Jan uary 2006
COMMEMORATIVE
ISSUE
L i g h t i n g
D e s i g n +
A p p l i c a t i o n
c e l e b r at i n g
I ESNA
Years
january 2006
VOL. 36/NO. 1
I E S N A
C E N T E N N I A L
58
73
I S S U E
50
67
features
42 ‘It has been Proposed to form a
departments
society’
Lighting’s preeminent historian describes how visionaries, risk takers, practitioners, academics
and businessmen banded together in 1905-06 to
4
Editorial
6
Letters
create the IES
10 Executive Vice President Reports
50 IESNA RETROSPECTIVE
12 President’s Perspective
A look at the key milestones in the Society’s history
16 Updates
20 Energy Advisor
58 THE Pioneers
26 Green Ideas
As the Society turns 100, we present 91 individuals
30 Research Matters
who helped shape the industry
36 Careers & Hiring
71 IESNA Membership Application
67 What they’d like to light
77 IIDA Nomination Form
A group of lighting designers describe their ‘dream
81 Calendar of Events
projects’
82 New and Sustaining Members
84 Classified Advertisements
73 King (or Queen) for a day
85 Ad Offices & Ad Index
We asked an eclectic mix of lighting professionals
86 IES FYI
to fill in the blank of the following statement: ‘If I
were lighting czar for a day, the one thing I would
change is _____’
ON THE COVER:
LD+A commemorates the IESNA Centennial by “ celebrating the
past. . . imagining the future.”
Publisher
William Hanley, CAE
E D ITOR IAL
While doing research for this commemorative issue of
LD+A, I got goose bumps after coming across the following passage from Ruby
Redford’s Editorial in the January 1956 issue of Illuminating Engineering: “The issue
of the Society’s journal which will commemorate the IES Centennial in the year 2006
will be prepared by an editor as yet unborn, or currently in his playpen. He will no
doubt be grateful to the men who undertook months of research, months of work,
in the preparation of the fifty-year summary.”
How correct Ms. Redford was. I am that “as yet unborn editor,” and, yes, I am
eternally grateful to those responsible for creating not only the 50th anniversary edition of Illuminating Engineering but much of that vast archive of resources which
resides around the corner from my office in our conference room/library. The
January ‘56 issue (far right cabinet, second shelf from the bottom) and various back
issues of LD+A are still cluttered with yellow Post-it notes, and I would typically
break into a cold sweat when I found a historically significant periodical had been
temporarily “checked out” by a colleague.
Building on Ruby Redford’s 50th anniversary issue and LD+A editor Wanda
Jankowski’s 75th anniversary issue in January 1981, this month’s LD+A is meant
to reflect the overarching theme of the IESNA Centennial: “Celebrating the past...
Imagining the future.” To celebrate the past, we’ve taken a two-pronged approach,
focusing on the birth and evolution of the IESNA itself (pgs. 42-57), as well as the
Editor
Paul Tarricone
Associate Editor
John-Michael Kobes
Assistant Editor
Roslyn Lowe
Art Director
Samuel Fontanez
Associate Art Director
Petra Domingo
Columnists
Emlyn G. Altman • Denise Fong
Brian Liebel • Doug Paulin • Paul Pompeo
Willard Warren
Book Review Editor
Paulette Hebert, Ph.D.
Marketing Manager
Sue Foley
Advertising Coordinator
Leslie Prestia
Published by IESNA
120 Wall Street, 17th Floor
New York, NY 10005-4001
Phone: 212-248-5000
Fax: 212-248-5017/18
Website: www.iesna.org
Email: iesna@iesna.org
milestones and people that have influenced lighting and “illuminating engineering”
as a discipline (pgs. 58-65). Next, we move on to “imagining the future.” We asked
several of our regular columnists to speculate on some of the trends that might
drive professional practice and the industry in the coming years. Finally, two roundtable panels describe their dream projects and suggest changes in the industry they
would mandate if they were “lighting czar” for a day.
Much of what you will read here would not have been possible without the
efforts of Centennial Committee members and others dedicated to ensuring that
this Centennial theme issue would represent our collective best efforts. Special
thanks go to Kevin Flynn (Centennial Committee chair), Richard LeVere and James
Jewell for spearheading the work on the “Lighting Pioneers” compilation.
Finally, a message to the editor as yet unborn, or currently in his or her playpen,
who will prepare the next anniversary issue of an IESNA periodical: I hope you
find the material in this issue of LD+A and in our “Century Series” useful, relevant,
educational and entertaining.
LD+A is a magazine for professionals involved in the art, science,
study, manufacture, teaching, and implementation of lighting. LD+A
is designed to enhance and improve the practice of lighting. Every
issue of LD+A includes feature articles on design projects, technical
articles on the science of illumination, new product developments,
industry trends, news of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North
America, and vital information about the illuminating profession.
Statements and opinions expressed in articles and editorials in LD+A
are the expressions of contributors and do not necessarily represent
the policies or opinions of the Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America. Advertisements appearing in this publication are the
sole responsibility of the advertiser.
LD+A (ISSN 0360-6325) is published monthly in the United States of
America by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America,
120 Wall Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10005, 212-248-5000.
Copyright 2006 by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North
America. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY 10005 and
additional mailing offices. Nonmember subscriptions $44.00 per year.
Additional $15.00 postage for subscriptions outside the United States.
Member subscriptions $32.00 (not deductible from annual dues).
Additional subscriptions $44.00. Single copies $4.00, except Lighting
Equipment & Accessories Directory and Progress Report issues
$10.00. Authorization to reproduce articles for internal or personal
use by specific clients is granted by IESNA to libraries and other users
registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional
Reporting Service, provided a fee of $2.00 per copy is paid directly to
CCC, 21 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970. IESNA fee code: 03606325/86 $2.00. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying
for purposes such as general distribution, advertising or promotion,
creating new collective works, or resale.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to LD+A, 120 Wall Street,
17th Floor, New York, NY 10005. Subscribers: For continuous service
please notify LD+A of address changes at least six weeks in advance.
Paul tarricone
Editor
This publication is indexed regularly by Engineering Index,
Inc. and Applied Science & Technology Index. LD+A is available on microfilm from Proquest Information and Learning,
800-521-0600, Ann Arbor, MI
ptarricone@iesna.org
www.iesna.org
LETTERS
LEDs Take Flight
ing target” will be in the next five, 10
I was pleased to see the first
and 15 years. The section on “three
issue of LD+A themed to LED appli-
ways of making white light” even gives
cations (November 2005). In addi-
designers the advantages and disad-
tion to the issues of quantity, qual-
vantages to each. The IESNA Light
ity, CRI and consistency raised in
Sources Committee did a great job on
Kevin Dowling’s excellent article
this publication and I think it should be
(“Crossing the Chasm”), there are
on every “lighting geek’s” shelf.
a few other issues that are equally
important to lighting professionals.
Doug Paulin
The LED community needs to “talk
Packerland Lighting Sales,
the talk” of the lighting industry.
Egg Harbor, WI
This includes moving away from
lamp efficacy only and providing
The article “Finally Blue” (LD+A,
data on the system efficacy (includ-
November) makes a one-sentence
ing the drivers) and system efficien-
reference to FarLight, “...80 LED fix-
cy (how much of the available light
tures from FarLight, Wilmington, CA
is actually getting out). The behavior
are used...” Unfortunately, it is not
of most conventional light sources is
clear from the article that FarLight’s
well understood, but the LED indus-
luminaires are completely differ-
try needs to agree on a standard for
ent from the pictured Ledtronics’
measuring and publishing lumen
“jelly jar.” FarLight’s luminaire, with
maintenance, as well as variations
unique toroidal non-imaging optic,
in light output due to temperature
was specifically designed for the
variations. When LED luminaires for
Vincent Thomas Bridge project. We
general illumination are available,
provided
and the necessary information is
high intensity
a
properly provided in standard for-
fan-shaped
mat, then lighting practitioners can
beam light pat-
consider selecting LED products for
tern with vis-
specific applications.
ibility up to 10
miles using only five
Jeffrey D. Schwartz
high brightness LEDs. We think that
ICF Consulting, Albany, NY
readers would have appreciated an
explanation of distinction between
I am enjoying the November LD+A,
two totally different LED luminaire
devoted in large part to LEDs. I would
design concepts, especially in an
have enjoyed it much more if there
issue dedicated to LED lighting.
was a small advertisement for IESNA
TM-16-05! TM16 is a great all-in-one
Robert H. Tudhope
publication that covers the history of
FarLight LLC, Wilmington, CA
the LED, efficacy issues, life issues,
2005-2006
Board of Directors
IESNA
PRESIDENT
Alan L. Lewis, O.D., Ph.D., FIES
The New England College of Optometry
PAST PRESIDENT
Craig A. Bernecker
The Lighting Education Institute
SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT
(President-Elect)
Kevin Flynn
Kiku Obata & Company
VP-EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Ronald Gibbons, Ph.D.
Virginia Tech Transportation Institute
VP-TECHNICAL & RESEARCH
Pekka Hakkarainen
Lutron Electronics Co. Inc.
VP-DESIGN & APPLICATION
Joseph B. Murdoch, Ph.D., FIES
University of New Hampshire (retired)
VP-MEMBER ACTIVITIES
Kimberly Szinger
Stantec Consulting
TREASURER
Boyd Corbett
S2C Incorporated
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT
William Hanley, CAE
IESNA
DIRECTORS
David A. Baum
Holophane
James Cyre
Philips Lighting
Terrance Kilbourne, LC
TEC, Inc.
Denis Lavoie, LC
Lumec, Inc
Russ Owens, LC
West Coast Design Group
RVP/DIRECTORS
Craig Kohring
mda engineering, inc.
Thomas Tolen, LC
TMT Associates
lumen maintenance issues, explains
how they are made and even does
some forecasting of where this “mov-
www.iesna.org
LETTERS
A Second Look at the
‘Vision Thing’
measurements of normal reading
with me—it just made sense. Claude
tasks done with and without spectral-
Engle and I met while he worked
Brian Liebel raises two interesting
ly-enhanced lighting at the same illu-
in his father’s engineering firm in
points in his “Hot Button” column
minance and publishes the results. As
Washington, DC. He continues today
(LD+A, November). First, he asks,
principle investigator for research in
to produce exceptional designs and
“Should we, as lighting profession-
the field of spectrally-enhanced light-
has spawned a generation of award-
als, use a different standard than
ing for the U.S. Department of Energy,
winning professionals.
optometrists?” The answer is both
he is surely in a position to do so.
no and yes, depending on what we,
tion with the IES—during the 1950s,
as lighting professionals, want to
Peter R. Boyce, Fellow, IESNA
‘60s and early ‘70s with the ever-
use the standard for. Where we are
Canterbury, Kent, Great Britain
escalating recommended levels of
interested in the effect of lighting
illuminance. The Society was pub-
conditions on visual acuity then it
would be madness to use any metric other than that used by optom-
There have been times of disaffec-
lishing standards which were in turn
Reflections of a Member
Emeritus
supported and promoted shamelessly by the producers of lamps,
etrists. But when we are choosing
Fifty years of IESNA membership
lighting fixtures and electric power.
a light source for application there
is not noteworthy in itself, requiring
As a salesman; I found myself out of
are many other light source charac-
only living long enough and paying
step with my peers of the day.
teristics of interest, so it would then
dues. During the years I did however
Someone at that time character-
be madness to confine our consider-
come to love and embrace lighting,
ized IES as follows: “We cannot
ations to visual acuity alone.
while lighting in turn enveloped me.
decide whether we are a profes-
Second, he avers that fine adjust-
Lighting sales provided my liveli-
sional society or an industry trade
ments in vision at the threshold
hood while lighting design offered
group.” That was then, this is now.
level impact reading speed and
me excitement.
Forty years later, we need only to
visual comfort for normal reading
Lighting, IES and IALD with their
compare current issues of LD+A
tasks. This is true up to a point, that
cadres of design professionals earned
with their predecessors of that peri-
point being where the target is three
their places along with architecture
od to recognize and respect our
to four times larger than thresh-
and AIA. First limited to New York and
present level of collective maturi-
old, i.e. when it subtends three to
other major cities, lighting design-
ty—as a Society, a profession and
four min arc at the eye. All I can
ers began to appear on projects of
an industry.
say in response to his assertion
all types and sizes and in all locales.
is that in the study he references
Lighting design moved away from a
Dick Dunlop, Member Emeritus
we measured the speed and accu-
tradition wherein electrical engineers
Chesapeake Lighting Associates
racy of identifying the orientation of
and architects just “did” the lighting
Columbia, MD
Landolt rings with gaps sized from
design along with their other (and
1.5 min arc to 14 min arc. We cer-
more important?) design functions
tainly found the expected increase
for which they had been trained.
Clarification
in reading speed with increasing
Two pioneers of lighting design
“Bringing the Great Outdoors
gap size but we found no statisti-
exposed me to its limitless poten-
Inside” (LD+A, September) noted
cally significant effect of spectrally-
tial. Bill Lam and I first became
that the Atlanta Area Council
enhanced lighting.
acquainted when we represented
Boy Scouts of America Volunteer
If Brian wishes to claim that spec-
his lighting manufacturing compa-
Service Center received a 2004 IIDA
trally-enhanced lighting improves
ny, Lam, Inc. His approach to light-
Award of Merit. That award went
reading speed for print sizes used in
ing design, independent of com-
to designers Matthew Hartley and
practice, I suggest he makes some
mercial influences, struck a chord
Sean McLendon.
www.iesna.org
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT REPORTS
While the fiduciary responsibility
and policy decisions are clearly in
the purview of the Board of Directors, I think it’s appropriate at this time to add a note about staff, those
charged with the implementation of Society programs.
Staff has been involved from the very beginning. On February 13, 1906, the secretary reported that
“the services of Mr. George H. Guy had been secured to act as Corresponding Secretary of the Society for
a period of six months.” Interestingly, Mr. Guy was a member (or at least listed as such), but he disappears from the 1908 roster of members.
IESNA Office – 120 Wall Street, NYC (occupied since 1993)
Staff needs a place in which to work. On November 9, 1906, “a resolution was adopted authorizing the
Rita Harrold (6/1/92) Director, Educational & Technical Activities
rental of a room [9 ft x 15 ft] for the Society headquar-
Don Mennie (1/17/95) Technical Editor
ters [already, that word is used] at the Engineering So-
Nicole DeGirolamo (3/9/05) Assistant to Rita & Bill
ciety Building [then located on 39th Street].“ The cost
Bruce Sohl (9/10/90) Controller
of rent was not to exceed $1.35 per sq ft.
Irina Lantino-Stern (2/6/97) Bookkeeper/Assistant
In 1907, the Council approved transferring the office
Albert Suen (8/28/89) Publication Sales Coordinator
to another room in the same building. Larger? Louis
Bill Glazner (1/20/88) Data Processing Coordinator
B. Mark’s notes (or laments) that the office rent for
Typical Office – Engineering Society Building, NYC, 1907
1907 will be about $200.00. “It seems to members of
Valerie Landers (6/9/86) Director, Member Activities
Christine Walther (4/5/99) Member Services Coordinator
the Council that was all we could afford to pay until our
Joyce Edinboro (11/26/90) Receptionist
membership increases.”
Anastasia De Leon (5/6/05) Assistant
The chief staff officer is referred to as the General Secretary in the constitution approved in 1907; the
duties of this position are sprinkled throughout the 1907 bylaws—“the General Secretary is to supply sta-
Sue Foley (3/26/01) Marketing Manager
Leslie Prestia (10/28/02) Assistant
tionery to each Section“ and “is to receive from the Sections a monthly account of all expenditures in the
preceeding month.” In 1907 the GS was charged to print membership certificates, the cost set at $1.00,
Paul Tarricone (3/3/03) Editor, LD+A
John-Michael Kobes (11/6/00) Associate Editor
that when dues were $5.00 per year.
Roslyn Lowe (4/14/86) Assistant Editor
Louis B. Marks also announced at the Annual
Samuel Fontanez (1/24/00) Art Director
Meeting of the Society that Miss E. Westervelt was
hired as assistant secretary in charge of the office.
He goes on to note that her salary was to be $18.00
Petra Domingo (1/31/05) Associate Art Director
Brigitte Houngbedji (7/24/00) Web Coordinator
(per month, I assume). Well, it was a small office.
Chief Staff Officers: 1924-2006
A partial list of those who have served as chief staff officers.
The Present
Frank B. Horton, Executive Secretary, 1924 – 1944
A. Dexter Hinckley, Managing Director, 1944 - 1967
The Society has been lucky over the years in seIESNA Office – United Engineering Center, NYC, 1961
Paul Ringgold, EVP, 1967 – 1972
curing a large number of competent staff. Some
Frank Coda, EVP, 1973 – 1981
members certainly remember long term employ-
Rogers B. Finch, EVP, 1982 – 1987
William Hanley, EVP, 1988 – Present
ees such as Ruby Redford, Lydia Bez, Cash Crouch, John Kaufmann and Al Leonard.
I am very fortunate to have a number of long tenured professionals working with me. We know what
has to be done and accomplish tasks with positive team spirit. The following groups current staff by department and notes the date of initial employment. While I hope it is of interest to you, it’s also a legacy
WILLIAM HANLEY,
CAE
to whomever considers the Society celebration of 2106.
10
www.iesna.org
January 2006
11
PR E S I D E NT’S PE R S PE CTIVE
One of the more important
goals I have for my term as president of the Society
is to expand the perception of IESNA from that of
an organization that is primarily focused on serving its members and the lighting industry to one
which also is viewed as North America’s advocate
for quality and efficient lighting. It is my strong belief that the primary reason that poor quality lighting continues to be so common is that there is little
or no demand for a higher standard of practice by
the ultimate end-user–the public.
As members of the lighting industry, we have
on enacting lighting codes (mandatory) and recommended practices (voluntary). While each of
these efforts has had some beneficial effect, most
of us would agree that they have not brought us
to the point where good lighting is the normally
encountered situation. As an example, the move
to promote the development of a Model Lighting
Ordinance (MLO) is a recognition that we must
resort to encouraging prescriptive legislation in
order to improve the sorry state of much outdoor
lighting. And while I am enough of a pragmatist
to realize the benefits of this initiative, I am con-
tended to define the end-users as those who purchase our products and services. When those
purchasers are knowledgeable and committed
to quality and efficiency, the resulting designs,
applications and installations are typically outstanding examples of what can be accomplished
when the latest technologies and products are
The real solution to
the problem of poor
lighting quality is not
legislation but rather
public education
employed to create spaces that are comfortable,
effective and enjoyable. On the other hand, when
those purchasers are either unknowledgeable
(most) or uncaring (few), the outcomes can be
absolutely terrible. Regrettably, this latter group
is far larger than is the former and, without some
incentive to change, it is unrealistic to expect a
significant improvement in this state of affairs.
Furthermore, this second group includes the millions of individuals who not only purchase billions of dollars of lighting products each year,
but also who bear the burden of living with inadequate, uncomfortable, and inefficiently lighted
environments. And it is with these individuals
that we have the greatest opportunity to improve
the state of lighting in North America.
The View for the Few
The traditional approaches to ensuring at least
minimal standards of quality lighting are based
12
vinced that the real solution to the problem of
poor lighting quality, for all environments, is not
legislation but rather public education.
