Updated
p
Renewable Energy
gy
Policies : Case of Thailand
Dr. Twarath Sutabutr
Deputy DirectorDirector-General
Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency
2013
0 3 International
e a o a Conference
Co e e ce on
o Alternative
e a e Energy
e gy in Development
e e op e
Countries and Emerging Economies (2013 AEDCEE)
30 May 2013
P ll
Pullman
Hotel,
H t l Bangkok,
B
k k Thailand
Th il d
1
Content
1.
Thailand Energy
gy at a Glance
2
2.
3.
4.
5.
Alternative Energy
gy Development
p
Plan
(AEDP) and Some Updated Policies
Policy Supports for Wind Projects
Some Thoughts on “Small-Wind”
Key Take-Aways
2
1
Thailand Energy at a Glance
Black Out in The South of Thailand
Thailand’s Energy situation in 2012
Total Energy Consumption in 2012 = 73,316 ktoe
Final energy consumption by economic sector
Commercial
Agriculture
Residential
Industry
Transportation
Total Energy Use
2.0 million barrels
(oil equivalent) per day
=
1.9 trillion baht
Energy
gy import
p
value in 2012 = 1.125 trillion baht
(Sharing 18% of GDP)
=> 77% of import value = Crude Oil
5
Thailand’s Energy Situation in 2012
P
Proportion
i
off IImport and
dD
Domestic
i P
Production
d
i
Domestic production
Domestic production
15
Crude oil
927
85
Petrolium
Products
99
40
51
96
0
136
26
49
Electricity
10
1
74
Natural Gas
Coal
Import
p
Value
(103 million baht)
Import
4
12
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Import 81% of oil consumption
Import 56% of overall energy
demand
Total
1 125
1,125
6
Thailand’s Electricity Situation 2012
Over-reliance on Natural Gas Supply : Key Risk Area
100%
80%
Natural GAS
60%
Fuel Oil
Coal
40%
20%
Hydro
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007*
0%
Renewable energy 6.5%
Fuel oil/Diesel 0.6%
Coal/Lignite 19.8%
Natural gas 73.1%
73 1%
Power generation 2012
by energy sources
7
Thailand Electricity Load Profile
8
Import Electricity form neighbors
CHINA
Capacity : 694
694,,000 MW
Sources : wikipedia.org
MYANMAR
Capacity : 39
39,,720 MW
Souces : Ministry of Power, India
LAO PDR
Capacity : 26
26,,000 MW
Sources : United Nations
CAMBODIA
Capacity : 10,
10,000 MW
Sources : European Commission
9
Thailand’s Transmission
System
y
(30 April
p 2012)
2012)
• Installed Generation Capacity: 31,000MW
• Substations: 211
• Transformers: 84,630 MVA
• Length: 30,840 Circuit-kilometers
Area of Recent
Blackout
((14 Southern
Provinces) – 1st
time in 35 years
10
Thailand Electricity Challenges
‰ Increased and fluctuated world oil/gas price
‰ Limited petroleum reserved
Æ needs to import 85 % of supply
‰ 70% of electricity supply depends on Natural Gas
(LNG-very expensive)
‰ Lacking
L ki
off public
bli acceptance
t
on Energy
E
projects
j t
Æ affects long
g term energy
gy security
y
11
2
Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP)
and
dS
Some U
Updated
d t dP
Policies
li i
Renewable Energy Policies
• Critical Factors of Renewable Energy
Dissemination :
1 Government policies on “Target
1.
Target & Incentives
Incentives”
2 How much the existing “National
2.
National Grid
Grid” can
take up RE-power
RE power
3 “Grid
3.
“G id P
Parity”
it ” : RE C
Costt vs. El
ElectricityTariff
t i it T iff
How we count RE….
Power Generation 1.3 %
(Solar/Wind/Biomass
/MSW/Biogas)
F il fuels
Fossil
f l
Renewable Energy
& Traditional Biomass
Imported
Hydro power
Small Hydro
Power 0.1%
Heat 6.9%
(Solar/Biomass
/MSW/Biogas)
Large
Hydro power
Biofuels 1.6%
Traditional RE 10.5%
Renewable
Energy
(under AEDP)
99%
9.9
Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP)
Committed to the development
of low-carbon society
Government
Funding
On R & D & D
Activities
Private-Led
Investment
10 years Alternative EnergyDevelopment Plan (AEDP-Master
Pl
Plan
2012 2021)
2012-2021)
Target 25 % of RE (excl. Large Dams, Imported Hydro & Traditional Biomass)
in Total Energy Consumption By 2021
Hydro power plant
New energy
Ocean
& Tidal
2 MW
solar
wind
Geothermal
1 MW
3 MW
2,000
MW
1,200
MW
3,200
,
MW
Sm
all
Mi
cro
324
MW
PumpedStorage
1,284 MW
Biofuels
Bio-energy
biomass
Bio-gas
MSW
3,630
MW
600 MW
160
MW
1,608 MW
4,390 MW
Excl. Large
Dams &
Imported Hydro
Excl. Traditional
Biomass
Ethanol
9
ML/day
Biodiesel
2nd –Gen.
