.
• In order to achieve its full potential, accent
lighting should be three times brighter than
the ambient light surrounding the area of
focus.
3
DESIGN
DESIGN
Layouts Room by Room
Layouts Room by Room
FOYERS THAT WELCOME YOU HOME
AND HALLWAYS THAT USHER YOU IN
Layering the three lighting types, begins by
establishing the “base” required to light the room
safely and evenly.
• When guests arrive at one’s home, their first
impression of one’s lighting style occurs in the
entryway.
• When an exterior window offers a view into
a two-story foyer, be sure that the hanging
fixture is centred and scaled to the frame of
the window.
• Be sure that fixtures in single-story foyers
preserve 2.14m of space from the floor to the
fixture’s bottom.
• Sconces or portable lamps can be used to
flank mirrors or other areas of visual interest
and provide an additional layer of ambient
light.
• Flush mounts placed approximately every 3m
provide safe passage through hallways, while
sconces add eye-level ambiance.
LAYER ONE:
ESTABLISHING THE NECESSARY AMBIENT
LIGHTING
• Multiple “layers” of light maximize the liveability
and beauty of an interior space.
• Ambient lighting is the functional foundation of an
aesthetic lighting plan; this aesthetic includes the
visual aspect of the fixtures providing the lighting.
• Whilst chandeliers stand out as artistic centrepieces,
they simultaneously serve as the base layer of
lighting.
• Pendants, flush munts, and semi-flush munts can
each be used as a room’s primary lighting source.
HELPFUL
TIP
TO DETERMINE HOW MANY WATTS OF
INCANDESCENT LIGHT IS NEEDED FOR
TASK LIGHTING:
TO DETERMINE A ROOM’S AMBIENT LIGHT
REQUIREMENT:
Multiply the total square meter of the task
area by 25.
Multiply the room’s square meters by 13.5
to determine the minimum number of watts
needed from incandescent light bulbs.
For example: if a kitchen island is 1m x
1.5m. Multiply 1.5 (the number of square
metre) by 25 to determine that 38 is the
minimum wattage output you will need
from an incandescent fixture.
For example: a 5m x 5m room contains 25m²
square metre, which multiplied by 13.5 equals
338 watts needed for ambient lighting
HELPFUL
TIP
LAYER THREE:
LAYER TWO:
TASK LIGHTING SPECIFIC TO EACH ROOM
• Once an adequate level of ambient lighting is
established, the next step is to contemplate the
various activities that are carried out in a given
space.
• The typical tasks of the kitchen vary substantially
from those of the bathroom or the bedroom,
and each has its specific lighting requirements.
• Identify which areas of a room will be dedicated
to a given activity and approximately how much
space is needed to perform the activity. For
example, if the activity is food preparation, the
space required would equal the dimensions of
the countertop where the work will be done.
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ENHANCING DESIGN FEATURES WITH
ACCENT LIGHTING
We call this the Finishing Layer, its decorative
and statement driven
• Accent lighting enhances the impact of
architectural and décor features.
• Contemplative placement of accent fixtures
elevates light itself to an essential role in
the overall design schematic. First identify
the interesting features of a room – be it an
antique sideboard, a stone-clad fireplace, an
artistic showpiece, or otherwise – then select
fixtures that will illuminate the accent area
with approximately three times the light of the
surrounding area.
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DESIGN
DESIGN
Layouts Room by Room
Layouts Room by Room
LIVING ROOM AND FAMILY ROOM
THE BEDROOM:
• As both the social and recreational center of
the home, living rooms have substantial and
varied lighting requirements.
• A chandelier or other decorative fixture
centered above the seating area, can supply
the room with ambient light. Larger rooms
may support a pair of hanging fixtures.
• Whilst a flush mount ceiling fixture and two
bedside lamps still define the standard
bedroom scheme, thoughtful planning may
recast the sleeping room as a welcoming
refuge from not only the chaos of the external
world, but also the more frenetic areas of the
home.
• Semi-flush mounts allow one to choose
more intricately designed fixtures that do not
consume much vertical space.
• Chandeliers and larger-scale lantern pendants
may make the open space of high ceilings less
intimidating and more intimate.