The basic tenet of the public education approach
to improving lighting quality is that individuals who
can recognize bad lighting will demand a higher
standard of practice of themselves and of those responsible for lighting public spaces. In this respect
we are particularly fortunate because bad lighting
is so prevalent and so easy to demonstrate. It isn’t
necessary for us to initially address every aspect of
quality lighting; it would be a major step forward
if we could eliminate just the most egregious applications by providing the public with examples
of lighting abuse and explaining how they degrade
the environment. A problem cannot be solved until
it is recognized by those with the incentive and the
ability to correct it.
www.iesna.org
PR E S I D E NT’S PE R S PE CTIVE
A conventional public education campaign on
for collaboration with, among others, the Na-
a national scale would cost millions of dollars or
tional Council on Aging, Shared Solutions and
pesos and is clearly beyond the means of IESNA.
AARP were identified and will be pursued. Other
However, by partnering with other organizations
initiatives are expected to be announced shortly.
and using the power of the Internet, a great deal
While these are small steps, they are a beginning
can be accomplished. Where we have tradition-
and serve as an example of a new approach to
ally partnered with other professional and tech-
getting out the message of quality lighting.
nical organizations, we now need to reach out to
IESNA has been extremely effective at bring-
public advocacy groups who can carry our mes-
ing together the diverse and varied interests in the
sage of better lighting while serving their own
lighting industry. It is now time for us to go beyond
constituencies. We can provide the expertise
talking among ourselves and to begin to educate
and the education while they provide the forum.
the public about the benefits of quality lighting and
The IESNA Committee on Lighting for the
the nature and costs of poor lighting. Only then will
Aged and Partially Sighted has already shown
they demand an improved lighted environment.
leadership in this area by organizing an October
event in Washington, DC, on lighting for seniors
that was recognized by the White House Conference on Aging. At that meeting, opportunities
14
Alan Laird Lewis, O.D., Ph.D.
FIESNA, IESNA President
www.iesna.org
U P D AT E S
Color Kinetics
Covers China In Color
Color Kinetics Inc. announced a series of newly completed installations in
mainland China. Most recently completed was the LG Tower, a multi-million dollar
construction by LG Building Development Co., Ltd., whose 460-ft towers are lit by
more than 7600 ft of iColor Accent system.
Additionally, Color Kinetics’ systems have been
used to illuminate a variety of hotels, business
centers, restaurants and night clubs across China.
According to the China Solid-State Lighting Alliance,
Air Force
Lands SSL
Security
System
Cyberlux Corporation has been selected to provide an advanced solid-state
LED security lighting system for the U.S.
Air Force Air Mobility Battlelab.
The system, which illuminates an
China is the world’s second largest electricity-gen-
exterior boundary of 250 x 300 ft, will
erating country, with 12 percent of its total elec-
enable Air Force security forces to sig-
tricity attributed to lighting. In 2004, the Chinese
nificantly increase security for Air Force
government selected solid-state lighting as one of
assets, including aircraft on the ground.
10 programs in its next five-year plan to promote
The company was selected in a com-
energy efficiency. The solid-state lighting program
petitive review process that included
promotes the use of high-efficiency lighting systems in public facilities, hotels,
25 proposals from other companies to
shopping centers, office buildings, and sports venues, as well as in developing
develop a lightweight, portable light-
GRANDVIEW HOTEL
automated production facilities.
“With continuing economic growth in the region, we’re seeing a major construction boom in business-centric cities like Shanghai, where the number of office buildings is significantly rising, and travel destinations like Macau, where massive casinos
and hotels are in development,” said Bill Sims, president and CEO, Color Kinetics.
“Moreover, with all the new construction planned for the 2008 Olympic Games and
World Expo 2010, we view the Chinese market as a tremendous opportunity.”
ing system for both visible lighting and
infrared lighting compatible with night
vision goggles. The portable lighting
system weighs less than 50 pounds,
including batteries, so that it can easily be carried to remote locations and
deployed quickly. The LED-based system can provide lighting for several
days with a single battery charge.
Altman
Lighting’s
Smart Track lighting system was
Dancing on the Ceiling
16
awarded
Lighting/Architecture
Product of the Year at the 2005
As guests enter the lobby of Portugal’s Casino De Estoril, they are
Lighting Dimensions International
welcomed by the dazzling effects of LEDs. The reflection of the polished,
(LDI) tradeshow and conference,
black granite floor gives the impression of walking over a glass floor.
Orlando, FL. Applications including
Mundocolor Internacional, S.A. from Barcelona, Spain, provided the
retail stores, museums, churches,
LEDs for the ceiling.
restaurants and night clubs.
www.iesna.org
U P D AT E S
LCA
Publishes
New White
Paper Series
“New Technologies Set
the Stage for Dramatic
Expansion of Wireless
Control”
lighting automation at theoretically a
lower installed cost. This whitepaper
details the low-power mesh-network
protocols such as Z-Wave and, even
Wireless control is an emerging
newer, ZigBee, which enable battery-
method for providing the benefits of
operated controls, multi-vendor sys-
The Lighting Controls Association
(LCA), administered by the National
Electrical Manufacturers Association
(NEMA), has published a new series
of white papers addressing a range
of lighting and energy management
issues. These white papers are available for free to building owners and
managers, specifiers, contractors,
distributors and other building professionals interested in energy efficiency
and improving building value.
“Energy Policy Act of 2005
Encourages Energy-Efficient
Lighting with Tax Deduction”
This report provides a description
of the new commercial buildings
tax deduction created by the Energy
Policy Act of 2005. This provision
allows a deduction of up to $1.80
per sq ft for energy-efficient building
systems and up to $0.60 per sq ft for
energy-efficient interior lighting.
“Energy Policy Act of 2005
Sets New Ballast Efficiency
Standards”
While new fluorescent ballast efficiency rules went into effect in April
2005, another batch of rules has just
been passed as part of the Energy
Policy Act of 2005 that will affect
lighting systems starting in 2009. This
time, the efficacy standards have been
set high enough that the vast majority of magnetic ballasts—including
ballasts operating energy-saving T12
lamps—will no longer comply.
LD+A January 2006
17
U P D AT E S
tems, condition monitoring, a high
degree of scalability and the potential
for easier integration with other building systems such as HVAC.
“California’s New Title
24 Energy Code: Lighting
Review & Commentary”
Considered the toughest energy code
in the country, Title 24 not only has
strict power limits for lighting, but
In October 2005, California’s Title
now covers unconditioned spaces
24 energy code went through the
such as warehouses, daylighting in
most dramatic update in 13 years.
certain spaces, and light pollution and
outdoor lighting. What’s more, Title
24 now requires home builders to
either provide manual-on, automaticoff occupancy sensors or high-efficiency (compact fluorescent) fixtures
in a number of spaces.
“2005 NEC Code Changes
Impact Lighting Control
Panels, Metal Halide
Lighting”
The NFPA recently published the
2005 version of the NEC, the model
electrical code that is enforceable
in all states and municipalities that
adopt it. Several provisions in the
new Code affect lighting-including
lighting control panels, metal halide
fixtures, and disconnecting fluorescent fixtures prior to servicing. For
more information on this series of
white papers visit www.aboutlightingcontrols.org
On Your Mark,
Get Set…Glow
In an effort to attract skiers
and boost fan attendance, the
Ishpeming ski club arranged for
the Super Tour series at Michigan’s
Suicide Hill to be held at night.
Lighting the way were Technical
Consumer Products (TCP) 27-W,
180 series, compact fluorescent
Springlamps with reflector covers.
18
www.iesna.org
U P D AT E S
Just
Published
Concert Hall, Los Angeles, CA), Mario
Botta, Jean Nouvel and OMA/Rem
Koolhaas (three museums in Seoul,
The latest title in teNeues’ Ultimate
South Korea), and Richard Meier
series—Ultimate Lighting Design by
(Restaurant 66, New York, NY).
Hervé Descottes—is a 528-page guide
The hard-back book (ISBN 3-8327-
that presents an illustrated overview
9016-0) features 730-color photos and
of projects that include concert halls,
is available in English, German, French,
restaurants, and museums in Europe,
Spanish and Italian. For more informa-
North America and Asia as well as
tion; e-mail sfensteneteneves-usa.com
J
P
a pollution control plant and urban
landscapes in New York.
tal result. Descottes, an award-win-
Descottes uses the best technol-
ning architectural lighting designer,
ogy available to reveal scope, space,
founded the New York City design
and form, both in landscapes and
firm L’Observatoire International after
in urban environments, and aims
eight years of design practice in Paris.
to do so in a way that achieves a
He has collaborated with such archi-
functional, creative and environmen-
tects as Frank Gehry (Walt Disney
s
H
th
o
r
N
a
la
back issues of LD+A
are now online
www.iesna.org
a
fo
e
a
a
o
a
in
LD+A January 2006
19
energy
By Willard L. Warren
T
op
executives
a d v i s o r
from
Powers: In the manufacturing sec-
agement systems. We see greater
some of the leading fix-
tor, two factors have impacted the
opportunities in lighting services,
ture manufacturers dis-
industry. First, while consolidation
such as energy and demand man-
cuss the current state of
has been going on for the last 20
agement, disposal, recycling and
the industry, as well future oppor-
years, during the last decade there
financial services.
tunities—and threats—in this Q&A
has been substantially more con-
roundtable. The panel includes David
solidation. Four major players now
Feldman: During the last decade
Feldman, president, Cooper Lighting;
represent over 60 percent of the
we saw continued development of
John K. Morgan, president and CEO
lighting market. Second, offshore
energy-efficient products—and a
of Acuity Brands Lighting; Larry
manufacturers have significantly
continued lack of emphasis on adopt-
Powers, CEO and chair of the Genlyte
expanded their position in the U.S.
ing these products into our normal
Group; and Michael Petras, vice pres-
Decorative fixture manufacturing
buying habits. Going forward there
ident-electrical distribution and light-
is now nearly 100 percent China
will be a continued focus on the use
ing, GE Consumer & Industrial.
based. Additionally, an increasing
of more efficient products and there
number of Chinese manufacturers
should be, considering the current
How has the lighting industry
are now directly, and through their
energy situation, a greater embrace
changed in the last decade? What
own brands, selling in the North
of their use.
changes do you anticipate in the
American market. Although a large
next decade?
number of small- to medium-size
The industry has been criticized
Morgan: There has been an
companies have been absorbed by
for emphasizing product “commod-
increase in professionalism in the
larger organizations, an increasing
itization” and R&D directed toward
lighting design community, espe-
number of newcomers have been
making products more competitive.
cially with the advent of NCQLP cer-
added to the industry. The combi-
Have we invested enough in tradi-
tification. The associated training
nation of ease of entry and evolv-
tional R&D or in innovative manu-
and education has manifested itself
ing technologies is encouraging the
facturing techniques?
in the adoption of new technolo-
launch of new lighting fixture manu-
gies, especially in the area of optical
facturing companies.
design. In addition, new technol-
20
Morgan: Industries are not commoditized, products are commoditized. It’s the nature of things that
ogy in manufacturing processes has
Petras: We’ve seen some consoli-
any truly successful product will
allowed us to greatly improve the
dation in the fixture industry, an
become a commodity. This does
aesthetics of products.
increase in imports and an over-
not imply poor quality, it just means
As training, education and certi-
all trend toward the globalization of
that something has found wide con-
fication continue to take hold, they
lighting products. We’re also see-
sumer acceptance and many alterna-
will add a level of decisiveness, con-
ing an increased focus on energy
tives exist.
fidence and boldness to the design
regulations, including more aggres-
We are investing enough in R&D. If
community, which will lead to more
sive energy efficiency standards
you look worldwide at the luminaire,
influence over the design of buildings
and building energy codes, plus an
ballast, lamp and controls manufac-
and infrastructure. Manufacturers
increased environmental focus on
turers as a whole, the R&D invest-
will continue to focus on profitability
materials and disposal. In the next
ment is in the hundreds of millions of
initiatives, and this will eventually
10 years, we expect to see more inte-
dollars. This investment is manifest-
allow more money to be plowed back
gration of lighting controls within
ing itself in some very interesting
into research and development.
the broader context of energy man-
new products. We could do a better
www.iesna.org
E N E R GY A D V I S O R
job as an industry in coordinating
Petras: At GE, we are not only invest-
Will LEDs replace some fluores-
how all this money is spent in basic
ing in the optimization of the design
cent, HID and incandescent sourc-
research areas.
and manufacturing of existing product
es? Are these new “LED players”
Manufacturing is an area where
families, we also are creating “imagi-
in the industry likely to change our
we have made a great deal of prog-
nation breakthroughs” throughout
traditional distribution system?
ress. I see evidence of new and dif-
the company. In lighting, for example,
Powers: To what extent solid
ferent technologies and processes
ceramic metal halide design and man-
state lighting represents a disruptive
being applied that allow us to design
ufacturing processes are providing
change is subject to debate. To date,
features that would not have been
high-quality, energy-efficient solutions
the advantages of LED lighting have
possible a few years ago. All over
for applications ranging from retail to
been limited but clearly the best
the world, there is great impact in
outdoor lighting. At the same time, we
solution for a number of specific
the way plastics are being molded,
are also investing heavily in discrete
applications. For example, virtually
electronics are being applied, and the
and organic LEDs.
all exit signs utilize LED sources. A
way castings are being developed.
large percentage of traffic lights have
New technologies in the manufactur-
Powers: Over the last two decades,
now been converted to LED sources.
ing of optical quality glass are truly
downward price pressures have sig-
Virtually all cell phones, small hand-
amazing. In addition, lean manufac-
nificantly lowered the purchase price
held devices and other electronic
turing principles are making a real
of lighting fixtures. This is specifically
equipments solely rely on LED. But
difference.
true with respect to the mainstream
when it comes to general illumina-
Feldman: The lighting industry
has tended towards commoditization because of the focus on first
cost and the lack of knowledge that
exists around the variety of products
available. Left to their own devices
most people will tend towards lowest price if they have no long term
‘During the last decade we saw
continued development of energyefficient products—and a continued lack
of emphasis on adopting these products
into our normal buying habits’-Feldman
ownership incentive. With that in
mind, in order to move away from
and “A” items. Although some of the
tion, the inherent advantages of LED
the commodity as the choice, we
price decreases have been as a result
have not represented a clear oppor-
need to make sure that we educate
of product life cycle maturity and pro-
tunity. For general illumination LED
all constituents to the overall value
ductivity improvement, a significant
light sources are not as efficient or
that the products bring.
percentage of the reduction has been
as comfortable, from a color render-
As for R&D, many manufacturers
through lower margins as well. It is
ing perspective, as other existing
are spending a sizeable amount of
true that a very large percentage of
light sources. Solid state lighting
money in developments of new tech-
investments in tooling and manufac-
efficiencies and other attributes will
nologies around light source, bal-
turing facilities have been spent in
certainly improve and it may meet or
lasts, optics and materials that will
cost reduction of mainstream prod-
exceed some of the best light source
help the overall lighting industry. It is
ucts. But it is encouraging to note that
performances of today’s high effi-
always a balance between spending
over the last year or two, there have
ciency products. But even then, the
on future opportunities and current
been new product introductions in the
inherent limitations and application
competitiveness, but the best com-
mainstream area that have focused
needs will most likely continue to
panies tend to manage both.
on new products and innovations.
rely on multiple light source solutions rather than just LED.
January 2006
21
E N E R GY A D V I S O R
Morgan: As their lumen output
improve, we will see more applica-
ger as issues around efficacy, color
continues to increase and costs
tions. OLEDs have further to go down
consistency, thermal management
continue to come down, and as we
the research and development path—
and cost are resolved. The Next
develop better techniques for deal-
although you can’t predict invention.
Generation Lighting Initiative in the
ing with the thermal characteristics
We don’t think the new “LED players”
Energy Policy Act of 2005 will pro-
of LEDs, they will replace traditional
will necessarily change our traditional
vide needed funding for progress on
lamp sources. As for the role of “new
distribution system, but they certainly
these sources. As for the change in
players,” only those who add value
will raise the bar.
distribution, most of the major play-
to channels of distribution will drive
change and remain in the equation.
22
ers in the LED industry are aligned
Feldman: LED and OLED technolo-
with a current light source supplier. If
gies may be the wave of the future
this continues going forward, indus-
Petras: We are already seeing sig-
and could move into general lighting
try structure should stay intact.
nificant numbers of LED substitutions
applications as an efficient source.
for more conventional lighting sys-
If the current trends continue then
Do you expect more offshore out-
tems in signage and transportation.
LEDs will very quickly meet the dol-
sourcing of lighting components, or
There remain, however, challenges
lars per lumen threshold for general
have other market factors like ship-
to the replacement of existing main-
use. Today they play an important
ping costs, manufacturing innova-
stream lighting systems. As efficien-
but limited role in the marketplace.
tions, etc., precluded that expansion?
cies increase and lumens per dollar
This role will continue to get big-
www.iesna.org
E N E R GY A D V I S O R
Powers: As long as the significant
wage discrepancy exists between
North America and Asia, imports will
continue to sharply increase. Those
product categories that have high labor
contents will continue to be sourced in
Asia. Some of those categories, such
as manufacturing of decorative prod-
‘We are investing enough in R&D. If you
look worldwide at the luminaire, ballast,
lamp and controls manufacturers as a
whole, the R&D investment is in the
hundreds of millions of dollars’-Morgan
ucts, have now completely ceased to
exist in North America.
At the same time, factors other than
direct manufacturing labor costs will
Conversely, many products will con-
Do the energy codes offer opportu-
remain an obstacle to offshore manu-
tinue to be produced close to the point
nities for luminaire manufacturers to
facturing. Freight costs will continue
of sale because of shipping, handling
provide products and services of high-
to increase as a result of energy cost
and service issues. New technologies
er value that will gain a greater share
increases. Additionally, non-stocking
or processes will be based where the
of the total cost of construction?
projects and jobs with tight and fluc-
best center of expertise resides.
tuating schedules will also remain
unattractive to offshore imports.
Morgan: Not in and of themselves.
Producing and selling product in
The only thing that will allow light-
countries other than U.S. has a ben-
ing to obtain a larger share of the
More recently, initiatives such as
efit in that it exposes opportunities in
construction dollars is for the total
LEED, where emphasis is on broader
technology and process that may not
lighting community to do a better
environmental and sustainability
exist or be embraced in our current
job of educating building owners
issues, will also be a factor. Through
facilities or markets.
and occupants about the value and
LEED, emphasis on shipping from
the benefits of effective lighting.
locations within a narrow geographi-
Petras: Successful companies will
cal distance will persuade end-users
continue to look for global sources
Feldman: The energy codes, if
to look upon other issues than just
of products and services that pro-
enforced, open up opportunities for
the initial low acquisition cost.
vide the most cost-effective solu-
manufacturers to provide higher
Our company continues to pro-
tions, assuming that quality, timeli-
value products that have a lower
duce a significant percentage of our
ness and other service- and per-
overall cost of ownership. Lighting
products in our North American fac-
formance-related attributes are not
cost will continue to be a growing
tories. We have been able to remain
compromised. However, as we look
concern as we have more issues
competitive, despite the significant-
at “game-changing” lighting inno-
around overall energy usage. Many
ly higher wage structure, through
vations, it is also entirely possible
efforts have been made to educate
automation and substantial process
that the tuning of products for cus-
people about the inherent savings in
improvements.
tomer needs may require integrated
energy-efficient products but, until
domestic efforts for the particular
there is enforcement, the industry
market being served.
structure allows too much emphasis
Feldman: Where a product is produced will always be dictated around
on initial purchase price as opposed
total competitiveness: quality, ser-
Morgan: Outsourcing will contin-
vice and cost. Currently many prod-
ue to increase. Products manufac-
ASHRAE 90.1-2004, LEED version
ucts and components are produced
tured outside the U.S. have found
2.2, Title 24 and the International
outside the country into which they
favor with customers for a variety of
Dark-Sky
are sold based upon the expertise
reasons. Until that is no longer true,
Lighting Ordinance all include fur-
required for that specific product.
there will be offshore outsourcing.
ther reductions in energy allowances
January 2006
to total cost of ownership.