Biofuels
5 97
5.97
25
ML/day
ML/day
Renewable fuel 44%
Renewable energy potential
RE P
Potential
t ti l
Natural
• Solar
• Hydro
• Wind
Crop
• Sugar cane
(Molasses)
• Cassava
• Palm
Waste
• Agricultural
• Industrial
• Municipal solid
waste (MSW)
wind
Solar
Ethanol
& biodiesel
Salween river
= 15,000 MW
*Total realizable potentials for RE in ASEAN‐
*Total realizable potentials for RE in ASEAN‐6 6 countries
countries
, by technology to 2030 , by technology to 2030 ; IEA ; IEA 2010
2010
Biomass
& biogas
Mae Khong
= 10,000
10 000 MW
16
Renewable Energy Policy
Measure for RE Promotion
Offices giving licenses
ONEP
EIA
BOIInvestment Incentives
Supports f
from the th
Ministry of Energy
DEDE
1
2
DEDE
3
• Renewable energy maps
• Data from
Data from demonstration demonstration
site
•Renewable energy potential info
DEDE
• ESCO Venture Capital Fund ESCO V
C i lF d
EPPO
5
• Future change of “Adder” to Feed‐in Tariff (FIT) Policy
4
Local
Admin
Licenses
Technical
h i l support
Subsidy request
• Investment Grant
1. Biogas
2. Solar hot water
3. MSW
• “Energy Soft Loan”
Revolving funds for Renewable energy and energy conservation ERCDIW
Private
Investor
Banks
Carbon
credit
sale
loan
CDM
- Firm
- Non Firm
Adder/
dd / FIT
(pending)
Electricity
El
i i
authorities
Consumers
17
AEDP targets and Current Situations
Types
Units
Goal
2021
Current Capacity
March 2013
Electricity
MW
ktoe
9,201
3,032
,
MW
Solar
MW
2,000
486.30
Wind
MW
1,200
215.18
Small Hydro
MW
1 608
1,608
101 75
101.75
Biomass
MW
3,630
1,988.85
Biogas
MW
600
196.95
MSW
MW
160
42 72
42.72
Ktoe
9,335
4,882 Ktoe
Solar
Ktoe
100
4.0
Biomass
Ktoe
8 200
8,200
4 342
4,342
Biogas
Ktoe
1,000
458
MSW
Ktoe
35
78
ML/day
ML/d
Ktoe
39 97
39.97
5 2 ML/day
5.2
ML/d
Ethanol
ML/day
9
2.3
Biodiesel
ML/day
5.97
2.8
Heating
Bi f l
Biofuel
Total RE (ktoe)
7,294
Now 9.9% of RE in Total Energy Consumption
3
Thailand’s Energy situation in 2012
Installed Capacity of RE power generation
Fossil Fuel
28,140 MW
Biogas
Imported Hydro
2 185 MW
2,185
Large Hydro Power
3,406 MW
Renewable Energy
2,786 MW
Biomass
Solar
MSW
Small Hydro Power
Wind
MW
RE
RE On-grid Power Plants Map
North
Total 1,458 MW
- Large Hydro = 1,279 MW
- Biomass
= 110 MW
- Mini hydro = 40 MW
- Solar
= 24 MW
- Geothermal = 0.3 MW
- Biogas
= 5 MW
South
Total 430 MW
- Large Hydro = 312 MW
- Biomass
= 48 MW
- Mini hydro = 4 MW
- Solar
= 0.1 MW
- Biogas
= 47 MW
- Wind
= 2 MW
- MSW
= 17 MW
Northeast
Total 1,377 MW
- Large Hydro = 737 MW
- Biomass
= 352 MW
- Mini hydro = 24 MW
- Solar
= 120 MW
- Biogas
= 51 MW
- Wind
= 180 MW
Central
Total 1,606 MW
- Large
g Hydro
y
= 1,078
,
MW
- Biomass
= 241 MW
- Mini hydro = 13 MW
- Solar
= 230 MW
- Biogas
g
= 43 MW
- Wind
= 0.1 MW
- MSW
= 1 MW
Some Policies Updated
1
1.
