Grid Integration of Wind Energy in India
Challenges and Recommendations
1
Coverage
Background
Grid Integration of Wind Generators - India
◦ Key issues
◦ Recommendations
Summary
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Level of Wind Penetration-Denmark
Wind Energy
Penetration level Denmark
Percentage
50.00%
39.10%
40.00%
30.00%
18.80%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Year 2004
Year 2014
Source: Denmark Climate and Energy Ministry
• Year 2004:
Wind energy only contributed to 18.8% of the overall
electricity production
• Year 2014: 10 years later the Penetration level has more than doubled to 39.10%
• January 2014: In this month alone, power from wind made up 61.4% of the
Danes' electricity consumption.
• Denmark has shown what can be done!!!
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Current level of Wind Penetration - India
High level of Wind
Penetration (Energy
Consumption) in
States
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Tamil Nadu (~ 37%)
Rajasthan (~26%)
Karnataka (~25%)
Gujarat (~22%)
Maharashtra (~12%)
Source: NLDC-POSOCO
• Increasing penetration of wind energy - Share of WEGs as Percentage of installed
generation capacity Gujarat , Tamilnadu and Rajasthan is 18%, 40.5% and 26%
respectively
• During windy season, percentage share of Demand met constitutes ~ 20-25%
(35% in TN).
• With integrated regional Grid operations, intermittency or variability of wind
generation needs to be viewed from National perspective.
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Installed capacity (MW)
RE Penetration by 2022 (1/2)
1,20,000
1,00,000
1,00,000
80,000
60,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
22,500
3,000
0
2014
Wind
2022
Solar
Govt. plans for 60GW of wind capacity addition by 2022
Govt. plans for 100GW of Solar Capacity addition by 2022
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RE Penetration by 2022 (2/2)
RE Penetration level to go up from present level of 5% to
around 18 % by 2022.
RE Penetration level
(MU terms)
Installed capacity (MW)
2,00,000
15,000
1,60,000
18%
1,20,000
1,00,000
80,000
5%
7,500
3,000
22,500
40,000
0
60,000
2014
2014
Wind
2022
2022
Solar
Others
Assumption for projecting RE penetration level
100% unrestricted energy requirement by 2022 to be met through generation capacity addition (conventional+RE)
“no deficit” scenario assumed for projection purpose
Capacity of RE other than Wind & Solar assumed to double from present 7500 MW to 15000 MW by 2020
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Financing Large scale grid integration
in India (1/3)
Study conducted by PGCIL as part of Green Energy Corridor
estimates total Rs. 42,000 Crore investment in transmission for 40
GW RE evacuation.
Rs. 20,000 Crore for Intra-State TS strengthening
Rs. 22,000 Crore for Inter-State TS strengthening
Based on the same, for evacuation of
175 GW RE
added by 2022, an estimated around Rs.
capacity to be
1,85, 000 Crore
of
investment in transmission shall be required.
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Financing Large scale grid integration
in India (2/3)
Total RE installed capacity by 2022
1,75,000 MW
Total RE Investment requirement (estimated)
10,50,000 Cr
Additional Investment for RE evacuation investment
1,85,000 Cr
Total Investment requirement
12,35,000 Cr
Avg.Annual RE Capacity addition for 2015 to 2022 (8 years)
22,000 MW
Avg.Annual Investment for 2015 to 2022 (8 years)
1,55,000 Cr
160000
25000
24000
140000
23000
22000
120000
21000
100000
installed capacity MW
Investment in Rs Crore
Avg. Annual investment requirement
20000
2015
2016
2017
2018
Avg. Investment in RE Plants
Avg. Capacity Addition
2019
2020
2021
2022
Avg. Investment in RE Evacuation
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Financing Large scale grid integration
in India (3/3)
•
Huge
Investment
required
for
setting
up
RE
evacuation
infrastructure
•
Responsibility of creating adequate RE evacuation infrastructure
should apply on CTU & STUs as is the case with conventional
generators
•
However, with huge investment requirement in transmission, private
sector participation should be encouraged through appropriate
framework
Utilization of NCEF, issuance of green bonds by IREDA like agencies
Access to corporate bonds for STUs
Dedicated funding should be allocated as part of existing
programs, such as the government’s RGGVY or new green funds
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Aligning Grid Planning for RE
Grid strengthening and extension plans yet to give due focus to RE
evacuation
Central Level and State Level Transmission plans focus on evacuation of
conventional sources
High time that RE specific transmission plans are formulated
Green energy corridor study & CEA perspective plan 2030 – a welcome
initiative.