Associations
Model
23
E N E R GY A D V I S O R
that will continue to move our indus-
its relationship to productivity. We
ballasts, but also advanced materi-
try to more efficient products. The
believe higher standards combined
als, optical delivery techniques and
Energy Policy Act of 2005 will also
with end user awareness will be of
integrated control systems. Today’s
help give tangible incentives to move
significant support in expanding
products will have a tough time
towards higher value, more efficient
the total lighting industry. Our best
meeting tomorrow’s needs.
offerings. However the speed of
opportunity for a growing and health-
change towards these products will
ier industry is reaching the end-user
Willard L. Warren, PE,
be dependent on the structure and
and educating them to the impor-
LC, Fellow IESNA, is
enforceability of the various codes
tance and impact of good lighting on
the principal of Willard
adopted by the various state and
their activities and businesses.
L. Warren Associates, a
consulting firm serving indus-
regulatory bodies.
24
Petras: As watts-per-sq ft lev-
try, government and utility cli-
Powers: The passage of the ener-
els are reduced, it will be the new
ents in lighting and energy con-
gy bill will support the industry from
lighting system solutions that will
servation.
a number of perspectives, one of
provide high-quality lighting. This
which is creating a higher national
means the integration of not only
awareness of energy efficiency and
the most efficient light sources and
www.iesna.org
G R E E N I D EAS
Sustainability for the
Next Century
By Denise Fong
ing on the level of activity on a par-
ways to incorporate it? Is it possible
then avoid disposal fees, continuing
don’t exist, the fixtures don’t exist
ticular day? What if the network that
for every work space to have access
the cycle of savings.
either. Perhaps the materials to make
controls the lights could also read
to daylight?
the light fixtures don’t exist. Perhaps
power and gas meters, or track buses
How will reduced access to and
grave issues before the government
we will move from primarily steel and
and inform people when the next bus
availability of raw materials impact
requires compliance will be ahead
aluminum fixtures to a new synthetic
will arrive at their stop?
the lighting industry? The most suc-
of their competition. Wouldn’t it be
Companies that address cradle-to-
material made from an agricultural
Where will research take us?
cessful firms will be forward-think-
great if the concept of waste was
crop—something that could be com-
And how will it impact our design?
ing companies that view recycling
obsolete 100 years from now?
When presented with the prospect
ronmentally compromised areas of
posted at the end of its life instead
Will we devise a methodology to
and remanufacturing as benefits
Will the lighting industry (manu-
of writing a “green” column for the
our country due to industrial pollu-
of deposited in a landfill. What if fix-
describe light in terms of how we see
and not hardships imposed by gov-
facturers, engineers, and design-
100th Anniversary issue, there was
tion. With the ground literally wiped
tures were routinely remanufactured?
at night that is distinct from what we
ernment. Companies that find ways
ers) be leaders in the movement to
a momentary panic. What could I
“clean,” how will corporate America
Perhaps someday buildings will truly
use today? I think this will be neces-
to transform waste from another
“green,” or will they merely be fol-
possibly write that would reflect the
rebuild? (“Clean” is a relative term
sary to make the next leap in energy
industry into the raw materials they
lowers? Time will tell. I wish I could
past 100 years and look forward to
in this case, as the buildings may
efficiency and source control.
need will be in the forefront of their
be around in 100 years to find out.
the next 100?
be gone but the pollution caused
I imagine that this issue will be
chock full of wonderful stories that
by some industries was spread as a
result of the flooding.)
reminisce about historic moments
When companies rebuild, will it be
and changes in this industry. Not
business as usual, looking at short-
being old enough to look back very
term profit at the expense of local
far (she said “tongue in cheek”), I
families who live near industrial
decided to look forward.
plants that pass their pollution onto
Wouldn’t it be
great if the
concept of waste
was obsolete 100
years from now?
industry. Rather than perceive recyLight AND VISIBILITY
companies will come out ahead by
is principal of Candela Lighting
turning waste generated by other
Design and Consulting, Seattle,
get older must be incorporated into
companies into a revenue stream.
WA.
a broader range of building types
These third-party companies will
and site design. It’s not just the “old
folk’s home” that needs more light.
others? Or will decision makers step
back and seek ways to build cleaner
be wireless—including the lighting.
necessary? Perhaps what’s needed
Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Rita,
plants with less waste and fewer
(This may not be a comforting thought
is better visibility, and we need to
the Indian Ocean tsunami and the
toxic by-products?
to electrical engineers reading this!)
rethink what that is. It seems clear
And is it really more light that is
7.6 earthquake in Pakistan, not to
Will those plants manufacture
How will the lighting design com-
mention the war in Iraq and conflicts
“green” materials? Will they pay a
munity respond to these changes?
in other places around the globe.
living wage with decent health insur-
For example, if you were tasked with
How will we develop lighting
Natural disasters can’t be prevented
ance? Will we look at the land and build
designing the lighting for a city that
designs that help people heal more
and the power of Mother Nature can’t
where buildings can be sustained, or
was impacted by a major natural
rapidly? Recent studies indicate that
be denied. Thousands of lives have
rebuild in places that will again be
disaster and there was no stock of
access to daylight allows patients
been lost and families destroyed, but
susceptible to Mother Nature?
existing equipment to work around or
to recover from surgery faster with
maintenance department entrenched
fewer drugs and less reported pain.
Lighting Impacts
that “better visibility” cannot be
defined by footcandles.
in its “standards,” how would you
“Green” health care facility design
hit, individuals began coming for-
Where does the lighting industry
approach the design? Could you
can also be a powerful recruitment
ward with ideas and dreams of how
fit into this picture? I see many chal-
design an environment that was com-
tool. For example, when a new hospi-
to rebuild.
lenges that only make this industry
fortable and safe for people, inviting
tal in Canada published an article in the
more exciting to be a part of.
While it’s difficult to think there
DeniseFong,IALD,LC,LEED®AP,
As our population ages, acknowl-
We’ve seen massive destruction
able. In fact, only weeks after Katrina
cling as a cumbersome task, these
edging that we see differently as we
of the earth’s built environment with
the resilience of people is undeni-
26
even exist today. If the light sources
and exciting, and still preserve views
local newspaper about green features
may be a silver lining in any of these
When I compare the light sources
of the stars? Opportunities to address
designed into the hospital, it received
events, the opportunity to rebuild a
available 100 years ago with what we
light source control, color, distribu-
unsolicited employment applications
better, safer and more sustainable
use today, and then project that same
tion and intensity would all be viewed
from all over the country.
place is looking us right in the eye.
rate of change into the next 100 years,
from a fresh perspective.
As we begin to understand day-
Some of the areas destroyed by
the only thing that seems certain is that
What if you could customize the
light and how it impacts our new
Katrina were the poorest, most envi-
the light sources of the future don’t
lighting for different districts depend-
spaces, will we find more effective
www.iesna.org
January 2006
27
Legacy Sponsors
Cooper Lighting
C
ooper Lighting, a division of Cooper Industries,
Cooper Lighting also offers a number of educational
Georgia. The origins of Cooper Lighting
team of professionals that track the most critical issues
Ltd., is headquartered in Peachtree City,
date back to 1956 when the Halo Lighting Company, the
pioneer in recessed and track lighting, was founded with the
philosophy of manufacturing lighting fixtures which would
be attractive, simple to install and easy to service. From the
modest beginnings of a one-room facility with six product
lines, Cooper Lighting has grown to numerous product lines
and a position of international industry leader.
Today, Cooper Lighting is a fast growing, responsive
company utilizing intensive market research and innovative
product development to manufacture high quality, versatile
products, which give value to their customers. The company
is the leading manufacturer of track and recessed lighting
and one of the largest fixture manufacturers of incandescent,
fluorescent, and H.I.D luminaires. Cooper Lighting is
comprised of many strong brands including Halo, Metalux,
Lumark, Sure-Lites, McGraw-Edison, Fail-Safe, Iris, Neoray, Corelite, Shaper, Lumiere, MWS, DLS, Invue, RSA,
Streetworks and their newest brand, Ametrix. Cooper
Lighting currently has expanded to eight domestic and four
international manufacturing locations with a Customer First
Center that provides centralized warehousing, state-of-the-
resources including Energy ReSOURCE, a dedicated
of legislation affecting the industry. Summaries are
currently available on the company’s website, http://www.
cooperlighting.com/content/source/energy_legislation.
htm. In addition, the company headquarters is home to The
SOURCE, a state-of-the-art education center offering CEU
credited courses and services, educating over 5,000 students
and professionals yearly. New classes being offered in 2006
include: Maximizing Sustainability & Energy Efficiency for
Industrial, Manufacturing, Warehouse & Exterior Spaces
(Mar. 1-3); Maximizing Sustainability & Energy Efficiency
for Retail & Hospitality Applications (May 17-19); and
Maximizing Sustainability & Energy Efficiency in Schools,
Offices & Healthcare Applications (Sept. 20-22). Visit
the company website for the complete calendar of all the
classes including the popular Lighting Fundamentals class.
Lighting Fundamentals is available three times during the
year (Feb. 15-17, June 14-16 and Dec. 6-8). This three-day
seminar, which has been well attended for 15 years, is popular
for new hires from many lighting related companies and is an
excellent refresher course for industry professionals.
Cooper Lighting’s heritage of strong brand identity and
art distribution and customer service.
its reputation as a provider of high-quality luminaires has
design issues and changing energy legislation, Cooper
retail, commercial, and institutional facilities worldwide.
In response to growing trends including sustainable
Lighting introduced numerous new innovative products
across 17 brands this year including a new line of
asymmetrical indirect fixtures called Ametrix™ and an
award-winning 3-circuit, hand-bendable, architectural
flexible track system from Halo.
In addition to the extensive rollout of new products,
January 2006
produced effective lighting solutions in the finest residential,
Cooper Lighting’s goal is to maintain their position as an
industry leader by offering products that are founded on
new energy-effective technologies that bring value to their
customers and meet energy and environmental concerns of
the community.
To learn more, visit www.cooperlighting.com.
29
research
M A T T E R S
T
o help the IESNA “celebrate the past and imagine the future,”
performance alone, but rather are
five scientists from the Lighting Research Center offer their per-
subject to many other forces. [7] Until
spectives on where lighting research is headed. John Bullough
fluorescent lamps replaced incan-
explores when to use lighting, not just how much; Yukio Akashi
descents in the 1940s, practical
explains how research can help drive sustainable design; Mariana Figueiro
illuminances tended to fall on the
notes that lighting’s impact goes beyond visible light; Conan O’Rourke looks
escarpment. Afterward, illuminances
at the future of fluorescent lighting; and John Van Derlofske says lighting for
reached the plateau, where perfor-
our roadways must convey meaningful information to drivers.
mance is less sensitive to changes in
illuminance. Since then, illuminance
From “How much?” to
In the century ahead, time will
“When?”
matter in research and application.
John D. Bullough
economic and energy concerns.
Our increasingly brighter nighttime
Obviously, sustainable lighting
The IESNA has long produced
sky, for example, reduces our ability
will play a major role in the coming
guidelines for lighting in vari-
to understand our universe; deter-
century. One way to facilitate this is
ous applications, via its Lighting
mining if and when to turn lights
to reduce illuminances for regular
Handbook and recommended prac-
off outdoors (curfews) will be an
tasks without impairing visual per-
tices. Most recommendations focus
important question. We know that
formance.
on the appropriate quantity of light
morning light exposure has a differ-
A recent demonstration study
for buildings and roadways. Efforts
ent effect on the human circadian
using a simple retrofit task-ambi-
to quantify the illumination neces-
system than night exposure to iden-
ent lighting technique addressed
sary for visual performance filled the
tical lighting.
this question.
20th century.
[6]
Shrinking energy
[8]
This demonstration
Even with recent
resources will make controls more
study reduced ambient illuminance
efforts in lighting quality, recom-
significant in every lighting instal-
by removing one lamp from every
mendations still use numbers like
lation. The IESNA must exercise
three-lamp fixture while maintaining
luminance ratios. The 20th century
wisdom in encouraging research to
task illuminance. This de-lamping
also taught us that not all footcan-
study when, not only how much,
resulted in a change in ambient illumi-
dles are equivalent. Some lamps
lighting is appropriate in the world
nance from 550 lx to 350 lx. Workers
outperform others for rendering col-
of the next century.
accepted this illuminance reduction
[1-3]
ors; life illuminated entirely by low
after a short period, although they
pressure sodium, despite its effi-
Towards Sustainable
initially did not prefer it. The same
cacy, [4] would not be so enjoyable.
Lighting
demonstration study suggested that
Various color-related indices help us
Yukio Akashi
the use of a lamp with relatively
understand lighting better than if we
In the last century, the effects of
more short-wavelength components
know only the quantity. Often, com-
light levels on visual performance
significantly helped maintain room
mon expectations about appropri-
were studied on the basis of bio-
brightness. Room brightness is an
ate relationships between light and
physics. Those studies established
essential element of lighting quality,
color can guide us, evidenced by the
models in which visual performance
as many studies have suggested. [9]
Kruithof curve in today’s Handbook.
for a given luminance contrast was
To further facilitate acceptance
More recently, we’ve learned how
described as a plateau and an escarp-
of sustainable lighting design for
different lamps outdoors can impact
ment as a function of illuminance. [1]
new construction and other applica-
peripheral visibility, even at the same
IESNA’s illuminance recommen-
tions, we must implement measures
dations are not determined by visual
that enhance room brightness while
nighttime level.
30
standards have been affected by
[5]
www.iesna.org
R E S E A R C H M AT T E R S
lowering illuminance.
Thus, the
positive effects of light on sleep
lamps, as it does for most light
true measure of sustainable lighting
quality and rest/activity rhythms in
sources. Fluorescent lamps have
might be showing that we can have
some populations (e.g., older adults
come to dominate many commercial
the best of both worlds—that is,
[19]
we can have acceptable brightness
and premature infants.
) However,
In the late 1930s fluorescent lamps
and lower illuminance. Research that
it is not completely clear how light
became a viable commercial product
bears this out could go a long way
affects others. The effects of elec-
available in daylight, white, gold,
toward helping sustainable lighting
tric light on farmers, for example,
red, blue, pink and green, and had a
gain widespread acceptance.
will likely differ from those on com-
rated life of 1500 hours. They came
puter-aided draftspersons. We must
in tubular shapes (1 and 1 1/2 in.
Health and Well-being
understand the contextual effects
diameters) and in lengths of 18 to
Mariana G. Figueiro
of light before anyone can judge
36 in. The daylight and white lamps
how light impacts human health and
had efficacies of 30 to 35 lumens per
well-being.
watt. [22]
health and well-being. Lewy et al. [11]
Fluorescent Technology
advancements in all aspects of lamp
began this trend with the discovery
Conan O’Rourke
design. Today, fluorescent lamps are
[10]
Over the past century, much
research has focused on under-
, Alzheimer’s disease patients
[21]
[20]
standing how lighting affects human
and industrial applications.
Over the years there have been
that bright white light ceased night-
The last 100 years encompass-
offered in many shapes and sizes.
time production of the hormone
es the entire history of fluorescent
Lamp diameters have decreased
melatonin. More recently, a clearer
understanding has emerged about
light’s characteristics affecting the
circadian system. These differ considerably from those affecting the
visual system.
[12-14]
The discovery
of a novel photoreceptor in the eye
[15]
was a breakthrough, and we now
know that white (polychromatic)
light is a relatively weaker circadian
stimulus than blue (nearly monochromatic) light. [16-18]
In the next century, we will need
to understand better the temporal
characteristics of light exposure and
their effects on the circadian system. We will also need to quantify
the magnitude of light’s effects on
the circadian system in different
contexts. We must translate findings from animal models to humans
appropriately, and we must better
understand the robustness of light’s
effect on the human circadian system in environments where light
is applied. We have found robust,
January 2006
31
R E S E A R C H M AT T E R S
(T2, T4, T5); other diameters (T9,
ber of lamp shapes grew. This is
the lamps. Today we see rated lamp
T10, T17) are being explored. Lamp
where the most change is seen
lives exceeding 30,000 hours.
shapes have changed dramatically.
today. Fluorescent lamps last lon-
Recently, the lamp industry has
They started out as linear shapes,
ger, extended by improvements
felt pressure to be more environ-
then “U” and circular shapes were
in electrode and emissive coating
mentally conscious. Fluorescent
added. When compact fluorescent
design, as well as optimization of the
lamp manufacturers felt this directly,
lamps were introduced, the num-
amounts and types of gases used in
due to the mercury in their lamps.
This has led to lamps containing
lower amounts of mercury.
Looking forward, advances in fluorescent technology will be affected
by manufacturers’ continued pressure to increase performance while
minimizing environmental impacts.
These pressures will change the fluorescent lamp of today into the lamp
of tomorrow. Advances in electrode
coatings, mercury-free gas fill and
electrodeless lamps will likely find
their way into commercially available products over the next century.
Lighting for Information
on Roadways
John Van Derlofske
Visibility elements are critical in
roadway transportation, whether
fixed street lighting, vehicle lighting,
markings, signs or signals. Much
research over the past century has
focused on the visibility of these
elements; after all, one can’t read a
sign one can’t see. However, of equal
importance is the visual information that is provided. A sign that is
clearly visible but unreadable is of
little use.
Conveying accurate information
about the risk drivers face at any
moment is vital. The model of risk
homeostasis theory (RHT), a model
of driver behavior that is contentious
to some,
[23]
states that a driver’s
actual risk is strongly correlated to
the perceived risk, and that behavior
32
www.iesna.org
R E S E A R C H M AT T E R S
34(9):51.
John Bullough is a lighting sci-
For example, a driver might speed
5. He Y et al. 1997. JIES 26:125.
entist and adjunct assistant
up on a well-lit roadway to keep the
6. Figueiro MG. 2003. LD+A 33(2):17.
professor. Research includes
level of risk constant, thus negating
7. Boyce PR. 1996. JIES 25:41.
psychological and biological
any potential safety benefits from
8. Akashi Y, Boyce PR. [in press].
effects of light and transpor-
the lighting. However, if perceived
Energy Build.
tation lighting.
risk is poorly correlated with actual
9. Veitch, JA, Newsham, GR. 1998.
risk, accidents may increase or traf-
JIES 27:107.
Yukio Akashi is a senior research
fic flow may be reduced.
changes to match perceived risk.
[24]
10. Akashi Y. 2003. LD+A 33(7):12.
scientist and adjunct assistant
damental goal for engineering is not
11. Lewy AJ et al. 1980. Science
professor. Research includes
necessarily just to improve visibility,
210:1267.
human factors in energy-effi-
but rather to increase the correla-
12. Rea MS et al. 2002. LR&T 34:177.
cient lighting, security lighting,
tion between actual and perceived
13. Brainard GC et al. 2001. J.
and transportation lighting.
risk. Critics of RHT are still willing to
Neurosci. 21:6405.
accept that changes in driver behav-
14. Thapan K et al. 2001. J. Physiol.
Mariana Figueiro is a program
ior are the result of changes in per-
535:261.
director and adjunct assistant
ceived risk.