Commitment on Renewable Energy;
•
New PDP 2013 Î focus more on RE
•
Grid Expansion Î 500 kV in both North-Eastern
Possible New
500 kV Lines
and Southern Routes, leading to “More
Grid-Capacity” to take up more RE
projects.
projects
•
2.
EGAT Demonstration Projects
FiT-scheme is still under discussion. Adderscheme is still very much valid, esp. for
Wind.
3.
Shifting in Incentives Programs Î More for
“Community or Household-scaled”
P j t i.e.
Projects,
i Solar-PV
S l PV Rooftop
R ft and
dN
Napier
i
Grass Biogas Digestor.
4
4.
Renewable Energy Committee (existing since
July 2010)
Under
Study
EGAT’s Renewable Energy Demonstration Plan
Unit: MW
Renewable Energy
Pumped
Hydroelectric Storage
Dam
2011--2015
2011
-
2016--2020
2016
2021--2030
2021
500
-
(1 Project)
Total
500
(1 Project)
104.5
52.6
42
199.1
(12 Projects)
(10 Projects)
(12 Projects)
(34 Projects)
Wind
21
50
120
191
(2 Projects)
(1 Project)
(4 Projects)
(7 Projects)
Solar
5.5
0.5
40
46
(2 Project)
P j t)
(1 Project)
P j t)
(4 Projects)
P j t )
(7 Projects)
P j t )
3.75
15
18.75
(2 Projects)
(2 Projects)
(4 Projects)
606
606..85
217
954
954..9
Municipal
Solid Waste
Total
-
131
22
Procedure of SPP Power Purchase
SPP Regulations Announcement
SPP Firm submits
Bid Bond @500 Bt/kW
SPP NF Renewables
requesting Adder
submits Bid Bond
@200 Bt/kW
(to return after COD)
EGAT Announcement for SPP Power Purchase
SPP Submission of Proposal to EGAT
EGAT/PEA/MEA: Feasibility Study for Grid Connection
90 days
SPP Renewables
Renew. Committee
Consent
EGAT Issuance of Letter of Intent for Power Purchase
SPP Renewables
SPP Firm RE submits
1. Performance Bond
2. EIA Report
SPP NF submits EIA
report (required by
Thai Laws)
Renew. committee
approval
pp
within 2 years
PPA Execution
between
EGAT
EGAT and
SPP sign
PPAand SPP
SPP COD Commencement
SCOD as
specified in
the PPA
3
Policy Supports for Wind Projects
Policy Support for Wind Projects
Policy Supports
Land Regime esp. for Foreign
1.
Investor
•
BoI (Land ownership: Cha-note)
•
Sor-Por-Kor
Sor
Por Kor (Rights within the
Agri-Land Reform) & Sor-Por-Kor
4-01 (Leasing Rights/Titles)
2. Maps
•
Macro-Scale Wind Map & Data
from Ground Station
Potential Area
•
Micro-Scale Maps
3. Data from Demonstration Projects
Wind Energy
2012 Installed Wind Power = 7.28 MW
Targeted in 2021 Î 1,200 MW
Proposals to Invest (as of May 2012)
SPP (10-90
(10 90 MW) = 1,606.1 MW
-SPP
- VSPP (<10 MW) = 36.25 MW
Tropical
Wind
26
Thai Wind Maps & Ground Stations
23 Wi
Wind
d stations
t ti
att 90 m height
h i ht
45 Wind stations at 40 m height
Potential Sites
Microscale wind map in Thailand
((ongoing
g
gp
project)
j
)
Zone 1
Zone 2
9 9
Zone 8
Zone 9
Zone 15
Zone 10
Zone 6
Zone 12
ƒ Micro scale wind map
p:
200X200 meter (on process)
ƒ 15 zones
5 zones
Zone 11
Zone 14
Zone 3
9
Zone 13
 Done
Zone 7
Zone 5
9 9
Z
Zone
4
11
Data from Demonstration Projects
Hua Sai Project @ Nakornsritammarat
Installation 1,500
,
kw
%CF
25
20
15
2009
2010
2011
10
5
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
4
Some Thoughts
g
on “Small-Wind”
4. Low-Speed WTG : Vertical vs. Horizontal Design
31
Leam Chabang Port Project
5
Conclusions & Key Take-Aways
Key Take-Aways
1. Introduction to Thailand and
Thailand’s Energy Sector
2 Thailand
2.
