Aerial Infrared (IR)
– An Asset Management Tool for
District Heating System Operators
Greg Stockton
Stockton Infrared Thermographic Services, Inc.
Infrared Thermography
What’s so hot about…
Infrared
Thermography?
General Overview
Infrared Thermography
Infrared Thermography
Infrared Thermography
Electrical P/PM
Infrared Thermography
*>241.2°F
240.0
220.0
200.0
180.0
160.0
140.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
*<67.0°F
Infrared Thermography
*>150.0°F
150.0
140.0
130.0
120.0
110.0
100.0
*<94.5°F
Infrared Thermography
Pad-Mounted Transformer
Infrared Thermography
Pad-Mounted
Transformer
Infrared Thermography
Max
143.9
Max
103.1
Infrared Thermography
*>107.9°F
105.0
100.0
95.0
90.0
85.0
80.0
75.0
*<71.9°F
Infrared Thermography
*>118.7°F
110.0
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
*<69.4°F
Infrared Thermography
Computer
Room
UPS
Systems
Infrared Thermography
*>42.9°C
42.0
40.0
38.0
36.0
34.0
32.0
30.0
*<29.3°C
Infrared Thermography
Micro Circuitry
Infrared Thermography
*>244.4°F
200.0
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
*<-4.0°F
Infrared Thermography
*>232.3°F
220.0
200.0
180.0
160.0
140.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
*<68.0°F
Infrared Thermography
Mechanical
P/PM
Infrared Thermography
*>147.5°F
140.0
130.0
120.0
110.0
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
*<68.6°F
Infrared Thermography
Plant #1
Air Wash #2
SupplyPump
Fan
Spray
High Temp = ____
122
Note: Ambient Readings should
Ambient = ____
79
be taken at the exact location
Rise = ____
43
onTemperature
the number indicator.
Spot 1
90.1
Spot 2
83.4
Infrared Thermography
Example
1-2-Spray Pump
DATE
June-00
July-00
August-00
September-00
October-00
November-00
December-00
January-01
February-01
March-01
April-01
May-01
June-01
High Temp.
125
129
133
148
196
225
246
142
138
139
141
142
139
Ambient Temp. Rise
Notes
87
38
88
41
89
44
90
58
92
104
95
130
95
151
Motor was rewound during shutdown
88
54
89
49
90
49
89
52
89
53
89
50
Temperature Rise
160
151
140
130
120
104
100
80
60
40
58
38
41
54
44
49
49
52
53
50
20
0
Jun-00
Jul-00
Aug-00
Sep-00
Oct-00
Nov-00
Dec-00
Jan-01
Feb-01
Infrared Thermography
Mar-01
Apr-01
May-01
Jun-01
Infrared Thermography
Spot 2
167.8
Spot 4
106.1
Spot 1
190.6
Spot 3
149.2
Infrared Thermography
Infrared Thermography
Brick Kilns
Infrared Thermography
*>224.4°F
220.0
200.0
180.0
160.0
140.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
*<50.5°F
Infrared Thermography
>248.0°F
240.0
220.0
200.0
180.0
160.0
140.0
120.0
Area
Max
241.8
100.0
80.0
60.0
Spot
117.9
<57.7°F
Infrared Thermography
RTOs (Recuperative Thermal Oxidizers)
Infrared Thermography
RTOs (Recuperative Thermal Oxidizers)
Infrared Thermography
Incinerators
Air Scrubbers
Wet Scrubbers
Gas Scrubbers
Infrared Thermography
Infrared Thermography
Infrared Thermography
Condensate Return
Line Leak
Infrared Thermography
Condensate Return Line Leak
Infrared Thermography
Infrared Thermography
Infrared Thermography
Typical Smokestack
A low quality repair
of a through-crack
Degradation of thermal
insulation
-3,7оС
+3,5oC
Infrared Thermography
Quantifying Air Leaks
Air in-leak acts as a heat sink
Tina
Observation
point ΔT
L
X
H
2HLKΔT
P=
a
a
Cρ X (Tin −Tout)
Wall average temperature
18.1oC
X=1.2 m
Touta
ΔT=1.8oC
P, m3/s
P=43 litres/hr
Infrared Thermography
Evaluating variations in wall thermal resistance
Assume that we measure the
temperature gradients ΔT on a
smokestack outer surface and determine
the corresponding variations in thermal
resistance ΔRt
hout
(1 +
+ hout Rt ) 2
hin
w
ΔRt =
ΔTout
a
a
hout (Tout − Tin )
Conclusion. The typical IR camera temperature resolution of 0.1oC is equivalent
to ΔRt=0.032 m2KW-1 (to compare to the total value Rt=1.37 m2KW-1 ) that is
much better than in the case of absolute measurement.