[25]
A fun-
15. Berson DM et al. 2002. Science
professor. Research includes
errors in perceived risk is still a valid
295:1070.
photobiology, human factors,
approach, regardless of the validity
16.
of RHT.
NeuroReport 15:313.
[23]
Therefore, reducing
Figueiro
MG
et
al.
2004.
and energy-efficient lighting.
17. Rea MS et al. [in press]. Brain
Conan O’Rourke is a techni-
emphasis will be increasingly placed
Res. Rev.
cal director and director of
on making roadways safer while
18.
using fewer resources. Technology
Neuroendocrinol. Lett. 26.
Information Program (NLPIP).
such as intelligent transportation
19. Figueiro MG. Rea MS. 2005. Proc.
Research
systems and advanced forward-
CIE Midterm Mtg (May 18-21).
efficient lighting and product
lighting systems may enable this
20. Van Someren EJW et al. 1997.
testing.
to occur,
Biol. Psychiatry 41: 955.
As we move into the future,
[26, 27]
but not in the old
Figueiro
MG
et
al.
2005.
the National Lighting Product
includes
energy-
paradigm of visibility alone. A new
21. Rivkees SA et al. 2004. Pediatrics
John Van Derlofske is a senior
engineering approach will have to
113:833.
research scientist, research
treat roadway visibility as a system
22. Cleaver OP et al. 1938. Trans. IES
assistant professor, and head
of interacting elements and optimize
33:918.
of
it to provide meaningful informa-
23. Robertson, LS, Pless IB. 2002. Br.
Research includes brightness
tion. The next century of research in
Med. J. 324:1151.
perception and mesopic visu-
roadway transportation lighting will
24. Wilde G. 1994. Target Risk.
al benefits of headlamps.
focus squarely on this issue.
Toronto: PDE Publications.
transportation
lighting.
25. Rea MS. 2003. Lighting for
References
Information. Presentation at FHWA
1. Rea MS, Ouellette MJ. 1991. LR&T
Roundtable
23:139.
Washington.
2. Weston HC. 1945. The Relationship
26. ITS America. 2002. Intelligent
Between Illumination and Visual
Transport Systems and the Future.
Efficiency. London: HMSO.
www.itsa.org
3. Blackwell HR. 1959. IE 54:317.
27. Hamm M. 2001. PAL 2001, 8:368.
4. Rea MS, Bullough JD. 2004. LD+A
January 2006
Mtg.,
August
19,
Upper, left to right: John Van Derlofske,
Yukio Akashi, John Bullough. Lower, left to
right: Mariana Figueiro, Conan O’Rourke.
33
Legacy Sponsors
GE
T
he IESNA was founded by visionary
proud of its heritage in lighting, having provided key patents
and the opportunity to bring together
Starting with the incandescent lamp, innovation has
leaders who foresaw both the need
in every major light source family.
those who would shape the future of lighting in North
been the foundation of our past and the key to our future.
founded and developed by visionaries who dreamed of a
innovative “game-changers”—promise to dramatically
America. In the same way, General Electric company was
better way of life, driven by technology and innovation.
It was in 1876, the centennial of America, that
Thomas Alva Edison opened a new laboratory in Menlo
Park, New Jersey, where new electrical devices would
originate. It was here that perhaps Edison’s greatest
invention – the first practical incandescent lamp – was
made. This source of light fueled his vision for lighting
the world, and became the cornerstone for the Edison
General Electric Company. Of course, a source of light
needs an electrical distribution system. In 1882, Edison
started operating the Pearl Street Station, the first central
generating station to light New York City.
General Electric Company was formed in 1892 with
the consolidation of the Thomson-Houston and the Edison
Throughout the company, “imagination breakthroughs”—
impact not only our business, but also the way we all live.
From jet engines to power generation, financial services
to plastics, and medical imaging to news and information,
GE employees worldwide are dedicated to turning
imaginative ideas into leading products and services that
help solve some of the world’s toughest problems. GE’s
ecomaginationsm commitment is providing a new and
exciting way to think about GREEN. Ecomagination
focuses our imagination and capabilities on addressing
today’s environmental challenges and developing
tomorrow’s solutions. GE is doubling Green R&D
investment to $1.5 billion by 2010, and is introducing
more ecomagination products each year.
Thomas Edison’s inventive spirit continues to guide our
General Electric Companies. And the stream of inventions
performance in everything we pursue. This rich tradition of
and dedication of teams of people and the leaders who have
company it is today, but it will also provide the foundation
and technical advancements are a tribute to the ingenuity
provided the direction and opportunities for growth. GE is
January 2006
progressive thinking has not only made General Electric the
for the way we work for decades to come.
35
CA R E E R S & H I R I N G
Portrait of
the Perfect
Candidate
By Paul Pompeo
our recipe for the perfect candidate
of the future.
Chris Tedesco of Prisma Architectural
Lighting adds that “receiving technical
training on topics such as ASHRAE/
Education
IESNA 90.1, Title 24, and LEED stan-
Education is more than just class-
dards and qualifications, as well as
room learning and degrees, say sev-
understanding the newest emerg-
eral industry veterans. “Our busi-
ing sources and optical technologies
ness is very technical and requires
will be extremely important.” Finally,
individuals who can ‘think on their
Paresh Shah, a respected profes-
feet,’ “ says Jon Memsic, director
sional in the lighting design commu-
of national accounts and regional
nity, stresses the importance of the LC.
As IESNA enters its second cen-
sales vice president for Holophane.
“Lighting professional certification will
tury, let’s look into our crystal ball
“They need the ability and desire to
be a great plus.”
and try to envision the make-up of
learn new computer programs, as
the “perfect” job candidate within
well as complete complex lighting
the lighting industry.
design layouts for the consulting
“The ideal candidates require a
engineers.”
Lighting Design
Design, along with engineering,
is really the straw that stirs the drink
combination of strong technical capa-
Terry Fraser, general manager
in the lighting industry. Not sur-
bilities and superior ‘soft’ skills, includ-
with Thomas Lighting, adds that his
prisingly, experts say the skill set
ing high creativity, excellent project
company “is looking for candidates
must blend the twin pillars of light-
management skills and solid business
acumen,” says Michelle Barbarone,
human
resources
manager
for
Advance. “Successful candidates also
need to demonstrate an ability to think
beyond the product, market or industry at hand...almost looking at their
E.M. Forster once said, ‘One person with
passion is better than 40 people merely
interested’
market from the ‘outside in’ rather
than from the ‘inside out.’”
Larry Miller, senior vice president
with a college degree and a back-
ing—art and science. Jim Benya,
of human resources with Acuity
ground that includes participation in
principal with Benya Design, argues
Brands Lighting, says he looks “for
extra-curricular activities that exhibit
that “candidates must combine a
creativity, a bias toward risk-taking
leadership and public speaking com-
practical education in lighting tech-
and work/life balance.” Miller adds,
petencies. I think the biggest issue
nology, computer methods, design
“The paradigms have changed. Top
facing candidates today is desire
and design production skills, and
employees must be individually
for continuing education. We’re not
develop a grounding philosophy in
resourceful and know how to func-
looking to hire people who think that
design approach. To date, our higher
tion on teams. They must have intui-
now that they’ve completed their
education programs lack the abil-
tive judgment, but also be fact-based
formal education, they can forget
ity to teach design—something we
decision makers. They never main-
about further educational pursuits.
must learn to do to generate the can-
tain the status quo, but seek continu-
We look for candidates that want
didates we need [for the future].”
ous improvement. They work ‘on’ the
to increase their formal education,
business, not ‘in’ the business.”
whether through an extended major,
designer with Peter & Myer Design
or an M.B.A., as well as striving for
Collaborative, says aspiring designers
industry related credentials.”
should be equally facile in dealing with
With that as a framework, let’s
look at some of the ingredients in
36
David
Orgish,
senior
lighting
www.iesna.org
CA R E E R S & H I R I N G
both technical and creative issues.
John Nadon, business unit brand
Nadon recommends that design-
“Lighting design has changed dra-
manager with Zumtobel Staff Lighting
ers embrace the idea of sales. “While
matically in the past 15 years. As light-
Inc., discusses a personal career path
I loved the design part, doing sales
ing design has gained prominence as
that could serve as a model for other
as well as design lets you see the
a specialty, the focus of many entry-
designers. “I am spoiled in that I got
practical issues that architects, inte-
level candidates has shifted toward
the best start possible in design, and
rior designers and contractors face.
technical competence. This has led,
I look for a similar background in
You see that just thinking in lighting
somewhat indirectly, to a decrease in
designers. I studied theater design
design terms is simply not enough.”
the creative or compositionally driven
and specialized in lighting design
While technical skill and artis-
considerations that are inherent in
based on nothing more than my own
tic flair are paramount, Shah says
a successful lighting design project.
interest. I loved playing with light,
designers shouldn’t underestimate
In that regard, the perfect candidate
and the more I played the more I
the importance of a global network
would be someone who not only pos-
learned. I realized off-the-shelf prod-
of personal contacts. “Design is now
sesses the technical skills to work
ucts wouldn’t do everything I needed.
more of an international process
with the fundamentals of light, but
I got to hand-make lighting fixtures
than it has ever been. The ‘skunk
someone who possesses the creative
to solve lighting problems. I worked
works’ concept still applies, but now
abilities to compose with the medium
also during summers for an electrical
it is worldwide! A designer needs
in a visually dynamic way.”
contractor.”
to have national and international
January 2006
37
CA R E E R S & H I R I N G
sources in terms of contacts—par-
gible, but passion is a critical charac-
now? If you’re in a position in light-
ticularly suppliers and vendors of
teristic, according to many industry
ing where you don’t feel that pas-
components used for the design of
leaders. “I am not big on credentials
sion, seek a different position within
a product.”
but rather on individuals who are
your company. If there is nothing
passionate about lighting and under-
within your company that fires that
stand the value that good lighting
enthusiasm in you, then change
Lighting Systems
One growth area in the industry
brings to everyone’s life,” says Larry
companies. If you cannot find it in
has been lighting systems, as prod-
Powers, president/CEO of Genlyte
lighting, then change industries. The
ucts get integrated and automation
Group. “We need people who want
superior candidates of the future will
becomes a more frequent part of a
to learn all there is to learn about
possess a genuine enthusiasm—not
lighting (and building) package. Over
good lighting and then be able to
a pseudo “rah-rah” attitude but a
the last decade, new technology has
teach and sell what they know to
true passion—for what they do. In
enabled the development of these
others. Our industry has become
the years ahead, the axiom “suc-
“smart” products. Jim Sekinger,
too focused on price and we need to
cessful people do what they love”
director of business development,
focus more on quality and innova-
will never be more true.
digital systems for Advance, feels
tion. If we can find individuals who
this has “increasingly required end
are enthusiastic about what they do
Paul Pompeo is princi-
users to consider the entire system in
they will generally be successful.”
pal with The Pompeo
place rather than just its components
Prisma’s Tedesco says he “recent-
Group in Albuquerque,
(e.g., ballasts, lamps, fixtures, con-
ly had a conversation with a CEO of a
NM, a leading executive
trols, etc). As the market continues
well known European lighting manu-
recruiting firm in the lighting
to embrace and drive such initiatives
facturer. His recipe for success is, ‘In
and electrical industry. Pompeo
as LEED, smart buildings and other
business, as in life, one must have
spent 16 years with Search West
comprehensive approaches to energy
passion, patience and perseverance
Inc. before starting his own firm
efficiency and sustainability, compa-
when striving for their goals.’ He felt
in March of 2003. In 2004 he
ny representatives will need to be
that success is inevitable—it’s only a
became the president of the
knowledgeable in systems, as well as
matter of time. I thought about this
IESNA/Rio Grande section (New
in their own specific product lines.”
for a moment and agreed complete-
Mexico). He can be reached at
ly. Of the three ingredients, the first,
paul@pompeo.com or www.
passion, is probably the most impor-
pompeo.com
Passion
E.M. Forster once said, “One per-
tant—and valuable—for employer
son with passion is better than 40
and employee, alike. This passion
people merely interested.” Ralph
should be held for one’s organiza-
Waldo Emerson said, “Enthusiasm
tion, for the product and service that
is one of the most powerful engines
this organization delivers, and most
of success. When you do a thing, do
importantly for the specific respon-
it with all your might. Put your whole
sibility that the individual is charged
soul into it. Stamp it with your own
with. In sales, this is the ‘aura’ left
personality. Be active, be energetic
behind long after a salesperson
and faithful, and you will accomplish
leaves a client’s office; it is the linger-
your object. Nothing great was ever
ing impression of the individual as
achieved without enthusiasm.”
well as the product and organization
The last ingredient in our recipe
38
that he or she represents.”
for the perfect lighting candidate of
The question is, how do you apply
the future may seem like an intan-
passion to what you are doing right
Make your
VOICE
HEARD!
Join an IESNA
committee:
Fax (212) 248-5017
www.iesna.org
Legacy Sponsors
Holophane
I
n 1898, Otis Mygatt founded the Holophane
of innovative new products. Among them were significant
original optical glass patents from Prof. Andre
glass fluorescent lens, 2 X 4 injection molded fluorescent lens,
Company in New York City, buying the
Blondel and Spiridion Psaroudaki. The name Holophane is
derived from two Greek words, holos, meaning “whole or
entire,” and phanein, meaning “to appear.” Thus the word
“holophane” was defined as “to appear entirely shining.”
In 1905, the general manager of Holophane, Van Rensselaer
Lansingh, collaborated with Louis B. Marks in the founding
of the IES in the Holophane offices in NYC. Several of the
charter members were Holophane employees, including Prof.
Andre Blondel. Lansingh became the first treasurer, later
general secretary, and then president of the Society. At least five
presidents of the IES have been Holophane employees.
The company’s glass manufacturing facilities were
industry firsts, such as: WallpackTM, cobrahead refractor,
integrally ballasted industrial luminaire, direct/indirect HID
unit for industrial and retail, high-mast luminaire, high-mast
lowering device, off-highway luminaire, UL listed hazardous
area lighting, low-brightness efficient fluorescent lens,
Equivalent Spherical Illumination lens, innovative specialty
lighting for food processing and automobile paint inspection,
high-wattage continuously dimmable HID electronic ballast,
and thermal management system for T5 lamps.
During WWII the company was awarded an Army/Navy
“E” award for developing a signaling lens for the Navy that
transmitted light in a frequency invisible to the human eye.
In 1973 Holophane began designing and manufacturing its
established in Newark, Ohio, in 1900, and the early prismatic
own HID Electromagnetic ballasts providing full lamp output,
gas burners, and acetylene and oil lamps. Early refractors were
luminaires. The combination of borosilicate glass, optical design
glass pieces were used to control gas mantles, carbon lamps,
used for gas streetlights, while reflectors were used in interior
applications to enhance the efficiency of the gas mantles.
During the early 1900s, Holophane engineers developed
the initial method to measure both light intensity and
low watts loss and improved thermal characteristics for its own
expertise, high performance ballasts, innovative product leadership
and its own employee sales force has given Holophane a successful,
highly respected position in the lighting marketplace.
Some of the prestigious installations utilizing the company’s
distribution at one of the first photometric laboratories in the
products include: Westminster Abbey, NBC Radio City
one in the US with such a large range of capacity.
Representatives and Senate assembly areas, Olympic Ice
country, showcasing the famous Dibden photometer, the only
By 1910, Holophane reflectors had become so popular
that lamp manufacturers adopted the practice of advertising
Holophane reflectors on every lamp carton and recommending
their use with tungsten lamps. A company booklet dated 1918
specifies the goals of street lighting: “To provide safety from
collision, safety from attack, and convenience in recognizing the
passer-by.”These goals were achieved by utilizing the company’s
refractors, “giving highly efficient results.”
Since its founding Holophane has innovated a myriad
January 2006
Studios (the first inbuilt lighting in a ceiling), US House of
Hockey Stadium in Lake Placid, Queen Elizabeth Way in
Ontario, Notre Dame Athletic Convocation Center, Boeing 747
assembly facility, Newark Airport (NJ), San Francisco Airport,
Dames Point Bridge in Jacksonville, Koin Tower in Portland,
State Street in Chicago, The Embarcadero in San Francisco,
street lighting for the Atlanta Olympics, and millions of other
indoor, outdoor, and specialty lighting projects worldwide.
Holophane Company became part of what is now Acuity
Brands Inc. in July 1999.
41
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T
‘Five years ago it was almost impossible for a
consulting illuminating engineer to get into an
architect’s office’
E. Leavenworth Elliott
Van Rensselaer Lansingh
Louis B. Marks
Edward L. Nichols
Walter D’Arcy Ryan
John W. Lieb
College of New York and at Cor-
century, many major American
duced improvements that had
nell, Louis Bell at Dartmouth and
cities were in the midst of a con-
fueled the see-saw of dominance
Van Rensselaer Lansingh at the
struction boom that would trans-
for 20 years. It was not clear at
Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
form urban skylines and many
the time what would become
nology. They had among the best
industries—lighting among them.
the dominant form of “artificial
of the technical educations that
could be acquired in the U.S. at
‘It has been Proposed to form a
Society...’
By David DiLaura
Lighting’s preeminent historian describes how
visionaries, risk takers, practitioners, academics
and businessmen banded together in 1905-06
to create the IES
M
42
light” and the question of the
1900-1905
the end of the 19 century.
th
most efficacious and economical
Lighting in the five years just
source was far from settled. But
For many, their entry into busi-
before the founding of the Illu-
as competitive as other forms
ness and professional practice
minating Engineering Society
of lighting were, incandescent
was marked by the Panic of 1893
was provided by technologies as
electric lighting was growing
and the serious economic de-
varied as would ever be avail-
the fastest. In 1905, 40 million
pression that followed. Sparked
able. Depending on locale, con-
incandescent lamps were sold in
by a run on treasury gold and
struction and availability, any of
the U.S., and the total spent on
the failure of the Philadelphia
these lighting sources might be
electric lighting for the year was
and Reading Railroad, there was
found in use:
greater than $120 million.
wide-spread panic. Bank fail-
•
Kerosene lighting
ures resulted, followed by other
•
Gas lighting
ogy meant that the men involved
railroad bankruptcies and stock
•
Incandescent gas lighting
in lighting needed to have a com-
with mantles
mand of and experience with a
wide range of technologies.
price collapses. The resulting
This state of lighting technol-
economic depression lasted more
•
Arc lighting
than five years; it was by far the
•
Flame-arc lighting
most serious financial crisis to
•
Incandescent electric lighting
electricity was provided by so-
At the turn of the 20th century,
ost of the men who were
families in a society transformed
have hit the U.S. up to that time,
•
Moore tube discharge lighting
called central stations: buildings
the organizers, found-
by war. Most of the men involved
and the lighting industry was not
•
Cooper-Hewitt mercury-va-
housing dynamos powered by
ers and early members
came from Northern families
above this turmoil.
por discharge lighting
steam engines and the necessary
of the Illuminating Engineering
and so with the post-war pros-
But recovery began near the
Acetylene lighting
gear to control the electric power.