Th il d has
h L/T goall as wellll
as supporting policies for RE
REinvestment.
6
Introduction to Thailand’s Ministry of
Energy
Ministry of Energy
Energy Regulatory Commission
Mr. Pongsak Ruktapongpisal
MINISTER of ENERGY
Government Agency
Office of the Mi i
Minister
Department of Mi
Mineral Fuels
lF l
Office of the Permanent Office
of the Permanent
Secretary
Department of Alternative E
Energy Development and D l
d
Efficiency
Energy Policy and Planning Office
Department of p
Energy Business
Nuclear Power Plant Development Office
Public Organization
Energy
gy
Fund Administrative
Institute
State Owned Enterprise State
Owned Enterprise
and Public Company
Regional Energy Offices/
Provincial Energy Offices
EGAT
PTT
36
Specialist
Renewable Energy
Director General
(Mr.Amnuay Thongsathitya)
Energy Efficiency
Internal Auditing Group
Supporting
Deputy Director
General
(Dr.Twarath Sutabutr)
y Bureau of Energy Research
y Bureau of Alternative Energy Development
p
y Bureau of Solar Energy
Development y Bureau of Biofuel Development y Bureau of Energy Regulation and
Conservation
y Bureau of Energy Efficiency gy
y
Promotion
y Bureau of Human Resource
Development
y Bureau of Technology Transfer gy
and Dissemination
y Bureau of Central Administration
y Bureau of Central Administration
y Alternative Energy and Efficiency Alternative Energy and Efficiency
IT Center y Administrative System Development Group
37
Vision
“To be the knowledge-based organization and the center for
sustainable development of alternative energy and energy
conservation”
Mission
“To develop, promote, and support sustainable clean energy
production and consumption in areas as appropriate, to
develop clean energy technology for commercial purpose in
domestic and international market, and to create energy
knowledge-based
knowledge
based network society for economic stability and
sustainability of social well-beings.
Authorities and functions
ƒ Ministerial Regulations on Government Organization
Structure 2008
ƒ Energy
Ene g De
Development
elopment and P
Promotion
omotion Act 1992
ƒ Energy Conservation Promotion Act 1992
(amended in 2007)
38
www.dede.go.th
39
7
Back-Ups
p : SPP & VSPP Contracting
g Regulations
g
Types of Renewables SPP
Types of Renewables SPP
• ค 1 (Kaw 1):
(
) Non‐Conventional Energy e.g. Wind Turbine, Solar Energy, Mini gy g
,
gy,
Hydro etc.
Non-Firm Only !!
• ค 2 (Kaw 2):
2 (Kaw 2): Combustible Fuels from
Combustible Fuels from
2.1 Agricultural Waste or Wastes Agri. and Industrial Products.
2.2 Processed Materials from 2.1 above.
. Processed Materials from . above.
2.3 Municipal Solid Waste.
Firm or Non-Firm
2.4 Forestry Firewood.
Fossil fuels supplemented must not exceed 25%, otherwise as being cogeneration plant SPP, primary energy saving (PES) obligation is imposed.
• ค 3 (Kaw 3):
3 (Kaw 3): Residue Energies
Residue Energies
3.1 Waste Heat e.g. Steam from Agri. and Industrial Processes.
3 2 Waste Heat from Engine
3.2
Waste Heat from Engine
Firm or Non-Firm
3.3 Residual Energy e.g. Mechanical Power from Pressure Reduction Process.
SPP Renewables Contract
SPP Renewables Contract
SPP Regulations
Firm Renewables
Non-Firm
Non
Firm Renewables
Contracted Capacity
>10 - 90 MW
>10 - 90 MW
Contract Term
20 25 yrs
20-25
5 yrs and Continue.