RE focused Grid planning at state level is the need of the hour
Key recommendations:
CEA level planning body to look after RE evacuation planning at national level
STUs should prepare a comprehensive 5-year transmission plan
State Grid Codes to be amended to include provisions of RE focused
transmission plan
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Increasing Grid Utilisation through
Wind-Solar Hybrid (1/3)
Hybrid systems optimizes grid infrastructure
requirement & associated cost
Shared grid infrastructure
Better Utilization of grid n/w
More stable/predictable power O/P
Low – variability related issues
Reduction in Grid management issues
Maximum Land Utilisation
Optimization of resources including cost
Wind-solar
hybrid
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Increasing Grid Utilisation through
Wind-Solar Hybrid (2/3)
Hybrid RE mechanism, can get a more consistent power generation
output that can be fed to the grid
Eases burden on system operation from difficulty of balancing for infirm
power
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Increasing Grid Utilisation through
Wind-Solar Hybrid (3/3)
Solar-Wind could be a Win – Win model which provide optimization on
multiple accounts and equally address the grid integration issues.
GOI to notify policy to encourage Solar-Wind Hybrid systems
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Enabling Forecasting & Scheduling
RRF mechanism provides for forecasting and scheduling requirements
Key Issues in implementation of RRF mechanism
Centralized Vs Decentralized Forecasting
Centralized Vs Decentralized Scheduling
No appropriate institution to manage and facilitate the mechanism
Extent of socialization of cost of deviation and sharing
Incentive for forecasting accuracy
Key recommendations:
Need Decentralized forecasting and Centralized Scheduling
State level Renewable Energy Management Centre (SREMC)
Incentive for forecasting accuracy
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Institutional Set up enabling
Forecasting & Scheduling (1/2)
Schedule &
Point of
deviation
measurement
Regional level/Central level
NLDC/RLDC
Point of
Forecasting &
Penalty
/Incentive
distribution
Consolidated
Forecast &
schedule at
State level
Consolidated
Forecast &
schedule at
State level
States 1 to n
SREMC-1
SREMC-n
Forecasting
Forecasting
Scheduling
CA-1
Scheduling
SLDC
Forecasting
/ Schedule
Wind Farm-1, 2..n
CA-n
SLDC
Forecasting
/ Schedule
Wind Farm-1, 2..n
Other State pool
participants &
generation schedule
Other State pool
participants &
generation schedule
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Institutional Set up enabling
Forecasting & Scheduling (2/2)
•
Features of proposed mechanism
Within 30% deviation from schedule socialized among pool
participants
Deviation > 30% to be borne by Generators
However, point of measurement of deviation shall be at SREMC
level and not at Pooling station level.
This practice reduces the absolute quantum of deviation to a large
extent.
Deviation penalty / incentive collection/disbursement to individual
WTG to be done by CA (Coordinating Agency)
Proposed mechanism shall lessen the impact of deviations on the WTGs
compared to the present RRF mechanism
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Summary of Recommendations
Private participation in Transmission Infrastructure Development
Access to sufficient funds for RE evacuation - for utilization by STU/private
Grid Planning to be aligned for RE
CEA level planning body to take care RE
STUs to prepare comprehensive plans
Stage Grid codes to be amended
Solar-Wind Hybrid and its benefits to be exploited through suitable policy
RRF mechanism to be reviewed to reduce ambiguity and to reduce
commercial risk level of WTGs
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THANK YOU
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