Society were born as the Ameri-
perity were able to obtain good
end of the decade. One mark of
The competition between gas
Central stations owned the wiring
can Civil War was ending, or not
educations. Louis B. Marks, for
this was the increase in construc-
lighting and electric incandes-
that distributed the electric power
long after. Their parents raised
example, was educated at City
tion activity. By the turn of the
cent lighting was fierce and pro-
and sold the final electric applianc-
www.iesna.org
LD+A January 2006
•
43
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T
es to customers that used the elec-
Company and its licensees made
ing. Both groups had been dis-
tricity. The first central station in
the refractive glass globes that
tracted by the tremendous growth
the U.S. was built in San Francisco
had become widely used and
in their industries—growth in ar-
in 1879 and powered the Brush arc-
critically important to electric
eas other than lighting—and light-
lighting system. Companies owned
lighting. Metal reflectors made
ing was not getting leadership
central stations and were usu-
by companies such as the Feder-
from either organization. A bell-
ally given an exclusive license by
al Electric Company, Benjamin
wether of this was the inability of
a manufacturer of lighting equip-
Electric Manufacturing Com-
either group to agree on a single
ment for a territory. Lamps were
pany, and I. P. Frink, were even
standard of luminous intensity to
not purchased from manufactur-
more widely used. A few men
be used in photometry.
The most difficult question discussed that
evening was the matter of the organization’s
name. Not everyone was convinced that it
should contain the word ‘engineer’
First Meeting and
Officers
In October of 1905, Louis Marks,
then an independent consultant,
contacted his colleague Van Rensselaer Lansingh at the Holophane
Glass Company about forming a
ers; they were not available from
from companies that made com-
new society devoted to lighting.
retailers or wholesalers. Lamps
bination fixtures—a gas burner
Their conversations eventually
were sold by the major lamp manu-
and a socket for an incandescent
included E. Leavenworth Elliott
facturers almost exclusively to cen-
lamp—were also involved.
who was about to begin publish-
tral station operators.
The fifth and certainly small-
ing what he called “a technical
The group that founded the So-
est group was consultants and
journal devoted to the use of arti-
ciety and helped it flourish con-
designers of lighting systems,
ficial light,” The Illuminating En-
sisted of men from five areas of
academics and other scientists.
gineer. They wanted to determine
lighting. The men who operated
Not
were
whether there was enough inter-
central stations and those who
among the most instrumental in
est to form such a society, and so
worked for the lamp manufactur-
founding the Society. The most
from Lansingh’s Holophane office
ers constituted two groups of pro-
prominent men in this group
the three issued the following let-
fessionals involved in lighting.
were Louis Marks, Louis Bell,
ter to about 30 men in New York
Norman Macbeth, Clayton Sharp
City and the surrounding area
and Herbert Ives.
that they knew were interested in
Gas companies had been shocked
into renovating their product and
44
surprisingly,
these
service as the competition from
The professional societies most
lighting. Responses were to be di-
electric lighting grew. The men of
having to do with lighting at that
these companies formed a third,
time were the American Institute
entirely separate group involved in
of Electrical Engineers and the
227 Fulton Street.
lighting.
American Gas Light Association.
New York, December 13, 1905.
rected to Marks.
A fourth group was those that
In many ways their inattention to
Dear Sir:-
worked for the many companies
lighting prompted the perceived
It has been proposed to form
that manufactured lighting ap-
need for a professional organiza-
a Society of Illuminating Engi-
pliances. The Holophane Glass
tion devoted exclusively to light-
neers, composed of those people
www.iesna.org
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T
who are especially interested
ing developed one of the first flux
in 1894 to work in the New York
in the question of light and its
integrators. He had published ex-
Edison Company. Lieb was en-
distribution. For this purpose,
tensively on lighting topics and
thusiastic but was aware of po-
the undersigned have asked a
his interest in a new organiza-
tential political problems.
number of those most promi-
tion would have been natural.
The response from W.D. Weav-
nently interested in such ques-
Prof. Edward L. Nichols had
er, editor of Electrical Word, was
tions to meet at the Hotel Astor,
been one of Marks’ instructors
considerably more measured and
44th Street and Broadway, this
while he was at Cornell Univer-
reserved than any other; arguing
city, on Thursday evening, De-
sity earning his master’s degree.
that it was premature to form a
cember 21, at 6:30 o’clock, to
He was a nationally recognized
new organization, and describing
talk over the formation of such a
leader in physics and an impor-
several political problems that
society and to discuss whatever
tant figure in electrical engi-
would likely arise should a new
is necessary to accomplish this
neering and lighting. His status
organization be formed. Weaver
purpose. We trust you will be
and influence made him an ob-
predicted a turf war between the
able to attend this meeting and
vious person to invite. Though
American Institute of Electrical
would ask that you kindly let Mr.
Nichols was unable to attend the
Engineers and any new orga-
L. B. Marks, 202 Broadway, New
meeting, he was enthusiastic.
nization that promoted the idea
York City, know beforehand so
Lansingh knew Proctor Dough-
that specialists should be doing
that arrangements for an infor-
erty from his days at MIT and
the lighting work that was then
mal dinner may be made. The
Dougherty’s connection with the
be done by electrical engineers.
price of this dinner will be $1.00
federal government must have
As it happened, though his letter
each.
been considered promising.
stated he would not be able to at-
Trusting that we may have the
The response from Albert Spies,
tend, he did attend—indicating
pleasure of meeting you at that
editor of The Electrical Age, was
perhaps the importance of the
time, we are,
measured but supportive.
development.
Very truly yours,
At the time of Mark’s invita-
Twenty-five men gathered at
L. B. Marks,
tion, John W. Lieb was an impor-
the Astor Hotel in response to the
E. Leavenworth Elliott,
tant veteran of electric incan-
invitation of Marks, Elliott and
Van Rensselaer Lansingh.
descent lighting, president of the
Lansingh. At that meeting, called
American Institute of Electrical
to order by Lansingh, Marks’s
P.S.-The dinner will be purely
Engineers, the most famous cen-
position as instigator and lead-
informal and business suits will
tral station engineer in the light-
er was recognized and he was
be in order.
ing industry and immensely in-
elected as temporary chairman.
fluential. He would become vice
Elliott was elected to serve as
Among the list of those con-
president and general manager
temporary secretary. This later
tacted were Prof. Charles P. Mat-
of the New York Edison Compa-
appointment was fortunate, for
thews; Prof. Edward L. Nichols;
ny. Lieb had been sent to Milan,
the details about this and sub-
Proctor Dougherty; Albert Spies;
Italy, to oversee the technical
sequent meetings appeared in
John W. Lieb; and W.D. Weaver.
aspects of establishing Edison
Elliott’s The Illuminating Engi-
Charles P. Matthews was teach-
Central Stations. Lieb stayed 10
neer. Marks stated that the pur-
ing at Purdue University and was
years, becoming well known
pose of the meeting should be to
very active in photometry, hav-
throughout Europe. He returned
determine the object of the pro-
LD+A January 2006
45
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T
“to complete the formation of a
that I was obliged to drop all
society devoted to the Science
other work and follow illumi-
and Art of Illumination.” The
nating engineering exclusive-
report of the Committee on Or-
ly. I have now six assistant en-
ganization was read and ad-
gineers and every one of us is
opted without change. The con-
on the go...”
tents had evidently been vetted
The most difficult question dis-
by many interested parties and
cussed that evening was the mat-
changes made before the meet-
ter of the organization’s name.
ing. Officers were then elected:
Not everyone was convinced that
L.B. Marks president, A.A. Pope
it should contain the word “engi-
and C.H. Sharp vice presidents,
neer”—the thought being that it
V.R. Lansingh treasurer and
was elite and would antagonize
E.L. Elliott secretary. Tellingly,
the American Institute of Elec-
Marks was elected by acclama-
posed society and its relation to
trical Engineers. Elliott and Otis
tion, while the other offices had
what he referred to as “its sister
Mygatt, founder of the Holophane
several candidates and required
institution, the American Insti-
Glass
that
balloting. In addition to officers,
tute of Electrical Engineers.”
Company,
argued
part of the purpose of the new
a board of managers was also
That there was a need for a
organization was to further the
elected: W.D. Weaver, A.H. El-
new organization appears to
movement to establish lighting
liott. W.S. Kellogg, E.C. Brown,
have been obvious to all present.
specialists—illuminating
engi-
F.N. Olcott and W. D’Arcy Ryan.
Three of the response letters that
neers—and the name of the orga-
The meeting ended with the
Marks received talked of a move-
nization should reflect that.
agreement that the next meet-
ment to establish illuminating
The meeting ended with all
ing would take place on Tuesday
engineering. The “Illuminating
present agreeing that a Commit-
evening, February 13, again at
Engineering Movement” would
tee on Organization, consisting
the Astor Hotel.
soon become something that
of seven of those present, would
professionals discussed and later
draft a constitution and by-laws
First Meeting,
historians recognized. Work that
and propose a name for the new
First Year
was clearly recognized as illu-
organization. Evidently, everyone
The meeting scheduled for Feb-
minating engineering—separate
involved considered the matter of
ruary 13, 1906 took place at the
from electrical engineering—was
establishing a new organization
Hotel Astor and was the first full
growing and all indications were
appropriate and timely, not need-
technical meeting of the Illumi-
that growth would be main-
ing a great deal of research: the
nating Engineering Society. In
tained. W. D’Arcy Ryan, one of
committee was to have its report
the intervening month, more than
the meeting’s attendees, stated:
ready in two weeks and the next
150 members were enrolled in the
meeting was scheduled to take
new organization, and interest in
place at that time.
establishing branches in other
“Five years ago it was almost impossible for a consult-
46
increased to such an extent
ing illuminating engineer to
On Wednesday evening, Janu-
American cities was immediate.
get into an architect’s office.
ary 10, 1906, at the Hotel Astor,
At this meeting L.B. Marks de-
Three years ago the work had
another meeting was convened
livered his presidential address,
www.iesna.org
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T
outlining “the present state of
•
Natural gas $1.7 million
peared in the New York Tribune
the science and art of illumina-
•
Acetylene $2.5 million
entitled The Art of Lighting.
tion,” the scope of the new So-
•
Oil $60 million
On January 28, 1907, the head-
ciety, its aims and objects, and
The total, about $220 million,
quarters was moved from the
the relation of the new society
was probably an underestimate.
temporary space that had been
to other organizations. Marks
About the scope of the society,
provided by the Holophane Glass
summary of the present state of
Marks noted that:
Company, to an office in the En-
lighting focused on two issues:
“The term ‘engineering,’ as
gineering Societies’ Building,
the problem of discomfort glare
used in the name of this Soci-
at 29 West 39th Street. The first
and providing better value for
ety, unless viewed in its broad
annual meeting was held on
the consumer’s dollar. On dis-
sense, is to a certain extent a
January 7, 1907. By then the or-
comfort glare he noted that:
misnomer, as the Society will
ganization had established itself
attention
deal with some phases of illu-
nationally, with sections in New
has recently been given to
mination that may not proper-
England, Chicago, Pittsburgh,
the subject of globes, shades
ly be said to come within the
Philadelphia
and reflectors, the fact still re-
distinct field of engineering,
Membership stood at 815 at the
mains that unshaded or inad-
such for instance as the phys-
time of that first anniversary
equately shaded lamps are the
iological side of the question.
meeting and the first year’s bud-
rule rather than the exception.
The Society will be interested
get had been $4000.
In considering the present sta-
in every phase of the subject
The Society began publishing
tus of the science and art of
of illumination whether from
immediately. Volume 1, Number
illumination there is perhaps
an engineering point of view
1 of the Transactions of the Il-
no question that is in need of
or otherwise, and will throw
luminating Engineering Society
more
attention
its doors quite as wide open to
appeared in February 1906. In
than this one. The practice
the layman as to the profes-
the 11 months of its first publi-
of placing lights of excessive
sional. It will not, however,
cation year, the Society printed
intrinsic brightness within
deal with questions relating
more than 400 pages of techni-
the ordinary field of vision is
to the production or distribu-
cal presentations and discus-
so common as to cause great
tion of the energy from which
sions dealing with all aspects of
apprehension
the light produced.”
lighting. It has done so continu-
“Though
much
immediate
among
those
who have studied the question
The discussion of Marks presi-
from a physiological point of
dential address was long and
view that our eyesight is suf-
detailed. Those present included
fering permanent injury.”
representatives from all sectors
Marks had done research with
of the lighting industry: electric
current U.S. Census Reports,
and gas suppliers, equipment
Union Carbide (Acetylene) and
manufacturers, consultants and
Standard Oil, and listed the fol-
academics. Enthusiasm arose
lowing consumer costs of light-
from every corner. The meet-
ing for 1905:
ing and its participants drew the
•
Electric light $120 million
attention of the press. The fol-
•
Coal and water gas $40 million
lowing morning an editorial ap-
LD+A January 2006
and
New
York.
ously for 100 years.
About the Author: David L.
DiLaura, Fellow IESNA (Member
1968), has taught illuminating engineering at the University of Colorado, Boulder, for more than 20
years. His development of mathematical procedures
and lighting software programs—used universally
by manufacturers and designers—laid the groundwork for lighting software used today. Prof. DiLaura
recently published a translation of Johann Heinrich
Lambert’s “Photometria” and is author of the new
book, A History of Light and Lighting. A past IESNA
Medal recipient, he also serves as the editor of LEUKOS, the online journal of the IESNA.
47
Legacy Sponsors
Osram Sylvania
O
SRAM SYLVANIA, the North American
subsidiary of OSRAM GmbH that
manufactures SYLVANIA branded lamps,
ballasts, precision materials and components, had its
beginnings in the early 1900s. In 1901 in Middleton,
Mass., Frank A. Poor purchased a half-interest in Merritt
Manufacturing Company, a small firm that refilled burnedout light bulbs. Later, Poor bought out his partner and
moved the plant to Danvers, Mass., changing the name of
the company to Bay State Lamp Company.
In 1909, Poor formed Hygrade Lamp Company to sell
new incandescent lamps made by Bay State. Hygrade was
producing nearly 3,000 units a day by 1911.
Meanwhile, Novelty Incandescent Lamp Company had
been organized in 1905 in St. Marys and Emporium, Pa.,
which attracted the attention of General Motors. General
Motors purchased control of Novelty in 1910 and hired
Bernard G. Erskine to head the operation.
By 1916, Hygrade in Massachusetts had discontinued
filling burned-out lamps, and moved to larger quarters in
Salem, Mass. where new light bulb production reached
11,000 per day.
In 1922, Erskine and two partners bought the Novelty
Lamp Company from GM and created the Nilco Lamp
Works. Lamp production was located at the St. Marys,
Pa., plant. In 1924, Nilco formed the Sylvania Products
Co. to enter the radio tube field. Hygrade also began
manufacturing radio tubes in 1929 in Salem, Mass.
In 1931, Nilco, Sylvania and Hygrade merged to
form Hygrade Sylvania Corporation. The new firm’s two
plants were soon producing 90,000 lamps and 50,000
radio tubes each day.
January 2006
By 1932, the first research on fluorescent lamps had
been started. The end of the decade saw the advent of the
first linear fluorescent lamps. The new lamp was a major
breakthrough in lighting technology, producing much
more lumens per watt and lasting much longer than the
incandescent lamp. Public interest grew when the fluorescent
was first exhibited at the 1939 New York World’s Fair.
Unfortunately, no lighting fixtures were commercially
available for the new light source. In 1940, Sylvania opened
the world’s first fluorescent fixture plant in Ipswich, Mass. A
year later, in Danvers, Mass., the company opened what was
then the world’s largest fluorescent lamp factory.
In 1949, Sylvania Canada Limited was launched with
the establishment of a head office in Montreal, Quebec and
a fluorescent plant in Drummondville, Quèbec.
After World War II, Sylvania Electric was acquired
in 1959 by General Telephone, who wanted a strong
manufacturing subsidiary to fuel the expansion of the
telephone business.
In 1971, the company’s name was changed to GTE
Sylvania Incorporated. Its parent, General Telephone &
Electronics Corporation, reorganized its manufacturing
operations into five worldwide business groups. GTE
Electrical Products was formed in 1980 and Lighting
became part of that group.
In early 1993, OSRAM GmbH purchased GTE’s North
American lighting and related precision materials operations
and OSRAM SYLVANIA was formed. From its humble
beginnings in 1901, the company, headquartered in Danvers,
Mass., has been transformed into a truly international
enterprise and become a worldwide supplier of lamps,
ballasts, and precision materials.
49
I E S : A H I S TO RY
Mission
The IESNA seeks to improve
I E S : A H I S TO RY
Collaboration
IESNA regularly works with other organizations, including:
•
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
the lighted environment
by bringing together those
with lighting knowledge
and by translating that
knowledge into actions that
benefit the public.
Air-Conditioning Engineers
•
•
•
•
•
•
International Association of Lighting Designer
International Association of Lighting Management Companies
International Dark-Sky Association
Lighting Research Office
Distinguished Service Award; and Fellow Designation.
National Council on Qualifications for the
National Electrical Contractors Association
In collaboration with these organizations, the Society develops
publications and other programs for lighting professionals.
The IESNA will build upon
a century of excellence to
KEY Figures
create the premier light-
Individual Members: 8,873
ing community dedicated
Corporate Members: 349
Founded:
January 10, 1906
Periodicals: Lighting Design + Application (LD+A)
LEUKOS, The Journal of the
Illuminating Engineering Society
to promoting the art and
science of lighting to its
members, allied profes-
number of awards for both technical achievement and sercalled, are the Medal Award; the Louis B. Marks Award; the
Lighting Professions
VIsion
Like most professional associations, IESNA bestows a
vice to the Society. The IESNA “Big 4,” as they are sometimes
Lighting Research Center
•
‘Clean
Sweepers’
Q
A
4
William H. Gartley 1909
E.P. Hyde 1910
A.E. Kennelly 1911
Van Rensselaer Lansingh 1912
Charles O. Bond 1914
Charles Amick (1975, 1995, 1985, 1955)
Howard Brandston (1999, 2005, 1985, 1983)
Joseph Murdoch (2004, 2002, 1988, 1979)
Stephen Squillace (1985, 2000, 1984, 1975)
Regions and Sections
George Taylor (1971, 1987, 1969, 1953)
tions, within 10 regions throughout North America.
The years indicate receipt of the Medal, Marks, DSA and Fellow Awards,
respectively.
www.iesna.org
Louis Bell 1908
history of the IESNA to receive all four awards?
IESNA is comprised of 124 sections, including 26 student sec-
50
Clayton H. Sharp 1907
Preston S. Millar 1913
Ian Lewin (1997, 2003, 1992, 1978)
IESNA
Louis B. Marks 1906
Can you name the only six individuals in the 100-year
sional organizations and
the public.
IES Presidents
1906-1930
A.S. McAllister 1914-1915
Charles P. Steinmetz 1915-1916
William J. Serrill 1916-1917
G.H. Stickney 1917-1918
George A. Hoadley 1918-1919
S.E. Doane 1919-1920
George H. Harries 1920-1921
George S. Crampton 1921-1922
Ward Harrison 1922-1923
C.L. Law 1923-1924
E.C. Crittenden 1924-1925
M. Luckiesh 1925 -1926
H.H. Higbie 1926-1927
Norman Macbeth 1927-1928
M.C. Huse 1928-1929
H.H. Magdsick 1929-1930
retrospective
LD+A January 2006
51
I E S : A H I S TO RY
I E S : A H I S TO RY
F
ifty-three years separated publication of the First Edition
information and of time-tested application techniques is recog-
of the IES Lighting Handbook in 1947 and the most re-
nized as the best foundation for future advancement. It is con-
cent version, the Ninth Edition, published in 2000. More
ceived by the Society that this Handbook will provide its readers
than 100 contributing specialists—engineers, architects, physi-
with the essential information required in their daily work...”
cists, decorators, artists and ophthalmologists—offered their
—Robert W. McKinley
expertise to the First Edition. Three times that number were
2000—The Editor Writes...
involved by the time of the Ninth Edition.