Continue
Fuel Type
Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy
Conditions
Supplementary Fuels
< 25%
<=
Supplementary Fuels
<= 25%
Price Structure: SPP Renewable Energy
Firm
Non‐firm
Non
firm
CP + EP + FS + REP + Adder
Wholesale Tariff @11
Tariff @11‐33
33 kV + Ft + Adder
kV + Ft + Adder
CP
=
Capacity Payment
(rate in Bt/kW/month)
EP
=
Energy Payment
(rate in Bt/kWh)
FS
=
Fuel Saving
(rate in Bt/kWh)
REP
=
Renewable Energy Promotion (rate in Bt/kWh)
Add
Adder
=
Add for
Adder
f Renewables
R
bl
( t iin Bt/kWh)
(rate
Adder for Renewable Energies
Adder for Renewable Energies
July 2010
– Present
March
M
h 2009
– July
J l 2010
Renewable Energy Type
Adder Rate
For 3 Southernmost Provinces + 4 Districts in Songkhla
No. of
(Baht/kWh)
Extra Adder
Total Adder
Year
<= 1 MW
0.50
1.00
1.50
7
>1 MW
0.30
1.00
1.30
7
<= 1 MW
0.50
1.00
1.50
7
> 1 MW
0.30
1.00
1.30
7
Mini-Hydro
<50 kW
1.50
1.00
2.50
7
Mini-Hydro
50-200 kW
0.80
1.00
1.80
7
MSW
Digestion or Land-filled
2 50
2.50
1 00
1.00
3 50
3.50
7
Thermal Process
3.50
1.00
4.50
7
<= 50 kW
4.50
1.50
6.00
10
> 50 kW
3.50
1.50
5.00
10
8.00
6.50
1.50
9.50
8.00
10
Biomass
Biogas
Wind
Solar (PV)
Thailand ESI: Enhanced Single Buyer
Thailand ESI: Enhanced Single Buyer
Tariffs
Feed-in Tariff PPA
Foreign (Firm, Non-Firm)
Bidding Competition before
signing long-term
long term PPA
(3%)
≤10 MW
G
VSPPs
( 1%)
(<1%)
T
SPP
(10%)
EGAT Transm. Syst. / S. O.
‘Account Unbundling’
and ‘Ring Fencing’
MEA
(32%)
D
TOU Wholesale Rate + Ftw
C
IPP
(42%)
EGAT
(4 %)
(45%)
>10~90 MW
TOU Retail Rate + FtR
End
Users
NEPC
EPPO/
DEDE
ERC
etc.
PEA
(66%)
End
Users
G
Gov’t
Direct
Customers
P li B h
Policy Benchmarking
ki
1990
** 1991 StrEG
*
1995
Kyoto Protocoll
2000
SPP
**
EEG **
** 2000
Directive
R.E. : 25%
No Limited Entry for R.E.
Competitive Subsidy
for R.E. SPP
2001/77/EC
2005
2010
** 2004 EEG
RPS
**
** 2009 EEG
* First Commencement of COD
SPP Renewables
VSPP
Tariff+ Adder
*
Net Metering
**
<1MW: Net Metering
1→10 MW
Tariff+ Adder
** Key Changes or Additions in Regulation
Renewables Promotion Mechanisms
bl
h
RPS
FIT
FIT
‘ dd ’
‘Adder’ Repelling ‘Avoided Cost’
ll ‘
d d
’
C
Cogeneration
ti
Cogeneration
Renewables
Renewables
Unbundling
g of Incentive Schemes.
Procedure of SPP Power Purchase
SPP Regulations Announcement
SPP Firm submits
Bid Bond @500 Bt/kW
SPP NF Renewables
requesting Adder
submits Bid Bond
@200 Bt/kW
(to return after COD)
EGAT Announcement for SPP Power Purchase
SPP Submission of Proposal to EGAT
EGAT/PEA/MEA: Feasibility Study for Grid Connection
90 days
SPP Renewables
Renew. Committee
Consent
EGAT Issuance of Letter of Intent for Power Purchase
SPP Renewables
SPP Firm RE submits
1. Performance Bond
2. EIA Report
SPP NF submits EIA
report (required by
Thai Laws)
Renew. committee
approval
pp
within 2 years
PPA Execution
between
EGAT
EGAT and
SPP sign
PPAand SPP
SPP COD Commencement
SCOD as
specified in
the PPA
Criteria to Justify Issuance of Letter of Intent
for Power Purchase from Renewables
1 Specific connection point.
2 Specific SCOD.
3 Grid network can receive power as per SCOD.
4 Technical consent from EGAT.
5 Security is provided.
6 Feasible project plans.
Fuel sufficiency (identification of sources and
7 management – for biomass.
8
Evidence of land right – for wind.
Criteria to Justify PPA Execution
1
Letter of Intent for Power Purchase.
2
Technical consent from EGAT.
Readiness on 4 aspects.
3
- Land right
g acquisition
q
- Source of fund
- Technology supply
- Licenses (as required by laws).