DESIGN
IDEA
Designers have been known to use
low-hung chandeliers behind sofas, to
creatively partition seating areas from
foyers. Possibilities abound, feed off
inspiration and unleash your creativity!
ENTERTAINING
A shaded, low-hung pendant could also
satisfy reading requirements and add a
fresh design touch that preserves open
floor space.
• This calls for a specific lighting scheme that
enhances the conviviality of the occasion.
• Bright glare and sharp shadows fracture
intimate ambiance. Overhead-lighting leaves
guests exposed and vulnerable.
• It is especially important to avoid recessed
down- lights over the seating areas where
people cluster, due to the harsh shadows
they cast over faces.
• Wall sconces along the perimeter of your
room, allow one to dim chandeliers and
introduce a layer of soft lighting around the
face and torso area.
GAME TABLES:
• These require evenly distributed bright light
to illuminate play.
• Island lighting and shaded pendants can
meet this requirement. Be sure that, when
mounted, their bases are positioned 90cm
above the playing surface.
FIREPLACES:
PORTRAITS AND PAINTINGS
• These and other focal points of architectural
or decorative interest are enhanced with
thoughtful accent lighting.
• Flanking a fireplace with wall sconces draws
attention, and enhances its aura as a place for
intimate gathering.
• Table lamps draw the eye to key showpieces.
• Wall sconces are ideal for showcasing a
treasured antique, as well as a striking modern
piece.
• These should have pride of place, and deserve
to be seen and appreciated without the
requirement of excess overhead illumination.
• Specialty picture lighting mounted above
picture frames, to cast accent lighting directly
over the artwork or portrait. Widths range
from 20 to 105cm.
READING
• Most often facilitated by table and floor
lamps, positioned behind and to the side of
the reader’s shoulder. The shade base should
sit at eye level to avoid bulb glare.
DESIGN
IDEA
6
READING by the bedside is certainly possible
with a pair of portable lamps set upon the nighttables. However, a swing-arm sconce can serve
the same purpose, while keeping table space
free for other effects. Low-hung pendants too
may facilitate reading, with more dramatic
design impact.
RELAXATION is important when experiencing
the bedroom; it should be a place of respite and
rejuvenation. A chaise lounge carefully position
to take in a view may be a great addition to
gaze and unwind. This with the addition of a
hanging pendant, or a cluster of smaller ones,
may transform the chaise lounge into a cosy
nook for reading. Slender floor lamps may be
placed alongside a love –seat, or chair-and-ahalf to create intimate seating in areas that lack
the added space required for table-top lamps.
DRESSING areas require lighting that is
independent from overhead ambient lighting,
in order that attire might be chosen with
conviction. Overhead lighting might disturb
someone asleep, while wall sconces and
portables may focus lighting in designated
areas only when required.
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DESIGN
DESIGN
Layouts Room by Room
Layouts Room by Room
THE KITCHEN
THE DINING ROOM
• Not strictly spaces dedicated to food
preparation, kitchens are focal points in the
modern home.
• While the traditional cooking and cleaning
functions endure – requiring specific task
illumination –the kitchen is the hub of
household activity. We entertain, eat, and
perform a number of other activities in our
kitchens, from homework to balancing the
cheque book.
• Strong overhead lighting is necessary for
general illumination and can be attractively
accomplished with a larger-scale flush mount
fixture. However, the multipurpose nature
of a kitchen necessitates incorporation of all
three lighting layers.
• Decorative lighting style reaches its apex in
the dining room.
• Prolonged attention should be paid to the
fixture selection, whether the space is used
for nightly dining or will be admired only on
the special occasions.
• The dining room of today often accommodates
an array of activities, other than that of meals.
• School projects, hobbies, and household
planning require lighting in excess of the
candlelight glow appropriate to entertaining.
Sideboards and Buffets may be flanked by wall
sconces for accent, as well as to illuminate
serving tasks.
BREAKFAST NOOKS may be lit with a single glass
globe, a decorative pendant, or even a cluster
of smaller pendants hung at varying heights for
maximum visual impact. In smaller kitchens,
a secondary overhead lighting source might
not be necessary. A wall- sconce or two may
provide additional ambient lighting, focused on
the eating area.