Julius Daniels 1931-1932
J.W. Barker 1932-1933
J.L. Stair 1933-1934
“Many of us believe that the ninth edi-
have taken place in the lighting profession. The initial emphasis
tion of the IESNA Lighting Handbook rep-
A.L. Powell 1934-1935
on “quantity” (in the form of recommended illuminances) has
resents a watershed in lighting practice.
L.A.S Wood 1935-1936
given way to a philosophical shift toward “quality.”
Over the past 20 years there has been a
G.B. Regar 1936-1937
What follows is a look back at what the editor of the First Edi-
movement in lighting practice from illu-
H.B. Dates 1937-1938
tion (Robert W. McKinley) and the editor of the Ninth Edition
minating engineering to lighting design,
D.W. Atwater 1938-1939
(Mark S. Rea) had to say in the respective Prefaces to the Hand-
a movement from calculations of illumi-
book about the effort they had just spearheaded.
nance to judgments of aesthetics, a move-
1947—The Editor Writes...
T h e IES N A Han d b o o k
W.F. Little 1930-1931
Indeed, the evolution of the Handbook reflects the changes that
ment from quantity to quality. For the first time, the IESNA has,
Quantity
& Quality
IES Presidents
1930-1955
through this edition, formalized recommendations of lighting
“Through the years since 1906, the Illuminating Engineer-
quality, reflecting this movement in lighting practice.
L.H. Graves 1939-1940
A.D. Cameron 1940-1941
Willard Brown 1941-1942
R. B. Brown, Jr. 1942-1943
Howard M. Sharp 1943-1944
ing Society has been publishing the findings of the leaders in the
“These formal recommendations are provided in a matrix
fields of lighting application and research. In addition to the 41
entitled the IESNA Lighting Design Guide. The Guide includes
S.B. Williams 1944-1945
volumes of its journal, the I.E.S. Film, and the many lighting in-
recommendations on important lighting design criteria such
A.F. Wakefield 1945-1946
stallation data sheets, pamphlets and books prepared under its
as eye-source-task geometry, flicker, color, and glare. They are
G.K. Hardacre 1946-1947
sponsorship, there is today so much excellent literature on light-
provided alongside the traditional recommendations of illumi-
R.W. Staud 1947-1948
ing published by others that it has become exceedingly difficult
nance for a wide variety of applications. The intent of the Guide
to keep abreast of advancement along the ever-expanding light-
is to broaden the perspective of lighting practitioners and to di-
ing horizon. For one person to collect and digest the findings of
rect them to specify higher quality lighting...”
—Mark S. Rea
the past half-century of progress would require a life-time of
L.E. Tayler 1948-1949
C.H. Goddard 1949-1950
Walter Sturrock 1950-1951
S.G. Hibben 1951-1952
research. Nevertheless, an understanding of the basic technical
E.M. Strong 1952-1953
A.H. Manwaring 1953-1954
D.M. Jones 1954-1955
T HE Y E A R WAS
1906
52
An earthquake and fire
destroy San Francisco
on April 18, killing 530
and causing $350 million
worth of damage.
www.iesna.org
Congress adopts the
Preservation of American
Antiquities Act, designed
primarily to protect historic
sites for posterity.
LD+A January 2006
President Theodore
Roosevelt is awarded
The Nobel Peace Prize.
Women’s rights pioneer
Susan B. Anthony and
painter Paul Cezanne die.
53
I E S : A H I S TO RY
I E S : A H I S TO RY
Regions &Sections
Canadian Region
Bluenose
Fiddlehead
Montreal
National Captial
Northumberland
Toronto
Winnipeg
Carleton University
Northeastern Region
Central New York
Down East
Long Island
Mid-Hudson Valley
Mohawk Hudson
New England
New Jersey
New York
Rhode Island
Western New England
Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute
University of Hartford
University of New Hampshire
East Central Region
Blue Ridge
Capital
Lehigh Valley
Maryland
Philadelphia
Susquehanna
Tidewater Virginia
Virginia
Drexel University
Penn State Universtity
Great Lakes Region
Buckeye
Cleveland
Indiana
Miami Valley
Michigan
Ohio Valley
Pittsburgh
Rochester
Summit City
Toledo Area
Western Michigan
Western New York
Eastern Michigan University
Indiana University
Kent State University
University of Michigan
Midwest Region
Blackhawk
Central Kansas
Chicago
Great Plains
Flint Hills
Heart Of America
Iowa
Madison
Milwaukee
St. Louis
Twin Cities
Kansas State University
Milwaukee School of
Engineering
So. Illinois University
University of Illinois
University of Kansas
University of Minnesota
University of Wisconsin at
Stevens Point
Northwest Region
British Columbia
Chinook
Northern Gateway
Northern Lights
Oregon
Puget Sound
Vancouver Island
University of Oregon
Southern Region
East Carolina
Georgia
Greater Triad
Mid-South
IES Presidents
1955-1980
Palmetto
Piedmont
Smoky Mountain
Tar Heel
Tennessee Valley
NC A&T University
Southeastern Region
Alabama
Central Florida
Gulf Coast
Intracostal
Mississippi
Northeast Florida
Puerto Rico
Southeast Florida
West Florida
Auburn University
South Pacific
Coast Region
Arizona
Southern Arizona
Golden Gate
Hawaii
Inland Empire
Las Vegas
Los Angeles
Mission
Mother Lode
Orange
San Diego
Sierra Nevada
Utah
University of Southern Cal.
Southwestern Region
Alamo
Arkansas
Central Oklahoma
Mexico
New Orleans
North Texas
Rio Grande
Rocky Mountain
San Jacinto
Texas Capital
West Texas
Texas A&M University
Texas Christian University
Universidad Nacional
Autonoma
University of Colorado
University of Houston
University of Texas at Austin
R.F. Hartenstein 1955-1956
M.N. Waterman 1956-1957
K.M. Reid 1957-1958
George J. Taylor 1958-1959
J.B. Browder 1959-1960
R.G. Slauer 1960-1961
J.R. Chambers 1961-1962
G.F. Dean 1962-1963
J.D. Mitchell 1963-1964
Charles L. Amick 1964-1965
W.P. Lowell, Jr. 1965-1966
C.C. Keller 1966-1967
A.S. Tylor 1967-1968
John J. Neidhart 1968-1969
R.M. Zabel 1969-1970
T. Llew Cordle 1970-1971
J.W. Griffith 1971-1972
Robert T. Dorsey 1972-1973
G.W. Clark 1973-1974
George H. Cornish 1974-1975
Kurt Franck 1975-1976
Italics Denote Student Chapter
Carl J. Long 1976-1977
David H. Patterson 1977-1978
Will S. Fisher 1978-1979
John E. Flynn 1979-1980
Traian Vuia, Romanian inventor,
builds the world’s first selfpropelled heavier-than-air aircraft.
54
The 1906 Ford Model N,
America’s most popular
car, sells for $500.
Supreme Court
Justice William
Brennan is born.
www.iesna.org
Renowned architect
Stanford White is killed
by New York playboy
Harry K. Thaw.
LD+A January 2006
The muffuletta
(sandwich) is
invented in New
Orleans.
Mark Twain writes
What Is Man?
55
I E S : A H I S TO RY
I E S : A H I S TO RY
P
rojects are submitted; judges meet; projects advance
LD+A, June 1974, entitled, “The LDA program-some patience
through the Section, Region and International levels; de-
please,” editor Chuck Beardsley writes “much of the difficulty
signers are feted at the IESNA conference luncheon; and
this year can be attributed to a failure to answer adequately
their work is featured in LD+A. It all runs like clockwork, right?
the 25 criteria questions—if at all. In fact, many nominators
Today, perhaps the answer is yes. But the journey to this point has
submitted a script and disregarded the criteria entirely. This
been half the fun. Here’s at glimpse at how the Society’s earlier
approach was acceptable under the rules of the old IES Light-
Stephen S. Squillace 1981-1982
award programs spawned the IIDA.
ing Competition but misses the point of the new program...”
Lewis S. Sternberg 1982-1983
The program is implemented at the Section, Region and Inter-
Howard M. Brandston 1983-1984
•
The Lighting Competition
•
•
national levels, while awards of Distinction, Excellence and
The Society’s official awards competition until 1973.
Projects are evaluated against each other, rather than judged
•
on their own merits. The competition begins losing prestige
•
and fails to attract significant project submissions.
A rival program emerges, as the New York Section of the IESNA
•
Merit are given—the basic framework still in use today.
The first year of the Lighting Design Awards results in 71
Richard C. LeVere 1987-1988
Designers Ralph Hopkinson and Newton Watson become the
Roger L. Knott 1988-1989
recognize the designer, rather than the project. First-year re-
London Stock Exchange.
•
•
On the Way To THE
IIDA
The Lighting Design Awards replace the Lighting Competi-
The Lighting Design Awards are recast in 1984 as the IIDAs to
Russell D. Churchill 1992-1993
reflect the “international character of the program.”
Joseph B. Murdoch 1993-1994
The new name also removes any confusion about the maga-
Jack L. Lindsey 1994-1995
zine’s role in the prior LDA program. As Beardsley wrote in
Competition Committee in the February 1973 issue of LD+A.
1974, “the LDA program is related to LD+A, the magazine, in
Thomas M. Brownlee 1995-1996
The new program is not a “competition”; rather it offers the
name only. The magazine’s staff plays no role in judging or
Diarmuid J. McSweeney 1996-1997
managing the program.”
David J. Geyman 1997-1998
ers of the installation are to receive awards, as well.
•
Ultimately, the rigid criteria of the LDA nominating process
At the heart of the new program is a three-part design cri-
are relaxed. Today, a maximum 250-word project description
teria (design, problem/solution and contribution to the light-
and 10 images are required.
ing art) to which the nominator must relate the installation
•
Jerry W. White, Jr. 1991-1992
tion in 1974. The announcement is made by the IES Lighting
chance to celebrate a designer’s submission. In addition, own-
•
•
Stephen L. Spier 1989-1990
Donald C. Thomas 1990-1991
IIDA
•
Rita M. Harrold 1985-1986
final judging.
first Award of Distinction recipients for their lighting of the
Lighting Design Awards
James E. Jewell 1984-1985
Robert V. Day 1986-1987
creates the Lumen Awards in 1968. The Lumens are meant to
By 1971, the Lumens warrant 12 pages of coverage in LD+A.
Donald R. Marcue 1980-1981
nominations from 26 sections; 21 submissions advance for
cipients include Jules Fisher, David Mintz and Lesley Wheel.
The International
Illumination Design Awards
program turns 33 in 2006.
A look at how we got here
IES Presidents
1980-2006
in question.
The entry form includes a daunting 25 questions related to
the above three criteria. In an analysis of the new program in
•
•
Joseph M. Good, III 1998-1999
Ian Lewin 1999-2000
Today, the IIDA program composes four parallel programs honor-
Martyn K. Timmings 2000-2001
ing indoor, outdoor, residential and energy/environmental design.
Pamela K. Horner 2001-2002
In 2005, more than 500 IIDA entries were received; 16 re-
Randy Reid 2002-2003
ceived international awards.
Ronnie Farrar 2003-2004
Craig A. Bernecker 2004-2005
Alan L. Lewis 2005-2006
900 athletes from 20 countries
participate in the Olympics in
Athens, Greece.
56
Britain takes the Sinai.
www.iesna.org
The Chicago White Sox defeat
the Chicago Cubs in the World
Series.
LD+A January 2006
Royal Canadian
Navy is formed.
A cyclone named
Regina tears the city of
Alberta, Canada apart
in three minutes.
57
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T
Lamp Technology
Ami Argand 1782, France
Invents what came to be called the “Argand Burner,” which used a circular wick to
bring more oxygen to a flame, resulting in a
significant increase in light output. Uses the then-new
theory of combustion by oxygen proposed by Lavoisier.
Adds the use of glass chimneys for lamps.
Robert Coble 1955, U.S.
Produces highly translucent aluminum oxide (Lucalox), enabling the development of high-pressure
ThE PIONEERS
sodium lamps, which helped transform roadway
lighting.
William Coolidge 1909, U.S.
Develops ductile tungsten wire, which represented a
As the Society turns 100, we present
91 individuals who helped shape the industry
radical change in incandescent lamp efficacy.
A Centennial Subcommittee, asked to present a final
list, identified a total of 77 lighting notables and, based
on their area of achievement, separated them into
Peter Cooper-Hewitt 1902, U.S.
Involved in the development of low-pressure mercury discharge lamps.
nine groups. The groups are lamp technology; lu-
I
t has always been intended that a list of notable lighting personages
optics/color; vision; education; application; and
The Wizard of Menlo Park in-
be a part of the IESNA’s Centennial activities. However, lighting did
design. Where they could be identified, the year
vents the first practical, commercial
not begin on January 10, 1906, nor has it been limited to the Society
of each pioneer’s work and the country in which it
incandescent lamp and support-
since then. The founders of the Society built on the research, develop-
took place are included. The subcommittee mem-
ing electric generation equipment
bers also identified 14 industrialists responsible for
to produce the first incandescent
ment and effort of those who had been there before them.
An initial list of lighting notables was developed by the past presi-
founding some of the first companies in the industry.
Not everyone on the following list is from North
ther by the History and Heritage Committee, under the leadership of
America and not everyone was a part of the lllumi-
Viggo Bech Rambusch, and by members of the Centennial Commit-
nating Engineering Society. But each individual has,
Discovers and uses the tungsten-halo-
tee. Valuable contributions of names were made by Prof. David Di-
in some way, influenced what we do today in our
gen cycle within a quartz bulb to produce
Laura and more recent individuals were suggested by past president
work in light and vision and has helped us in the
a new incandescent lamp. This greatly
Pam Homer. A number of others made suggestions, extensive or brief,
ways in which we bring the benefits of lighting to
but always helpful.
the user public.
www.iesna.org
Coble Coolidge Hewitt
lighting system.
dents of the Society led by Richard LeVere. This was developed fur-
58
Argand
Thomas Edison 1879-82, U.S.
minaire development; measurement; calculation;
Edison
Fridrich
Germer
Holonyak
Inman
Thayer
Langmuir
Louden
Elmer G. Fridrich 1954, U.S.
improves lumen maintenance.
LD+A January 2006
Schmidt
Murdock
Reiling
Swan
59
Waymouth
Weisbach
Yablochkov
Blondel
Dobras
Stair
Bunsen
Dibdin
Judd
Kruss
Nickerson
Nuttin
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T
Edmund Germer 1926, Germany
Gilbert Reiling 1959-64, U.S.
Designs and patents the modern fluores-
Measurement
Robert Bunsen 1843, Germany
Develops the metal halide high-
cent lamp. Proposes that the long glass dis-
pressure discharge lamp.
charge tubes be coated with phosphors that
would be excited by ultraviolet radiation of a low pres-
Develops the so-called “grease-
Proposes using values of spectral luminous
spot photometer” used in virtually
efficiency, with the spectral power distribu-
all photometry for 50 years.
tion of sources, to define light in a complete
Joseph Swan 1878, England
sure mercury discharge.
physical way. Adopted by the CIE in 1923.
Invents and produces an incandescent
Nick Holonyak 1962, U.S.
Creates the first practical light emitting
diode with a visible spectrum.
Ernest Rousseau 1885, Belgium
Develops the first gonio-photometer (he
ing dissolved cellulose through a die and
called it a “radial photometer”) for the ex-
Develops the first distribution photometer
tensive measurement of spatial distribu-
and what is now known as the Rousseau Di-
tions of light sources (gas and electric in-
agram to determine the total lumen output
candescent).
of a light source from its luminous intensity
John F. Waymouth 1960-70, U.S.
1936, U.S.
William Dibdin 1889, England
lamp using a filament made by squirtforming a firm, uniform thread.
George E. Inman & Richard N. Thayer
Perley G. Nutting 1907, U.S.
Pioneers the use of discharge lamps.
distribution.
Deane Judd 1927-69, U.S.
Invent the practical fluorescent lamp.
Carl Auer von Welsbach 1890, Austria
Irving Langmuir 1913, U.S.
Instrumental in the discovery and application of gas
films that led to gas-filled incandescent lamps (and
While at the National Bureau of
W.S. Stiles 1925-1961, England
Develops the incandescent gas mantle. This great-
Standards, extends the industry’s
At the National Physical Labo-
ly improves the efficacy of gas lighting, revitalizing
knowledge of vision and helps codi-
ratory, studies human vision to
fy colorimetry and photometry at national and
develop standards dealing with
that industry.
much-improved efficacy). Wins the Nobel Prize in
international levels.
light and color.
Hugo Kruss 1898, Germany
Benjamin Thomson 1794, Germany
Pavel Yablochkov 1876, France
Chemistry in 1932.
Invents the first, simple, practical elecWilliam Louden & Kurt Schmidt
tric-arc lighting system (no moving parts,
1962, U.S.
Develops the first gonio-photometer.
using alternating current). This triggers
Develop the high-pressure sodium
Develops first systematic photometric assessment of light sources and their economic
Dorothy Nickerson U.S.
wide-spread use of outdoor electric-arc lighting.
lamp.
evaluation based on light output.
A color technologist with the
U.S. Department of Agriculture,
William Murdock 1798, England
Jules Gabriel Violle 1884, France
creates color system known as
Proposes an “absolute standard of light”—a
Creates the first practical gas lighting sys-
the Nickerson Color Fan. The
fixed luminous area of platinum at its melt-
tem using the distillation of gas from coal
“fan” came in the form of a small booklet that
ing point. Eventually adopted in 1948 for the
and piping the result to burners.
fanned out to display 262 color samples coded
SI unit of luminous intensity.
to numbers in the Munsell color system.
Luminaire Development
Andre Blondel 1897, France
Designs and patents the prismatic globe for controlling light,
greatly increasing the area from which it appears to be emitted.
The result: lower source luminance without a loss in efficiency.
J.L. Stair 1920-36, U.S.
Quenton Dobras U.S.
on topics ranging from equip-
Authors influential articles
Develops the parabolic wedge louver including small-cell (1/2 by
1/2 by 1/2 in.) plastic prototypes for the lighting fixture industry.
60
www.iesna.org
ment maintenance to louvered
lighting in IES Transactions.
LD+A January 2006
61
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T
Calculations
Optics/Color
David DiLaura 1981, U.S.
Augustine Fresnel 1823, France
Albert H. Munsell 1905, U.S.
Advances procedures for point-by-point calculations. Develops light-
Invents what’s now known as the
Develops a practical, widely used
ing software for hand-held programmable calculators and then personal
Fresnel lens. It’s used ubiquitously
system of color notation and speci-
computers.
in lighting equipment.
fication.
Ward Harrison 1920, U.S.
David MacAdam U.S.
Develops a system of empirical coefficients of utilization and a method
G.H. Stickney 1910, U.S.
Develops system for differentiation of colors
for their use in lighting design.
known as “MacAdam Ellipses,” which when
Authors paper entitled “Color Values of Light
from Electric Lamps” in IES Transactions.
applied to the CIE Chromaticity Diagram deJ. Roy Jones & John Neidhardt 1951, U.S.
