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Lighting Stakeholder Meeting
Egress Lighting
California Statewide Utility Codes and Standards Program
Heschong Mahone Group, Inc.
Clanton & Associates, Inc.
Integrated Lighting Concepts, Inc.
M.Neils Engineering
February 24, 2011
4/27/2010
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
● Summary of Code Change Proposals
● Energy Savings Results
● Cost Savings Results/Summary
● Summary of Cost Effectiveness
● Specifics of Code Change Proposal
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Summary of Code Change Proposals
● Removal of the exception for “egress
lighting” in the requirement for shut-off
controls (Section 131(d)).
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Energy Savings Results--LPD reduction
● Prototype lighting designs show that emergency lighting
and egress lighting can be reduced to 0.05 W/sf each,
assuming that a single lamp per fixture is controlled.
Building area (sf)
Emergency lighting load (W)
Emergency and egress lighting load (W)
Emergency and egress lighting area square footage (sf)
Emergency lighting load (W/sq ft)
Egress lighting load (W/sf)
Number of emergency luminaires
Number of egress luminaires
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
Large
Office
34,000
1032
2184
21,805
0.05
0.05
33
36
Small
Office
8,200
239
580
5871
0.04
0.06
10
13
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Energy Savings Results—Shutoff
●
Results of a night-time
observational survey
conducted in the
downtown areas of
four CA cities.
●
The apparent
percentage of lighting
switched on was
recorded for 770
floors in 71 buildings,
resulting in a total of
3,627 observations.
Percentage of stories with 2% or
less of their lighting on
6pm
7pm
8pm
9pm
10pm
8%
16%
19%
20%
24%
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Energy Savings Results—Shutoff
● The results of night-time survey were closely in line with hourly
monitored data from the California Commercial End-Use Survey
(CEUS)
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Energy Savings Results—Shutoff
● Using the value of 7% of installed load left on overnight (obtained
from the night-time survey), the potential savings from switching off
egress lighting is approximately 0.23 kWh/sf/yr., assuming:
●
Egress lighting can be switched off for 9 hours overnight and all day
Sunday, for a total of 4,056 hours per year
●
A complete building LPD of 0.80 W/sf
●
None of the spaces in the survey had 24-hour occupancy (we do not
believe that any of the buildings were occupied 24 hours)
● The Time-Dependent Valuation (TDV) value of the potential savings
from complete shut-off of emergency and egress lighting, assuming
the hours of control described above, is $0.41/sf.
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Costs
● We analyzed two levels of cost involved in
controlling progressively more of the egress and
emergency lighting:
●
Level one: Adding a "third circuit" to control egress
lighting on and off according to building occupancy.
●
Level two: Adding a “third circuit” as per level one,
and also adding power transfer equipment to control
emergency lighting on and off according to building
occupancy.
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Costs—Level One Control
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Costs—Level One Control
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Costs—Level Two Control
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Costs—Level Two Control
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
12
CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Costs—Level Two Control
● Unit costs for U.L. 924-compatible equipment for
controlling emergency fixtures.
Retail
price
Estimated
price for
larger
orders(3)
Labor
hours to
install
Total cost
per unit(4)
Emergency Ballast
$300
$210
0.1(1)
$218.50
Dual power transfer switch
(fixture-mounted)
$95
$65
0.1(1)
$73.50
Dual power transfer switch
(mounted in circuit panel)
$200
$140
3(2)
$395.00
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Cost Effectiveness Results
● Both strategies are cost-effective in office buildings, which are the
most challenging case because they are the most expensive
building type in which to install circuits, and have comparatively low
LPDs.
Large office
Small office
Scenario
Cost ($/sf)
Scenario
Savings
(TDV$/sf)
Benefit:
Cost
Ratio
Scenario
Cost ($/sf)
Scenario
Savings
(TDV$/sf)
Benefit:
cost
Ratio
Office: Level One Control
(“third circuit” for egress lighting,
emergency lighting held on 24/7)
$0.067
$0.29
4.3
$0.093
$0.29
3.1
Office: Level Two Control
(“third circuit” for egress lighting,
emergency lighting controlled by
egress circuit and UL 924 transfer
device)
$0.087
$0.41
4.7
$0.153
$0.41
2.7
Strategy
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Specifics of Code Change Proposals
● Change to Section 131(a) (Area Controls)
EXCEPTION 1 to Section 131(a): Up to 0.23 watts per square
foot of lighting in any area within a building maythat must be
continuously illuminated to allow for for reasons of building
security or emergency egress, provided that the area is
designated an security or emergency egress area on the plans
and specifications submitted to the enforcement agency under
Section 10-103(a)2 of Title 24, Part 1, and.
The security or egress lighting is controlled by switches
accessible only to authorized personnel.
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Specifics of Code Change Proposals
● Change to 131(d) Shut-off Controls.
1. In addition to the manual controls installed to comply with Section 131(a)
and (b), for every floor, all indoor lighting systems shall be equipped with
separate automatic or manual controls to shut off the lighting. These
automatic controls shall meet the requirements of Section 119 and may be
an occupant sensor, automatic time switch, or a signal from another
building system, or device capable of automatically shutting off the
lighting in response to occupancy conditions.
EXCEPTION 1 to Section 131(d)1: Where the lighting system is
serving an area that must be continuously lit is in continual use, 24
hours per day/365 days per year.
EXCEPTION 2 to Section 131(d)1: Lighting in the corridors,
guestrooms, and dwelling units of high-rise residential buildings and
hotel/motels, and parking garages.
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
Specifics of Code Change Proposals
● Change to 131(d) Shut-off Controls (continued)
EXCEPTION 3 to Section 131(d)1: In office buildings, up to 0.053
Watts per square foot of lighting in any area within a building maythat
must be continuously illuminated to allow for for reasons of building
security or emergency egress, provided that the area is designated an
security or emergency egress area on the plans and specifications
submitted to the enforcement agency under Section 10-103(a)2 of
Title 24, Part 1.
EXCEPTION 4 to Section 131(d)1: Up to 0.2 Watts per square foot
of lighting in stairwells.
EXCEPTION 4 to Section 131(d)1: Single-story buildings under
10,000 sf may use a single point manual control to shut off
lighting
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE UTILITIES CODES AND STANDARDS PROGRAM
Egress Lighting
?
QUESTIONS & COMMENTS
CA Utilities 2011 Title 24 Stakeholder Meeting for Proposed Code Changes
2/24/2011
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