ISLAND COUNTERS require focused task lighting.
Multiply the square meterage of the countertop
area by 25 to determine how many watts of
incandescent light you will need. Then select
pendants or island fixtures that can be lamped
to accomplish your goal. Remember to leave
75cm between the fixture base and the counter
surface.
DINETTES are smaller than formal dining tables,
and should be lit with appropriately paired
fixtures – either pendants or smaller chandeliers.
When selecting a fixture for positioning above a
round table, make sure the fixture’s diameter is
approximately 30cm less than the diameter of
the table.
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Longer tables may be illuminated by a pair of
smaller chandeliers, or statement pendants
for grand effect. For correct sizing, divide the
rectangular table space in two and size each
fixture to the portion it will light.
Dining tables are traditionally illuminated by
a substantial chandelier, which serves as the
room’s artistic focal point. Several guidelines
exist for correct sizing.
HELPFUL
TIP
One standard suggests the chandelier
should be no larger than ¾ the table’s width.
Another suggests the fixture extend no closer
than 15cm to the table’s edge. Typically, a
chandelier’s base should not extend below a
75 to 80cm gap from the table surface.
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DESIGN
Layouts Room by Room
VANITY Well-diffused light is necessary to
avoid shadowing or glare while performing
grooming tasks. Fixtures with milky, opaque
glass shades or clear glass shades pressed
with a prismatic surface spread light evenly
while preserving its intensity.
THE BATHROOM
SHOWER stall requires additional overhead
lighting to assist with hygiene tasks. Be sure
that the flush mount fixture you choose is IP
rated for wet locations.
• A smaller space means that extra attention
should be paid to each decorative choice.
• Bathroom lighting is often dictated by the
demands of grooming tasks, thoughtful
planning may transform the space into a
unique showcase of your decorating style.
• Flush mounts are still considered standard for
ambient bathroom lighting, opportunities for
creative expression abound.
• Pendants and tightly-scaled chandeliers may
add a touch of unexpected style, reinventing
a utilitarian room as a relaxing oasis.
• Wall sconces may assist in creating the
soothing ambiance of a private day spa
• Setting a portable lamp atop a bureau or side
table creates an unexpected intimate setting.
• White shadow-free illumination at the vanity is
essential to sensitive grooming tasks.
• Bathroom finish choices are varied. Bright and
shiny lighting fixtures in chrome and brass
are sure to match other bath accessories.
Nevertheless, softer bronze tones offer a
novel look, sure to survive the test of time,
these pair well with more recent plumbing
offerings.
TUBS AND WHIRLPOOLS that stand alone may
be surrounded by wall sconces to create special
ambiance. With the overhead fixture turned
off, bathers are left to bask in the intimate and
relaxing glow.
GUIDELINES
on Sizing
WALL SCONCE
• Layered, sophisticated lighting patterns
are easy to create with the addition of wallmounted sconces. Placed midway on the wall,
sconces can be used to balance overhead light
sources, and add a thoughtful dimension to
your décor.
• The eye-level spread of light along a wall
creates an intimate ambiance in halls and in
designated spaces, such as dining nooks.
• As accent pieces, sconces may be used to flank
architectural features, such as archways and
fireplaces.
• In bedrooms, sconces mounted on each side
of the bed replace portable lamps for reading
and liberate table space on night stands.
• Whilst it is not necessary to match sconces to
the style of overhead fixtures, keeping them
within the same finish family will allow you to
explore novel pairings that preserve overall
design unity.
HELPFUL
TIP
10
CHANDELIER
A sconce’s light source should be
approximately 1.5m from the floor, while
spacing across a room is appropriate
every 1.5 - 2m.
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• A showpiece of decorative sentiment and
material beauty, the chandelier is the crownjewel of the room’s lighting array.
• Sizing is essential when choosing a lighting
centrepiece. Too small and your attempt to
grandly express your style will be lost among
other elements. Remember that dense
shapes will seem smaller, while open, airy
designs appear larger than they are. Although
an over sized fixture is also undesirable, care
should be taken to ensure the piece does not
obtrude, chandeliers are statement-makers;
it is better to verge on the side of substantial
over diminutive.