Develop the “zonal system” for specifying luminaire distributions to determine
scribes minimum differences required for col-
Gunter Wyszecki 1950s-82,
ors to be differentiated.
Canada
their coefficients of utilization.
As a researcher at the National
Robert McPhail 1950s, U.S.
Bill F. Jones 1959, U.S.
Proposes the system of “cavities” to describe a room for lighting calculations. It becomes the “zonal cavity” system adopted by the IES.
Research
Council,
influential
Invents the conical light controlling prism for
contributor to color science, particularly
use with fluorescent lamps—a design which has
through two books on colorimetry and pho-
been widely copied and imitated in commercial
tometry co-authored with Deane Judd and
lighting equipment.
W.S. Stiles.
Merle Keck 1980s-90s, U.S.
Develops a computer program that addresses visibility in roadway
lighting design.
Vision (related directly to lighting)
Johann H. Lambert 1760, Germany
Willard Allphin U.S.
Authors Primer of Lamps and Lighting.
Writes the first complete system of illuminating engineering concepts
and disability glare research, instrumentation and
computation.
and calculations.
H. Richard Blackwell 1946-59, U.S.
Philip O’Brien 1955-60, U.S.
Sylvester K. Guth 1948-63, U.S.
Conducts experiments relating standard task
Develops modern radiative transfer techniques in lighting calcula-
contrast and luminance to detection performance.
tions (the earliest applications of analog and digital computers to the
The work extends to realistic tasks and develop-
computations of factors required to calculate CUs for luminaires). These
ment of a system for specifying illuminance crite-
are incorporated in the “zonal cavity” system adopted by the IES.
ria. System adopted by the IES in 1958.
Develops methods for evaluating discomfort glare.
L.L. Holladay 1920s, U.S.
Develops glare formulae. His early experiments
Wentworth Potter 1940s, U.S.
Gertrude R. Ferree 1920s, U.S.
Does early work on room coefficients of utilization. Sets up full-scale
A doctor of psychology, she studies how lighting
rooms to measure CUs. During World War II, develops a signaling mirror
affects how people see color. Later works on light-
(with the cross in the middle) so that soldiers on the ground could aim the
ing design of the Holland Tunnel.
have practical application to typical lighting situations.
Arthur Konig 1891
reflected sunlight accurately toward aircraft.
Glenn Fry 1950-60, U.S.
62
on discomfort glare stand for decades and prove to
www.iesna.org
Does large-scale measurement of spectral re-
Helps establish the scientific foun-
sponse of human vision at high and low light lev-
dations of optometry and vision-relat-
els. Determines the relative brightness of different
ed matters related directly to lighting.
wavelengths. Data is used by Perley Nutting in the
Areas of expertise include discomfort
first analytic determination of the lumen.
LD+A January 2006
63
C E L E B R AT I N G T H E PA S T
Samuel P. Langley 1888, U.S.
First to systematically measure relative spectral
credited with 11 U.S. patents and writes 28 books
Design
and 860 technical articles.
John Flynn & Sam Mills 1970s, U.S.
Hurbert Claude Weston 1926-45, England
Graphics, a pioneering reference for
Authors of Architectural Lighting
response of human vision and show that different
wavelengths had different visual power.
ish Art and Studies and the Seagram Building.
Conducts extensive, realistic experiments to deMatthew Luckiesh 1911-48, U.S.
termine visual speed and accuracy of visual per-
Flynn
Stanley McCandless 1930s, U.S.
the design of lighting elements such
In his book, A Method of Lighting the Stage, the
as coves, spot lighting and luminaire
Yale professor articulates what’s now known as the
Referred to as the “Father of the
formance as functions of task size, contrast and
placement. Flynn and a team of researchers also
Science of Seeing,” he is involved
luminance. Develops first systematic model for vi-
publish an influential series of papers on the psycho-
with vision, optics, measurements,
sual performance.
logical effects of lighting.
four-point McCandless Technique.
Robert W. McKinley 1947, U.S
light sources and virtually every
Serves as editor of the first IES Handbook. Also, a leadSamuel G. Hibben U.S.
aspect of lighting applications. Is
ing expert in the use of passive solar energy and interna-
Designs early special electric lighting effects for
Education
Application
monuments such as the Statue of Liberty and the
Louis Bell 1902, U.S.
James R. Cravath 1906-10, U.S.
Golden Gate Bridge. Works on solutions to military
Produces first widely used general textbook on lighting, The Art of
Illumination. Also a founding member of the IES.
H.H. Higbie 1920s-30s U.S.
Authors papers in IES Transactions on illumination of reading rooms
His writings on residence lighting, il-
lighting problems and experiments with lights re-
Considered the greatest practitioner of
sponding to a whole spectrum of needs, from under-
outdoor lighting of the age. He lights Niagara
fixture design and store lighting, among
water explorations to artificial plant growth.
Falls in 1907 and designs and installs the
other topics, appear frequently on the
lighting for the entire Pan Pacific InternaThomas Jefferson 1780s-early 1800s, U.S.
pages of IES Transactions.
Warren Edman 1960s, U.S.
Develops theory and practice of high-
1930s-40s, U.S.
mast lighting systems for roadway inter-
At MIT, they study lighting in empty rooms. Create the
change lighting. Extends this concept to
first photorealistic images using radiosity methods.
design of the Virginia Capitol and the Uni-
to be the first person in the U.S. to hold the title “illuminat-
versity of Virginia.
ing engineer.”
John Waldram 1953, England
Helps found the lighting design profession by starting
terior Lighting.”
the Kimball Museum of Fine Arts, the Yale Center at Brit-
Translates from the French and augments the first widely used text-
constituted the first “major electric
book on photometry, A Treatise on Industrial Photometry. The book is
lighting project”—the Engineering So-
used in many early electrical engineering departments in the U.S.
cieties Building in New York City, the
The Industrialists
one-time offices of the IES.
Those who formed pioneering lighting companies.
Head of the Illuminating Engineering program at Case
Authors the groundbreaking paper “Studies in In-
Participates in what might have
Russell C. Putnam 1950s, U.S.
Mary Weber U.S.
Institute of Technology (now Case Western Reserve Uni-
A residential lighting pioneer, she
versity). Develops classroom and other educational facili-
helps establish practical criteria for
ties lighting, for example full-scale mock-ups where students could try
portable lamp shade dimensions and
out lighting ideas.
light transmissions.
Everett Strong 1940s, U.S.
Furthers electrical engineering education while at Cornell University.
64
tury of Progress Exposition at Chicago in 1933. Believed
his own practice before entering college. Projects include
C.E. Knox 1907, U.S.
tional Exhibition of 1915 in San Francisco and the Cen-
Employs daylighting techniques in the
Richard Kelly 1930s, U.S.
other large nighttime work areas.
Spencer
George W. Patterson 1896, U.S.
W. D’Arcy Ryan early 1900s, U.S.
luminating engineering in small cities,
(libraries) and how glass affects daylighting.
Parry Moon & Domina E. Spencer
tionally recognized authority on glass and glazing.
www.iesna.org
Founders
Company
Anton & John Kliegl
Kliegl Brothers
Bernhard & Moses Blitzer
Lightolier
Lighting
A.D. Curtis
Curtis Lighting
John W. Lieb
Electrical Testing
Thomas Edison
General Electric
Laboratories
Edwin F. Guth
St. Louis Brass Co.
Otis Mygatt
Holophane Company
(renamed Edwin F.
Edison Price
Edison Price Lighting
Guth Co.)
Frode C.V. Rambusch
Rambusch
Harvey Hubbell
Hubbell Lighting
Decorating Company
Samuel B. Herst
Peerless Lighting
F.W. Wakefield
Wakefield Lighting
LD+A January 2006
65
IMAGINING THE FUTURE
What They’d Like
to Light
A group of lighting
designers describe
their ‘dream projects’
“I
n your wildest dreams, if you had the chance to
light one thing, what would it be?” LD+A recently
put that tantalizing question to 10 lighting design-
ers. Their responses ranged from the ultra-specific (“a
herd of bison in Yellowstone Park”) to the broadly abstract
(“nature”), while one designer dreams simply of seeing
one of her existing designs actually implemented.
LD+A January 2006
67
IMAGINING THE FUTURE
Paul Deeb, Vox Arts
I would choose something very large and aban-
Larry Wilson, Rink
Design Partnership, Inc.
doned, or very large and industrial (and not too new
The slowly roaming herds of
or clean). Potential candidates would be abandoned
dark mahogany bison, some-
strip mines, electric power plants, refineries and
times 50 strong, in Yellowstone
factories. Something that looks like the inside of a
National Park. In the fresh De-
1950s’ TV set on a massive scale. Lighting is an in-
cember snow, I would illuminate
herently abstract art. As designers using this me-
the herd at the fading golden
dium, our more imaginative moments tend to ex-
light of dusk. I would softly graze
ist in a largely ephemeral context or fall within the
the herd in warm amber light,
penumbra of architecture’s solar grandeur. It would
while tracking several magnifi-
be a visceral and exciting challenge to ring beauty
cent specimens with follow spots
from the bell of industrial blight, and perhaps for a
as they move across the horizon.
moment escape the gravitational pull of our archi-
The light would be low, almost
tectural sun.
perpendicular, to the ground creating long abstract shadows mysteriously glistening in the fresh
snow. As night falls, my dimming
Rodrigo Manriquez,
light would create a surrealistic
The SmithGroup
scene of prehistoric forms dis-
I would capture the effect of waves crashing into
the sand at dusk. A programmable lighting system
appearing, one by one, into the
purple blue night.
would up-light the surf as it approaches the shore,
slightly increasing in intensity and hue. I would
accent the foam at the surface with flashing white
light to achieve a similar effect of the cloud cover
during a lightning storm. While emphasizing the
instant when the waves impact the ocean floor, the
result would orchestrate a big bang of brightness.
Pamela Hull Wilson,
PHW Architectural
Channing P. Lillo, RSA Engineering
Lighting Design
I would like to design a large exterior aurora bo-
I would produce a glowing
realis display in a winter theme park. The aurora
fleet of internally lighted blimps,
borealis, in my opinion, is the most spectacular
which would bring enjoyment to
lighting display and natural wonder that we have,
the crowds below.
and to try and duplicate its random, almost hypnotic, shifting patterns and colors would be an incredible challenge.
68
www.iesna.org
IMAGINING THE FUTURE
David Orgish, Peters &
Myer, Lighting Studio of
O’Mahony & Myer
Giulio Pedota, Schuler Shook
It is in the presence of nature’s beauty we are reminded that we are humans belonging to a much
It is a totally imaginary project,
bigger world. Therefore, in my wildest dreams, I
a library, a community center, or
would light nature by recreating the sun’s effect,
just a plain white box. It is always,
well into the night. I would light all the mountains
though, one in which lighting
as Cape Town’s Table Mountain is illuminated at
is the quintessential perceptual
night—except with different colors, mimicking the
experience. No distractions, just
sunset and the moon. I would light all the trees and
form, space and light. It is within
flowers on every street; I would even illuminate the
the context of this “dream proj-
sea. All nature, illuminated without pretense, with
ect” that I put Flynn’s work about
dignity, prolonging its diurnal beauty into the night
subjective impressions to the
to become all visible when we turn off the lights.
test. I paint Kelly’s layers of light
across surfaces in different ways
to affect perception and Turrell’s
Daniel E. Edenbaum,
colors provide depth/emotion.
Drago Illumination
I have always wanted to do the lighting for a rock
Derek Porter, Derek
concert. Ever since my high school and college
Porter Studio/Director,
days in theatrical lighting, when I listen to music
MFA Lighting Program,
I will sometimes imagine lighting patterns and ef-
Parsons The New School
fects, usually in a stage concert setting. I use my
for Design
mind’s eye and interpret the music into light. I got
I would choose to light a beauti-
a taste of this once when I had an opportunity to
ful “circumstance.” To light “one
design a special show for the Benjamin Franklin
thing” emphasizes the illuminated
Bridge’s 75th Anniversary. To light a rock concert,
subject (thing) as being the pri-
especially for one of my favorite bands, would defi-
mary consideration in measuring
nitely be a dream come true.
an exceptional design, thus limiting opportunity. As an alternative, “circumstance” directs focus
Julie Panassow,
to subtle relationships between
The Lighting Practice, Inc.
time and place that influence an
I would like to see the installation of a lighting
experience. This opportunity ex-
design we created for an urban renewal project
ists everywhere, regardless of sub-
along Baltimore Avenue in West Philadelphia. We
ject specificity. Shifting our value
created a master plan and guidelines for lighting
systems from the socially desired
improvements at various levels for this commer-
grand monument to more modest
cial and residential corridor. The design ideas in-
and tangible nuances of our daily
clude integrating lighting in landscape elements,
activities will allow opportunity
adding lighting for landmarks and art installa-
for long lasting impressions that
tions, changing out misapplied store front lighting
dreams could never fulfill.
and adding pedestrian lighting.
LD+A January 2006
69
IMAGINING THE FUTURE
We asked an eclectic mix of
lighting professionals to fill
in the blank of the following
statement: ‘If I were lighting
czar for a day, the one thing I
would change is_____’
King (or Queen)
for a Day
P
ower corrupts. Absolute power
corrupts absolutely—except in this
case. With a wave of our magic
wand, LD+A has bestowed omnipotence
on 12 lighting professionals from the design, manufacturing and academic communities and asked them to change just one
thing in the lighting industry. Here’s what
our “lighting czars” would decree.
LD+A January 2006
73
IMAGINING THE FUTURE
Mark Roush
I would have all footcandle meters destroyed, and
Kevin W. Houser,
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
ban and consequently erase all references of watts
I would change the early stages of the architectur-
from all texts, papers, software and written pages
al design process. The lighting designer is seldom
referencing lighting. Rather I would substitute poet-
included at a project’s inception, when a building
ic references to seeing, observation, and enhancing
exists as only an adaptable collection of ideas. The
beauty through visual stimulation, hierarchy and
inevitable result is that, later in the process, lighting
focus. Hopefully my one-day effort would eliminate
is reduced to an applied technology; it is considered
the crutches used by the lighting-challenged and
as a product. Great lighting is a result of inspired
begin a new effort toward the elimination of medi-
collaborations where light itself is conceived as a
ocrity and the promulgation of extraordinary light-
primary element.
ing throughout the land.
Bill Brown, Bill Brown Sales/A.L.P.
Paulette Hebert,
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Lighting Components
As a component supplier to lighting OEMs, I would
I would arrange for lighting education for all “do-
mandate that fixture manufacturers do a better job
it-yourselfers.” They would be required to enroll in
of educating their employees and the community
a free lighting workshop before purchasing any ex-
about lighting. Lighting influences the way we per-
terior lighting fixtures. Home improvement stores
ceive our world. It is a tremendously powerful, dy-
would be required to periodically host these light-
namic medium, with rapidly changing technology
ing seminars. Qualified lighting professionals and
and benefits of which the general public remains
educators would be the paid instructors. Consumers
largely unaware. Just as the acoustical industry has
and retail outlets currently have limited information
sold “sound conditioning” and the HVAC industry
but an increased availability of fixtures with high
has sold “air conditioning,” we need to educate the
lumen packages and high levels of energy consump-
public about “light conditioning.”
tion. HGTV aggressively promotes home renovations
by consumers. The lighting workshop would cover
sustainability, security, safety, aesthetic, biological
and light pollution concerns.
Wanda J. Barchard, Burt Hill
I would outlaw substitutions. This might knock
some understanding of the “design intent” into the
other team on the end of the “tug-of-war rope” who
Ted Mather,
we struggle with every day. No one will admit prime
Ted Mather Lighting Design
responsibility for substituting the specification, but
That’s easy. Make fixture costs available on line.
we know it’s the electrical distributor, electrician or
They can be “list price” or something, but I think
the general contractor. We work long and hard to co-
it’s a total pain to have to call a rep every time I’m
ordinate the design and educate the owner as to what
considering a fixture for a project. I can get a price
they can expect, but that wily individual whispers in
for a computer, a car, or cat food on line, but not the
their ear, “save that first cost,” and if the owner had
gear I spec on a job!
bought in to the initial design, he ends up dissatisfied with the end results, and we get the blame!
74
www.iesna.org
IMAGINING THE FUTURE
Paul Gregory, Focus Lighting, Inc.
David D. Rodstein, Rodstein Design
I would require all students working towards a
I would stop people from making hasty, myopic
degree in Architecture or Interior Design to take
decisions. One cannot see cause and effect since
five courses in lighting. The truth is, “All you see is
consequences occur over a long time period. Quick
reflected light.” You do not see the columns, the steel
fixes that compound previous mistakes would be
or the leather; you only see the light that bounces
stopped when a total redesign is necessary. Today’s
off it into your eye. Architects and interior designers
problems often result from yesterday’s solutions.
need a basic understanding and appreciation of light
Consider these lighting analogies: Only increasing
as a major design element. They need to understand
lamp wattages to increase light levels results in en-
that light is as important of a design tool as the fin-
ergy costs and visual discomfort levels going up; tri-
ishes the interior designer chooses or the structure
phosphor lamps dramatically improve color at the
and volume the architect designs.
expense of iridescent reflectors.
Naomi Miller,
Fred Oberkircher,
Naomi Miller Lighting Design
Texas Christian University
I would change the structure of the industry so
I would change the scale of our vision. Our ability
that there were fewer layers of companies between
to significantly improve our world has been lost in
the specifier, the contractor, the representative, the
the commodity market. We think too small! Think
distributor and the end user. I’d then get rid of the
“light” not “lighting.” Because of my “powers,” I
“packaging” games that jack up prices of specified
would assemble the CEOs representing the indus-
products by having realistic prices for lighting and
try—the entire industry from lamps to bio-lumines-
controls products posted on websites. That way, the
cence, from solid state to light art, freed from their
end-user, specifier and contractor could check that
corporate constraints to delve into the power that
they were receiving fair prices.
light has on our lives. And then act on that power.
Mark Corcoran, OSRAM SYLVANIA
Sam Gumins, Luxo
I would require that the items on the following “To
Do” list be completed:
I would abolish daylight. Forget Far East imports;
imagine how much more profitable we lighting com-
1. Educate all consumers on sustainability issues
panies would be if not for the direct competition of
resulting in a huge surge in sales for energy saving
the sun. We’d sell at least twice as many fixtures,
and environmentally responsible products.
exponentially more lamps. We’d get prime exhibit
2. Command that all transactions between B2B
space at LIGHTFAIR (no more Daylighting Pavil-
partners be conducted via electronic transactions to
ion). Our lighting calculations would be infinitely
maximize speed, productivity and accuracy.
easier. It may sound outlandish, but as a Scandina-
3. Teach all parties within the lighting industry to
vian company, we’ve learned firsthand that for many
speak the same technical language and utilize a set
months of the year, daylight is over-rated, even un-
of standard procedures for all transactions.
necessary.
4. Design a line of merchandising racks that are
always fully stocked and never need cleaning.
(If I could change one other thing, I would remove
the letter “c” from czar. It’s frankly confusing.)
5. Develop an integrated advertising campaign that
is customized for every customer and has measurable
results.