ΔT=1.8o
C
Example. A smokestack is made of two brick layers separated with an air gap
(Rt=1.37 m2KW-1). The ΔT=1.8oC surface temperature signal is equivalent to
ΔRt=0.33 m2KW-1 that can be explained by the destruction of the internal brick
layer and the gas infiltration into the air gap.
Infrared Thermography
Schematic Presentation of Smokestack
Reinforced concrete smokestack
Brick smokestack
+ΔT
Insulation
deficiency
-ΔT
Air in-leaks
Tnd
Infrared Thermography
Warm areas
correspond
to insulation
deficiencies.
Cold areas are created
by air in-leaks.
Smokestack Defect Map
Scale stairs
+40,0 m
D3 +4,7оС
Concrete strips
D4
о
о
о
- 2,7 С
+2.9 С
о
D13+3,3 С
D1 - 4,5 С
о
D5 +3,2 С
о
D8 - 5,0 С
о
- 2,7 С
о
D10 - 4,9 С
о
D12 - 3,2 С
о
- 1,9 С
о
D11 - 3,9 С
о
о
- 2,9 С
D6 - 4,7 С
D2
о
+1,3 С
о
D9 - 4,7 С
о
D11
- 1,5 С
D5
+1.2 С
о
D7
Local temperature drops (signal in degrees Celcius)
Local temperature elevations (signal in degrees Celcius)
Significant defects are marked in colors
Infrared Thermography
о
- 3С
Infrared Thermography
Infrared Thermography
Infrared Thermography
Aerial Infrared
Thermography
Infrared Thermography
Typical installations of infrared imaging and digital data systems
Infrared Thermography
Aerial Electrical Infrared
Infrared Thermography
Deer Counts
Infrared Thermography
Coal/Chip/Peat Pile Monitoring
Infrared Thermography
Landfill Fires
Infrared Thermography
Wide Area Thermal Mapping
Infrared Thermography
Cooling Lakes Thermal Profiles
Infrared Thermography
Power Plant Outfalls
Cooling
Tower
Discharge
Infrared Thermography
Industrial Outfalls
Infrared Thermography
Stormwater System Outfalls
Infrared Thermography
Stormwater System Outfalls
Infrared Thermography
Stormwater System Outfalls
Infrared Thermography
Roof Moisture Surveying
Photograph
Thermograph
CAD Drawing
Probable wet area (~15.72%)
Infrared Thermography
Possible wet area (NONE)
Roof Moisture Surveying
Infrared Thermography
Roof Moisture Surveying
Infrared Thermography
Roof Moisture Surveying
Infrared Thermography
Roof Moisture Surveying
Total area ~231.398 ft²
Infrared Thermography
Roof Moisture Surveying
Total area ~231.398 ft²
Infrared Thermography
Roof Moisture Surveying
Probable wet area (~39,609 ft², 17.11%)
Possible wet area (NONE)
Total area ~231.398 ft²
Infrared Thermography
Steam System Surveys
Overhead Steam Line
Infrared Thermography
Steam System Surveys
Insert PhotoShop images here of cities
Infrared Thermography
Steam System Surveys
Infrared Thermography
Steam System Surveys
Infrared Thermography
Steam System Surveys
Infrared Thermography
Steam System Surveys
Infrared Thermography
Steam System Surveys
Infrared Thermography
Steam System Surveys
Infrared Thermography
Steam System Surveys
Infrared Thermography
Steam System Surveys
Infrared Thermography
Steam System Surveys
Infrared Thermography
Thank You
For Your Kind
Attention!
Infrared Thermography
Aerial Infrared (IR)
– An Asset Management Tool for
District Heating System Operators
Greg Stockton
Stockton Infrared Thermographic Services, Inc.
Copyright 2007
All Rights Reserved.
Infrared Thermography