SEVERAL GUIDELINES EXIST FOR PROPER
SIZING:
Above a dining table: the chandelier should
be no larger than ¾ the table’s width.
Another guideline suggests that the fixture
extend no closer than 15cm to the table’s
edge.
PENDANT
• Perhaps the most versatile of all decorative
lighting fixtures, pendants may be as artistic
and grand as a chandelier, as understated
as a wall-sconce, or as functional as a floorlamp.
• They may be used to provide task, ambient,
and also accent illumination. Unlike
chandeliers, the more compact profile of
pendants allows for greater pairing and
clustering possibilities.
• While a solitary pendant may be used to
illuminate floor-stationed art objet such
as a sculpture or an accent table of prized
possessions, a series of pendants may be
hung in the kitchen to brighten counter
space.
• A pair of beside pendants provides lighting
for reading, while keeping limited space open
on night tables.
SEMI-FLUSH MOUNT
• Without the steep vertical space requirements
of pendants and chandeliers, a semi-flush
mount fixture may offer the same exquisite
styling in a more compact form.
• Hallways, single-story foyers, bedroom ceilings,
and other spaces where it is essential for easy
passage to be preserved below the fixture,
may be embellished by the more elaborate
possibilities these pieces offer over standard
flush mounts.
HELPFUL
TIP
Be sure that there is at least 2m of space
between the floor and the base of the fixture if
there will be foot traffic beneath.
IN FOYERS: Pendants should not hang lower
than 2.13m from the floor.
Add the length and width of the room in meter
to determine the suitable diameter/width of
the fixture in centimetres.
When it comes to kitchen islands: leave
approximately 75 – 80cm from the countertop
to the fixture base.
THE PICTURE LAMP
• Whether a treasured portrait, a prized
print, or a one-of-a-kind original artwork, an
outstanding wall hanging deserves worthy
illumination.
• Picture lamps come in a variety of lengths to
accommodate the width of the underlying
object.
In place of portable lamps, hang pendants so
the light can be cast from the same height
(approximately 1m off the floor).
FLUSH MOUNT
• Due to the fact that Flush- Mount’s illuminate
with little downward obtrusion, flush mount
fixtures are ideal for providing ambient
lighting in high-traffic areas, such as hallways.
• They work well as the ceiling centrepiece
where low-hanging fixtures would interrupt
functionality and flow. Areas that only require
one “layer” of lighting, such as closets and
laundry rooms, are also well-served by flush
mount fixtures.
• When rated for damp conditions, flush
mounts may provide important task lighting
in the shower or bath alcove.
HELPFUL
TIP
In hallways, semi-flush mounts should be
placed approximately every 2.5m.
HELPFUL
TIP
In hallways, flush mounts should be
placed approximately every 3m.
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BATH AND VANITY LIGHTING
Above the mirror fixtures can be mounted
horizontally at a height of 1.9 – 2m and
typically range in width from 60cm – 1.2m.
• Well-diffused lighting is necessary to avoid
shadowing or glare while performing
grooming tasks. Fixtures with milky, opaque
glass shades or clear glass shades pressed
with a prismatic surface spread light evenly
while preserving its intensity.
FOR TOP MOUNTED SCONCES:
• Choose a fixture whose width is approximately
75% of the mirror’s width.
• Consider using two smaller fixtures above an
especially wide mirror.
• No part of the fixture should extend beyond
the mirror’s width.
• Up-light fixtures may not be sufficient on
their own for bright facial illumination. A flush
mount with broad diffusing capability can be
placed above the vanity area if there is no
room to accommodate side-light.
• This fixture should provide the equivalent of
150 watts of incandescent lighting, and be
long enough to spread light evenly over your
face. Dimmer switches allow one to customize
the light’s intensity.
Side mounted sconces or verticallyoriented fixtures should be placed no less
than 70cm apart.
FOR SIDE MOUNTED SCONCES:
• Mount the back plate of a vertical, tubeshaped fixture at eye-level.
• The shade openings of glass down-lights
should sit slightly below eye-level.
• The shade openings of glass up-lights should
sit slightly above eye-level.
• If the mirror is centred above the sink, mount
fixtures just a few inches to the left and right
of the mirror – as close to the face as possible.