4
Agreement on system upgrade costs (if any).
5
EIA granted.
6
Performance Bond (for SPP Firm).
SPP Status
(as of April 2013)
Description
p
Firm
Non-Firm
Total
1. SPP in Operation
- Numbers of SPP
- Contracted Capacity (MW)
50
2,804.6
22
656.923
72
3,461.523
2. SPP with PPA Execution
- Numbers of SPP
- Contracted Capacity (MW)
45
4,050.0
7
490.00
52
4,540.0
3. SPP under
3
d C
Consideration
id
ti
- Numbers of SPP
- Contracted Capacity (MW)
5
382.0
17
899.0
22
1,281.0
Total
- Numbers of SPP
- Contracted Capacity (MW)
100
7,236.6
46
2,045.923
146
9,282.523
SPP Status by Fuels
(as April 2013)
Under Consideration
Fuels/Technologies
LOI for Power
Purchases
(In Waiting for PPA)
PPA Execution
(Under Construction)
In Operation
No. of
SPP
Contracted
Capacity (MW)
No. of
SPP
Contracted
Capacity (MW)
No. of
SPP
Contracted
Capacity (MW)
No. of
SPP
Contracted
Capacity (MW)
1. Solar
6
381.00
-
-
1
30.00
1
55.00
2. Biogas
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3. Biomass
4
131.00
1
90.00
1
22.00
3
46.70
4. MSW
5
330.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
5. Hydropower
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6. Wind
7
555.00
5
410.00
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
656.15
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
250.7
22
1,397
6
500
2
52.00
37
1,008.55
Renewables
7. Others
1/
Mixed Fuels
1. Mixed Fuels 2/
Total
Notes:
1/
2/
Black Liquor, Waste Gas and Gas Byproduct from Crude Oil Production Process
Waste Gas from Industry
Industry, Fuel Oils+ Coal
Coal, Coal + Black Liquor
Liquor, and Coal + Eucalyptus
Typical Supports for Renewables (1)
l
f
bl ( )
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Quota System (Renewable Portfolio Standard)
Renewables Tender
Hard to set requirements.
Green Power Program/Market
Unnecessary business risk.
Public R&D
Surcharges to Fossil Fuels
Production Tax Credits
Investment Tax Credits
Soft Loan
Whose Funds?
Feed‐in Tariffs/Premiums
Effective, direct to output
Considerations: Who pay? Who gain? How directly
on indirectly) incentives impact to?
Ref. : Prof. Dr.-Ing. Christoph Menke (JGSEE)
T i lS
Typical
Supports
t for
f Renewables
R
bl (2)
Government Pays
Support/Price
S
/P i S
Set
by Authorities
Amount Set by
Market
Support/Price Set
by Market
Amount Set by
Authorities
Investment Aid
Tax Support
Customers Pay
FeedFeed
-In Tariffs
(fixed or premiums)
Tendering
Quotas + Green
Certificates
Thailand ESI: Dispatching Regimes
Thailand ESI: Dispatching Regimes
Fully
Dispatchable
G
Droop and AGC
or
Firm
Non-Firm
Month-Ahead Fixed Dispatch No Dispatch
VSPPs
T
EGAT
G
Gen.
IPP
SPP
EGAT Transm. Syst. / S. O.
MEA
D
PEA
No Dispatch
C
End
Users
End
Users
Direct
Customers
G
O
V
E
R
N
M
E
N
T
Thailand Private Power Producers
Thailand Private Power Producers
IPP (Independent Power Producer)
•
•
•
Large producers, typically 350‐3,645 MW.
Whole produced electricity sold to EGAT
Whole produced electricity sold to EGAT.
Divestiture from EGAT, or BOO.
SPP (Small Power Producer)
•
•
•
>10~90 MW sold to EGAT with any installed capacity. Either renewable energy or cogeneration
Either renewable energy or cogeneration. Connection point: any EGAT, MEA or PEA system.
VSPP (Very
(V
Small
S
ll Power
P
Producer)
P d
)
•
•
•
≤10 MW sold to MEA or PEA.
Either renewable energy or cogeneration.
Either renewable energy or cogeneration.
Incentive in the past: net metering.
2550 Regulation
SPP Firm: CP (1)
( )
Payment = CP + EP + FS + REP + Adder
CP = CP
CP_Rate
R t * BC
CP Rate = CPBase * (FX/37
CP_Rate
(FX/37*0.5+0.5)
0.5+0.5)
CP_Rate and CPBase are specified in Baht/kW/Month
FX= Foreign Exchange in Baht/USD
FX
Type
CPBase (Bt/kW/Month)
Cogen.
g
NG
383.66
Cogen. Coal
624.34
R.E.