14
ISLAND LIGHTS
• Unlike paired and clustered pendants, island
lights provide a single fixture option for lighting
across the rectangular space of kitchen
countertops; or game tables.
• Rather than necessitating two or three wiring
boxes, as spaced pendants would, an island
light requires only one to wire a fixture capable
of illuminating a lengthy expanse.
• While bright task lighting above a game table
is necessary to facilitate play, the fixture may
also serve as the sole source of ambient light
and a visual centrepiece for the room. Fabric or
glass-shaded fixtures will deliver both task and
ambient light, while a metal shaded island light
will emit strictly downward facing light.
15
• Game tables need more space to ensure that
the base of the fixture doesn’t interfere with
play. Leave approximately 1.9m between the
fixture and game table
HELPFUL
TIP
Keep approximately 75cm of space
between the kitchen counter surface and
the fixture base.
PORTABLE FLOOR AND TABLE LAMPS
Outdoor
• When flexibility is paramount, portable lamps
may also create ambient, task, or accent lighting
to suit your design schematic. Whether standalone or table top variety, portable solve the
problem of limited wiring options that plague
existing construction. Moreover, because
portables are “plug and play”, you can indulge
design trends and choose bolder or more
whimsical pieces without being concerned
whether they will grow tiresome over time.
• Table Lamps should be placed so that their
shade bases are positioned approximately
1m off the floor. It is important to consider
the lamp’s size in proportion to the furniture
it will sit upon.
• On a desk, the lamp’s bulb should sit 40cm
above the work surface and at least 30cm
from the front of the desk.
• Floor lamps should be proportionate to
surrounding furniture. While the shade’s base
in most floor lamps is positioned at the same
height, some styles are sleeker and others
bulky. Think about the furniture that the lamp
will be positioned next to.
LIGHTING
• Outdoor lighting may be simplistic, while
subtle illumination or a striking feature in the
outside space. As with the bathroom area,
you need to ensure that you take into account
safety and IP ratings.
• Outdoor lighting is required to be at least
IP44, which ensures they are protected from
splashes and general wear and tear of the
outdoors.
• A variety of lighting is available for the outdoor
area, ranging from simple wall lights to stylish
path and post lights and decorative hanging
lights.
HELPFUL
TIP
16
Please note that when installing outdoor
lighting, all wiring must be protected and all
metalwork must be earthed. Where possible,
switches must be located indoors.
17
Bulb Sources Made Simple:
LIGHTING
Bulb Types
measurement
terms
• While we typically associate higher wattage
with brighter bulbs, such is not always the
case.
• There is a broad array of lighting options that
delivers more lumens or overall brightness,
than conventional incandescent of higher
wattage.
• Wattage merely refers to the amount of
electricity a bulb consumes.
• Modern day high-tech bulbs have greater
efficacy, or more lumens per watt, than
traditional bulbs. Therefore, bulbs with
greater efficacy allow us to increase a
fixture’s footcandles, or the total amount
of light that reaches its target, while
decreasing overall energy consumption.
G4 = 12V
G9 = 240V
XENON INCANDESCENT
Medium Base
• Whiter and brighter, xenon bulbs emit more
light per watt than standard incandescent
bulbs. Their miniature shape allows us to
create compact designs with uncompromised
illumination intensity.
• Unlike halogen bulbs xenon’s close cousin in
colour and brightness, xenon bulbs operate
at much lower temperatures.
• The substantially longer life rating of xenon
bulbs (up to 20,000 hours) is comparable to
that of fluorescents.
Candelabra Base
INCANDESCENT
The home has a signature hue, distinguished
from public spaces by its inviting warmth; which
envelops us each evening upon our return.
• Emitting yellow white light in all directions, the
classic cast of incandescent bulbs explains
their enduring popularity in residential
fixtures. Not only are the bulbs readily
available at nominal expense, they are offered
in a variety of shapes and wattages.
• Brightness can be customized by wattage
choice or with the use of a dimmer switch.
• Bulbs may be clear or frosted. Incandescent
bulbs are a familiar concept – they produce
light by means of a filament wire.
• Candelabrac
Base
decorative-style
incandescents are used in chandeliers, wall
sconces, semi-flush mounts and certain
pendants, and are available in a variety
of shapes – from tube to flame-tip – that
customize the finished look of the fixture.
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED)
• The most energy efficient and longest lasting
lamping option, we have begun incorporating
LEDs into decorative lighting fixtures.
• A 20 watt LED fixture can produce the same
lumens as a 180 watt incandescent one, but
use up to 90% less energy.
• LEDs, which come in small plastic capsules,
are clustered together to produce the desired
brilliance. Unlike most CFLs, LEDs can be
dimmed with an external electronic dimmer.
They give a warm light and last longer than
any other bulb.
Medium Base, standard-style incandescents
are used in many of our flush mount fixtures,
certain pendant pieces and sconces, as well
as portable lamps.
INCANDESCENT
WATTAGE
CFL
EQUIVALENT
APPROXIMATE
LUMENS
60 watt
13 – 15 watt CFL
800 lumens
40 watt
8 – 10 watt CFL
450 lumens
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TECHNICAL
FLUORESCENT
• Now offered in a range of colour temperatures,
fluorescents can deliver light that is cool and
white or warm and bright.
• Recent advances have produced fluorescent
light options that resemble the output of
incandescent bulbs – at five times the energy
efficiency! Not only do these bulbs consume
a fraction of the electricity of incandescents,
they last ten to twenty times as long. Most
of our fixtures will accept energy-efficient
fluorescent bulb options.
Compact Fluorescent, screw-in (CFLs):
With the same overall proportions as a standard
incandescent bulb, compact fluorescents
screw-in and can directly replace medium-base
and candelabra bulbs in a variety of fixtures and
portables.
HALOGEN LIGHTS
Halogen use around 20% less energy compared
to traditional incandescent bulbs. They are
made from high-grade glass that can tolerate
high temperatures, so they can become too hot
to touch. They tend to emit a cooler white light.
Colour Temperature:
Details
INGRESS PROTECTION (IP) RATINGS
• Ingress Protection ratings measure the degree of protection a light has against both particles and
water. Generally speaking, the higher IP rating, the more protected your light is. Lights that are to
be used in the bathroom or outdoors, need a high IP rating for safe use.
• IP rating is split into two parts – the first digit relates to the ingress of particles and ranges from 0
(no protection) to 6 (dust tight). The second digit refers to the ingress of moisture and ranges from
0 (no protection) to 8 (protection from complete submersion under pressure).
Use the chart below for reference when shopping for bathroom or outdoor lights.
Measured in Kelvin, a bulb’s colour temperature
determines whether its light appears “warm” or
“cool”. Note that higher colour temperatures
indicate a “cooler” tone of light. “Warm” light
appears more yellow in colour and has the
friendly feeling desired for home interiors.
Warm lighting typically ranges 2000 to 3000K.
IP rating – first digit
0 No special protection.
1 Protected against solid objects over 50mm (e.g. accidental touch by persons hands).
2 Protected against solid objects over 12mm (e.g. accidental touch by persons fingers).
3 Protected against solid objects over 2.5mm (e.g. tools and wires).
4 Protected against solid objects over 1mm (e.g. small wires).
5 Protected against limited dust ingress.
6 Dust tight.
T5 Ballasted bulbs:
Among the most energy efficient of fluorescent
options, these long-life bulbs are electronically
ballasted to allow fixtures to turn-on instantly
without humming.
IP rating – second digit
0 No special protection.
1 Protected against condensation.
2 Protected against direct sprays of water up to 15º from the vertical.
3 Protected against direct sprays of water up to 60º from the vertical.
4 Protected against water sprayed from any direction – splash-proof.
5 Protected against low pressure jets of water from all directions.
6 Protected against high pressure jets of water from all directions.
7 Protected from immersion between 15cm and 1m in depth.
8 Protected against long periods of immersion under pressure.
Remember that the minimum IP rating for both bathroom and outdoor lights is IP44.
T5 Florescent
CFL
Halogen
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57 Bofors Circle, Epping 2, Cape Town, 7460 | Phone: +27 21 534
3636info@illumina.co.za | www.illumina.co.za
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