624.34
If SPP terminates PPA before the term of contract ends, CP shall be recalled in associating to the actual period of term of contract.
2550 Regulation
SPP Firm: EP (1)
( )
Payment = CP + EP + FS + REP + Adder
EP = EP_Rate * kWh
T
Type
EP R t
EP_Rate
Cogen. NG
1.70+(PriceNG – 209.4531) /1,000,000 * HRNG
C
Cogen.
C
Coall
0 88+(FX*P i Coal – 1,930.475)
0.88+(FX*Price
1 930 475) /26
/26,587,700
587 700 * HRCoal
R.E.
0.88+(FX*PriceCoal – 1,930.475) /26,587,700 * HRCoal
NG Price announced by PTT
)
Coal Price byy ((ABARE+BJ:JPU)/2
HRNG = 8,000 BTU/kWh
HRCoal = 9,600 BTU/kWh
SPP: Firm FS, REP and Adder
d dd
Payment = CP + EP + FS + REP + Adder
FS = FS_Rate
FS Rate * kWh
REP = REP_Rate * kWh
Adder = Adder_Rate * kWh
FS_Rate, REP_Rate and Adder_Rate are quoted in Bt/kWh.
Type
Fuel Saving
REP Rate
REP_Rate
Adder
FS0
FS_Rate
Cogen. NG
0.36
FS0*PES/10
0
0
Cogen. Coal
0.36
FS0*PES/10
0
0
R.E.
0.36
FS0
0.39
Get Adder
PES stands for Primary Energy Saving determined to cogeneration process. Assessment
formula is identical to VSPP’s PES. And, FS_Rate shall not exceed FS0.
Wholesale Rate and Ft
h l l
d W
(Baht/kWh)
Wholesale Rate
Voltage Level
Peak Period
Off-Peak
Ft
22.0173
0173
2.0198
3.6781
3.8548
-0.0167
0 0167
-0.0167
-0.0167
-0.0167
0.0167
(Mon.-Fri. 9:00-22:00
except Holidays)
230 kV
230 kV (69-115 kV)
69-115 kV
11-33
11
33 kV
33.0227
0227
3.2504
3.6781
3.8548
Power Factor Charge
18.68 Baht/kVAr/month on those kVAr in excessive extent to power factor of 0.875 (Lagging)
Separate Tax Declaration
Thailand VSPP: Payment (2)
h l d
( )
VSPP Payment: Renewable Energy (Sell ≤1 MW)
(Net Metering Concept)
PEA / MEA
VSPP
Sell > Buy
y
Wholesale Rate (average all
voltage levels) + Ftw+Adder
Sell > Buy
y
Wholesale Rate (11-33
kV) + Ftw +Adder
Retail Rate
(Normal) + FtR
Retail Rate
(TOU) + FtR
Retail Rate
(Normal) + FtR
Retail Rate
(TOU) + FtR
Separate Tax Declaration
Thailand VSPP: Payment (3)
h l d
( )
VSPP Payment: Renewable Energy (Sell 1~6 MW)
(Net Metering Concept)
PEA / MEA
VSPP
Sell > Buy
y
Wholesale Rate (average all
voltage levels)+Ftw+Adder*
Sell > Buy
y
Wholesale Rate (11-33
kV) + Ftw +Adder*
Retail Rate
(Normal) + FtR
Retail Rate
(TOU) + FtR
Retail Rate
(Normal) + FtR
Retail Rate
(TOU) + FtR
*7~10-Year Adder calculated on net energy before 2% deducted.
Thailand VSPP: Payment (4)
h l d
( )
VSPP Payment: Renewable Energy (Sell >6 MW)
(Net Metering for Adder)
PEA / MEA
Sell > Buy
y
Wholesale Rate (average all
voltage levels)+Ftw+Adder*
Wholesale Rate (average
all voltage levels) + Ftw
VSPP
Retail Rate
(Normal) + FtR
Sell > Buy
y
Wholesale Rate (11-33
kV) + Ftw +Adder*
Wholesale Rate
(11-33 kV) + Ftw
Retail Rate
(TOU) + FtR
*7~10-Year Adder calculated on net energy before 2% deducted.
Bi
Biomass Energy Prices and Migration
E
Pi
d Mi
i
Bi
Biom
ass E
Energy P
Prices
i
Oil_Based
5.0
Firm_2541
Firm_2550
4.0
?
Non-Firm
VSPP
3.0
2.0
1.0
Oil-based
Gas-based
Adder
J an 0
9
J an 0
8
J an 0
7
J an 0
6
J an 0
5
J an 0
4
J an 0
3
J an 0
2
J an 0
1
J an 0
0
J an 9
9
J an 9
8
00
0.0
2007--2009
2007
2009:: SPP NonNon-Firm ((162
162..5 MW) + SPP Firm (16
(16..3 MW) → VSPP
Wi d d S l E
Wind and Solar Energies Price
i Pi
Wind Energy Prices
Oil_Based
7.0
Firm_2541
6.0
Firm_2550
Non-Firm
5.0
VSPP
4.0
3.0
20
2.0
1.0
Solar Energy Prices
J an 0
9
Oil_Based
_
12.0
Firm_2541
Firm_2550
10.0
Non-Firm
8.0
VSPP
6.0
4.0
2.0
J an 0
9
J an 0
8
J an 0
7
J an 0
6
J an 0
5
J an 0
4
J an 0
3
J an 0
2
J an 0
1
J an 9
9
0.0
J an 9
8
Adder is Radical Change
to Thailand FIT regime.
J an 0
0
J an 0
8
J an 0
7
J an 0
6
J an 0
5
J an 0
4
J an 0
3
J an 0
2
J an 0
1
J an 0
0
J an 9
9
J an 9
8
0.0
Document List in SPP’s Proposal ((1
1)
1. Request form for power selling, signed by authorized
person. (1 master + 11 copies)
2 Evidence/registration
2.
E id
/ i
i off company or other
h juristic
j i i
person.
3 Location/site Map of power
3.
po er plant.
plant
4. Lay-out of power plant.
5 Heat balance diagram,
5.
diagram P&ID,
P&ID showing measuring.
measuring
6. Process flow diagram.
7. Calculation of heat rate.
8. In case of cogen., design drawing determining capability
to p
produce useful heat at least 5%.
9. Prime mover/machine nameplate and specification
Document List in SPP’s Proposal ((2
2)
10.
11.
12
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17
17.
Single line diagram, and metering and relaying diagram.
Production planning- sell to grid and direct sell.
Scheduled commercial operating date (SCOD),
(SCOD) type of
SPP, term of SPP PPA
Amount of backup power.
Staff, organization chart and engineering licensing.
Identification of average fuel heating value (LHV), both
primary and secondary fuels.
For SPP firm contract: Bid Bond (500 Baht/kW).
For SPP renewables non
non-firm
firm contract and requiring
Adder: Bid Bond (200 Baht/kW)
Generator Data ((1
1)
Synchronous Machine
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Type: round rotor vs. salient pole.
Ratings: kV, MW, kVA.
Armature: Amp, kV.
Field: Amp,
p V.
Power Factor, Capability Curve.
Inertia Constant, Damping Constant.
Xd, X’d, X”d, Xq, X’q, X”q, Xl, T’do, T”do, T’qo,
T”qo, S(1.0), S(1.2).
8 Block
8.
Bl k Diagrams
Di
for
f Governor
G
andd Excitation
E i i Systems.
S
9. Unit Transformer Data and Connection Facility Details.
10 Fuel Details: Primary and Secondary.
10.
Secondary
Generator Data ((2
2)
Wind: Asynchronous Machine
1. No. of Wind Turbine (in a farm), Location, Single Line
Diagram, Length and Type of Conduction.
2. Stator: Voltage, MW, R, X; Rotor: Voltage, R, X.
3. Zero Sequence
q
Resistance and Reactance.
4. Inertia, Connection, Magnetizing Reactance.
5. Locked Rotor: Current, R/X.
6. Transformer Data.
7. Other Data: Converter, Inductor, Capacitor, DC Bus.
8 Pitch
8.
Pi h Data,
D
Shaft,
Sh f Turbine.
T bi
9. Wind Velocity.
SPP Grid Connection Code
1. (For Wind) 4.3.1: Voltage-Ride Through Requirement.
2. (For Wind) 4.3.2: Voltage Regulation System (VRS) must
be undertaken with closed loop control with droop.
droop
3. (For Wind) 4.3.3: On-load/Off-load tap transformer must
be capable to provide full required range of power factor.
factor
4. 4.1 and (For Wind) 4.3.4: Power Quality Requirement.