LD+A January 2006
75
N February 22-24: Designed
for newcomers to the lighting
industry, GE’s Fundamentals
of Commercial and Industrial
Lighting conference provides
basic product and application training for commercial
and industrial lighting. Topics
include: lighting terminology;
lighting measurements and
color; an overview of major
light source families and systems; and application modules for retail, office, industrial
and outdoor lighting. Contact:
Call 1-800-255-1200 or visit
www.gelighting.com/na/business_lighting/education_resources/conferences/
N March 13-15: Intertech’s
fourth annual Phosphor Global Summit will return to the
Hilton San Diego Resort, San
Diego, CA. In addition to the
speaker program of more than
20 industry innovators, there
will be two pre-conference
seminars. Contact: Stephanie
Edwards, conference director,
Tel: 207-781-9605 or visit
www.intertechusa.com/
phosphors.html
N March 16-17: GE’s healthcare lighting conference is
designed for facility managers, maintenance supervisors
and other professionals who
are involved in specifying or
maintaining lighting systems
in a healthcare setting. The
content features energy and
maintenance cost reduction
strategies and the identification of high-quality lighting
criteria for public spaces, patient rooms and more specialized medical treatment areas.
Topics include: new developments in lighting systems
and controls; outdoor lighting
for safety and security; and
energy legislation and lamp
LD+A January 2006
disposal updates. Contact:
Call 1-800-255-1200 or visit
www.gelighting.com/na/
business_lighting/education_
resources/conferences/
N March 29-30: GE’s retrofits
and other energy saving strategies conference is designed
to provide and compare solutions for a variety of lighting
retrofit projects. Through lecture and hands-on workshops,
this seminar will focus on the
evaluation of simple lamp
retrofits, lamp and ballast substitutions, luminaries retrofit
kits and energy-saving system
add-on devices. Contact: Call
1-800-255-1200 or visit www.
gelighting.com/na/business_
lighting/education_resources/
conferences/
N April 19-21: GE’s Fundamentals of Commercial and
Industrial Lighting conference provides basic product
and application training for
commercial and industrial
lighting. See (February 22-24)
description.
retail settings and interactive
sessions, participants experience effective demonstrations
of state of the art lighting
alternatives and learn about
lighting solutions for their
own applications. Contact:
Call 1-800-255-1200 or visit
www.gelighting.com/na/
business_lighting/education_
resources/conferences/
N June 8-9: GE’s conference
for residential contractors is
open to all trade area partners
for the homebuilder industry,
specifically residential
contractors and electricians.
Product updates for high
quality and energy-efficient
lighting, electrical distribution, structured wiring, security systems and more will
be presented. Contact: Call
1- 800-255-1200 or visit www.
gelighting.com/na/business_
lighting/education_resources/
conferences/
N June 26-27: GE’s healthcare lighting conference is
designed for facility managers, maintenance supervisors
and other professionals who
are involved in specifying or
maintaining lighting systems
in a healthcare setting. See
(March 16-17) description.
N June 28-30: GE’s Fundamentals of Commercial and
Industrial Lighting conference provides basic product
and application training for
commercial and industrial
lighting. See (February 22-24)
description.
Events KEY
N = tradeshows & conferences
ß= educational opportunities
For all Industry Events visit
www.iesna.org
EVENTS
N February 5-8: EPRI Lighting Research Office’s 6th International Lighting Research
Symposium: Light and Color,
will be held at Grosvenor
Resort, Orlando, FL. Contact:
For more information go to
www.lightingresearchoffice.
org and to register via email,
send information to meeting
@epri.com
Future
Events
Email:
jmkobes@iesna.org
N April 26-27: Directed
toward hotel owners and
operators, GE’s hospitality
lighting conference discusses
lighting design and room
air-conditioning strategies
with a special emphasis on
meeting the key needs of
guest comfort and financial
performance through energy
reduction strategies. Sessions
include: industry trends,
outdoor lighting for safety
and security, national energy
rebates and tax incentives,
and lighting solutions for
guest rooms, meeting rooms
and common areas. Contact:
Call 1-800-255-1200 or visit
www.gelighting.com/na/business_lighting/education_resources/conferences/
N May 2-3: GE’s retail lighting
conference is geared towards
professionals who specify
retail lighting or supervise the
maintenance of lighting in department, grocery, specialty
or mass merchandise stores
comprise the target audience
for this conference. With
presentations in full-scale
81
NEW MEMBERS
Membership Committee Chair Paul Mercier announced the IESNA gained two Sustaining Members and
91 members (M), associated and student members in November.
Sustaining Members
Mulvey + Banani Lighting, Toronto, ON Canada
Ruud Lighting Canada Corp., Mississauga, ON Canada
Canadian Region
Steriana M. Bradi, Canlyte, Inc., Etobicoke, ON
Campbell Corbet, Mulvey + Banani Lighting, Toronto, ON
Michel Y. Gendron (M), Dessau-Soprin, Longueuil, QC
Mehdi Laieb, Ombrages - les Consultants FBG, Inc., Quebec, QC
Guy Lavallee, Cyclone Lighting, St. Jerome, QC
Pasquale Metallo, LAPAS Consulting Engineers Ltd.,
Toronto, ON
Luis E. Rocha, Lightstudio, Inc., Burlington, ON
Chris T. Scott, Osram Sylvania Ltd., Mississauga, ON
Carleton University
Janrs Hayes, Ryan McLennan, Philam Nguyen, Grant Olkawa
East Central Region
Peter Abdollahi (M), Renaissance Lighting, Inc., Herndon, VA
Philip M. Garvey, Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA
Matt S. Greiner (M), ConEdison Solutions, Arlington, VA
Richard J. Hood, EBL Engineers, LLC, Baltimore, MD
Brian F. Malloy, McHugh Engineering Associates, Inc.,
Fort Washington, PA
Thomas Myers (M), Lutron, Coopersburg, PA
Glenn P. Tilley, Holophane Company, Dover, PA
Douglass R. Werner, STV, Inc., Douglassville, PA
Randall K. Wright, United States Sign Council, Bristol, PA
The Pennsylvania State University
Yena K. Han
Great Lakes Region
Kerry J. Freeborn, Lighting Sales, Inc, Beachwood, OH
Donald M. Guize (M), Integrated Building Concepts,
P.C., Buffalo, NY
Matt K. Minard (M), Lighting Sales, Inc., Beachwood, OH
Bruce R. Roberts (M), Mentor on the Lake, OH
Benjamin A. Rosenkrans, Philips Lighting, Bath, NY
Terri A. Thornton (M), Paramount Industries, Inc.,
Croswell, MI
South Pacific Coast Region
Gary L. Ambach (M), Hawaiian Electric Company,
Honolulu, HI
Joe R. Arechavaleta (M), Gentec Inc., Phoenix, AZ
Meggan A. Kessler (M), Holophane, Elk Grove, CA
Alicia N. McLaughlin, Lighting Association of San
Diego, San Diego, CA
Dean Umberger (M), City of Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ
Midwest Region
Maria A. D. Azevedo, USG Corporation, Libertyville, IL
Robert J. Jeffers (M), GRG Inc., Milwaukee, WI
Jon Limbacher (M), Enterprise Lighting, McFarland, WI
Jennifer L. McVey, Lenexa, KS
Fred Stohl (M), Holophane, Sun Prairie, WI
Richard W. Ward (M), Czarnecki Engineering, Inc.,
Pewaukee, WI
Milwaukee Area Technical College
Anna K. Krajcik
Ranken Technical College
Kevin E. Dossett, Aaron T. Ecknnrdt, Rudy R. Foiles,
Christopher A. Greeling, Zach W. Hufnagel, Jason
W. Lake, Ryan J. Meuth, Greg S. Miller, Miles Z.
Montague, Greg J. Ostrenga, Michael P. Schlautman,
Gerald Squalls, John G. Thyer, Tim D. Tibbetts, Daniel
R. Veile, Scott M. Ventimiglia, Mike Whited , Jacob
D. Wieneke
Southern Illinois University
Nicole l. Wynkoop
Unviersity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Joshua A. Bazett-Jones
Southeastern Region
Cassandra M. Faulkner, The University of Alabama,
Tuscaloosa, AL
Robert R. Greenland (M), Wilger Testing Company,
Inc., Sarasota, FL
Frank J. Lilly (M), Lutron Electronics Co., Inc., Saint
Cloud, FL
Ken Zambito (M), Orlando Utilities Commission,
Orlando, FL
Northeastern Region
James Aitken (M), Invisible Circus LLC, Brooklyn, NY
Joel M. Baker (M), Progressive Engineering, Inc., East
Hartford, CT
Nancy Lok (M), Domingo Gonzalez Associates, New
York, NY
Paul K. O’Donnell (M), Genlyte Sales, Fall River, MA
Leo F. Smith, Citizens For Conservation of Light and
Energy, Suffield, CT
Karl Thorndike (M), Foremost Mfg. Co., Inc., Uniion, NJ
Northwest Region
Ginette D. Chin (M), HNTB, Bellevue, WA
Jason P. DeCunzo (M), De Cunzo Design Associates,
Missoula, MT
Mike Goulding (M), PDC, Inc., Fairbanks, AK
Yvon Pelletier, Prolux Lighting, Calgary, AB
Jay Riel, Ritenburg & Associates, Saskatoon, SK
Art Institute of Seattle
Pamella J. Kniaz
Southwestern Region
Rexanne Harless (M), Rexanne Harless Lighting
Design and Consulting, Dallas, TX
Philip L. Inderwiesen, Needville, TX
Mary J Justus (A), Alison & Company,Carrollton,TX
Jerry M. Lopez (M), URS Corp., Denver, CO
Texas Christian University
Ericka Bailey, Meghan Jacobowsk
Southern Region
David E. Canup (M), Canup Engineering, Inc.,
Memphis, TN
Cindy L. Daniels, Triangle Engineering Associates, Cary, NC
Esma B. Dengiz, Savannah College of Art and Design,
Savannah, GA
Chad B. Lackey, Greensboro Engineering, Greensboro, NC
Julia C. Neville, Newcomb & Boyd Lighting Design
Group, Atlanta, GA
International
Laura Bellia (M), DETEC, Universita degli Studi di
Napoli, Napoli, Italy
Yeh Chia-Ming, CWI Lighting Design, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
Steven Tanyoto A.S. (M), PT Karsasahabat Inkatama,
Jakarta, Indonesia
Rogier van der Heide (M), Arup Lighting, Amsterdam,
Netherlands
82
www.iesna.org
SUSTAINING MEMBERS
The following companies have elected to support the Society as Sustaining
Members which allows the IESNA to fund programs that benefit all segments
of the membership and pursue new endeavors, including education projects,
lighting research and recommended practices. The level of support is classified
by the amount of annual dues, based on a company’s annual lighting revenues:
Copper: $500 annual dues
Lighting revenues to $4 million
(Copper members are listed in one
issue of LD+A each year, as well as
in the IESNA Annual Report.)
Silver: $1,000 annual dues
Lighting revenues to $10 million
Gold: $2,500 annual dues
Lighting revenues to $50 million
Platinum: $5,000 annual dues
Lighting revenues to $200 million
Emerald: $10,000 annual dues
Lighting revenues to $500 million
Diamond: $15,000 annual dues
Lighting revenues over $500
million
DIAMOND
Cooper Lighting
General Electric Co.
Lithonia Lighting
OSRAM SYLVANIA Products, Inc.
Philips Lighting Co.
EMERALD
Holophane Corporation
PLATINUM
Day-Brite Capri Omega
Lightolier
Lutron Electronics Co, Inc.
GOLD
A.L.P. Lighting Components Co.
Altman Lighting Inc
The Bodine Company
Canlyte Inc.
Con-Tech Lighting
Duke Power Co.
Edison Price Lighting, Inc.
Finelite, Inc.
Florida Power Lighting Solutions
Gardco Lighting
Indy Lighting, Inc.
Kenall Mfg Co.
The Kirlin Company
Kurt Versen Co.
LexaLite Int’l Corp
Lighting Services Inc
LiteTouch, Inc.
Louis Poulsen Lighting
LSI Industries, Inc.
Lucifer Lighting Co.
Martin Professional, Inc.
Musco Sports Lighting, Inc.
Niagara Mohawk Power Corp
Prudential Lighting Corp
RAB Lighting, Inc.
San Diego Gas & Electric
SPI Lighting
Vista Professional Outdoor Lighting
The Watt Stopper Inc.
Zumtobel Staff Lighting, Inc.
Border States Electric Supply
Bulbrite Industries, Inc.
Celestial Products
City of San Francisco
Con Edison of New York
Custom Lighting Services, LLC
Custom Lights, Inc.
Day Lite Maintenance Co.
Eastern Energy Services, Inc.
Eclipse Lighting, Inc.
Elko Ltd
Elliptipar
Enmax
Enterprise Lighting Sales
ETC Architectural
Eye Lighting Industries
Eye Lighting Int’l of NA
Fiberstars
Focal Point
Gammalux Systems
H E Williams, Inc.
HDLC
Illuminating Technologies, Inc.
Kramer Lighting
Lee Filters
Legion Lighting Co.
Leviton Mfg. Co. Inc.
Lightology LLC
LiteTech
Litecontrol Corp
Litelab Corp
Litetronics Int’l Inc.
Lowel Light Manufacturing
Lumascap USA Inc.
Manitoba Hydro
Manning Lighting
Metalumen Manufacturing, Inc.
OCEM/Multi Electric Mfg. Inc.
Optical Research Associates
Paramount Industries, Inc.
Peter Basso Associates, Inc.
Portland General Electric
Prescolite, Inc.
Reflex Lighting Group, Inc.
Richard McDonald & Associates, Ltd.
- Calgary
Richard McDonald & Associates, Ltd.
- Edmonton
Ruud Lighting Canada Corp.
Sentry Electric Corporation
Shakespeare Composites & Structures
Southern California Edison
Sternberg Vintage Lighting
Strand Lighting, Inc.
StressCrete King Luminaire Co.
Tennessee Valley Authority
Universal Electric Ltd.
US Architectural Lighting/Sun Valley
Lighting
Utility Metals
Velux America Inc.
WJ Whatley Inc.
WAC Lighting, Co.
Wisconsin Public Service Corp
Wybron, Inc.
Xenon Light, Inc.
SILVER
Altuglas International, Arkema Inc.
Associated Lighting Representatives. Inc.
Axis Lighting Inc.
Bartco Lighting, Inc.
Barth Electric Co., Inc.
Beta Lighting, Inc.
Birchwood Lighting, Inc.
BJB Electric Corporation
January 2006
IES SUSTAINING
MEMBERS
As of November 2005
83
IES FYI
Section Outreach Programs
During the past year, sections have held 99th birthday parties where members gathered to reminisce and assembled
interesting facts about lighting in their area to be assembled into a “Book of Lighting Records.”
In addition, 20 IESNA sections are participating in the public outreach program during the Centennial year to showcase
the importance of lighting in their communities. These Outreach Programs are resulting in a constructive engagement
between the public, decision makers, and design professionals – leading to increased awareness, appreciation, and understanding of how lighting can enhance the quality of life in a community.
One of these sections will receive the Members Choice Award during the Members Lunch, on Tuesday, January 10, 2006, at the
Centennial Conference. The following summaries provide a glimpse into the innovative programs developed at the Section level.
Blue Ridge Section (Blacksburg,
and the Calgary Science Centre in an
by working with partners in design
VA)–To bring an awareness of proper
advisory capacity to promote the
societies and the local utility to pro-
lighting techniques, the section will
temporary illumination of the tower
mote energy conscious design.
teach a course in lighting for 120 archi-
(625 foot tall structure) and increase
tectural students at Virginia Tech.
public awareness of the joint centen-
National Capital Section(Ottawa,
nials of the IESNA and the Province
Canada)–Developing rules for a com-
of Alberta, Canada.
munity contest for holiday lighting dis-
British Columbia Section–Assisted
with fundraising for the “Lights of
plays; presenting a lighting workshop
Hope,” an annual holiday season
Cleveland Section–Working with
for local students in design studies;
event of illuminating the exterior of a
the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial
and developing a presentation on light
historic building. Donated an IESNA
Foundation to insure a historically
as a part of the science curriculum in
Lighting Library to BCIT in Richmond,
accurate recreation of the lighting,
local grade schools.
BC and provided guest lecturers for a
and partnering with the Western
Lighting and Color Class. Exchanged
Reserve Historical Society and the
New York Section–Bringing an under-
ideas about lighting technology and
Smithsonian Institute on a history of
standing of exterior nighttime lighting
design with industrial design stu-
lighting exhibit.
to the inhabitants of the city by creat-
dents at Emily Carr College who then
ing a “Night Seeing Map”; using the
designed a lighting fixture around a
East Carolina Section (Raleigh,
MTA New York subway system to
single compact fluorescent lamp.
NC)–Will assist the North Carolina
illustrate the history of lighting; work-
Capital
Section
DC) –Developing
Firefighters in fundraising for the
ing with the New York Hall of Science
(Washington,
proper illumination of the Fallen
in updating various exhibits on the sci-
courses
on
Firefighters Memorial, and will
ence of lighting; assisting Project Find
“Understanding Light Energy” and
offer guidance to the contractor
Community Center in New York City
“Light as Art,” that will be targeted
referring to the IESNA guidelines
in securing fundraising to update the
for the 4th and 5th grade curricu-
and recommended practices to
lighting in the senior citizen center; and
lums of the local public schools.
properly feature the facial expres-
working with the Queen’s Museum of
sions of the sculpture.
Art to update their Panorama of the
Chicago
Section–Students
will
City of New York.
shadow lighting professionals from
Michigan
Section
(Detroit)–
the section for a day, and will have
Purchasing lighting for 10 homes being
Northern
the opportunity to rotate with three
built by Habitat for Humanity. The sec-
(Edmonton, Canada)–To honor the
different lighting professionals to
tion will also solicit IESNA members to
High Level Bridge and its asso-
experience different aspects of a
volunteer to build a home.
ciation with the centennial celebra-
lighting project.
86
Gateway
Section
tion of the Province, the section is
Montreal Section–Teaching a basic
working on securing funds for the
Chinook Section (Calgary, Canada)–
lighting course for electrical contrac-
temporary illumination of a portion
Will work with Bentall’s Management
tors and promoting energy efficiency
of the bridge.
www.iesna.org
mote the IESNA and the benefits of
LD+A in
2006
using the practices and principles
There’s
of IESNA in both commercial and
breaking news
residential lighting design.
here at LD+A.
Ohio Valley Section–Partnering with
local organizations to secure funding for a Product Fair that will pro-
some
First,
Associate art director Petra Domingo
and art director Samuel Fontanez.
we’re
Oregon Section–Promoting interest
pleased
to
1-5 scale, whereby respondents
in the IESNA by working with a local
report that the
can “hedge” by choosing a three.
TV station to hold a contest whereby
2006
LD+A
The results were quite positive
residents identify the location of the
Media Kit has
(75 percent say LD+A “strikes the
IESNA logo, projected in different
received a Silver Award in the 2005
right balance” between techni-
areas around town.
All-Media contest sponsored by
cal and non-technical content; 83
Association Trends. Congratulations
percent say feature stories are
Philadelphia Section–Enlightened
go to associate art director Petra
“about the right length,” etc.).
Philadelphia–A two-step educa-
Domingo, who designed the media
The average design rating
tional outreach program designed
kit, and marketing manager Sue
was 3.2 (a solid B average) and
to teach about the benefits of light-
Foley, who produced the content.
the overall satisfaction rating
ing for both future professionals
Second, as you’ve probably
was a rather robust 89 percent,
in training and practicing profes-
noticed by now, this issue marks
but only 31 percent gave us the
sionals and to raise the visibility
the debut of the redesigned
top mark of four, so there was
of the IESNA in the professional
LD+A magazine. Last fall, IESNA
clearly room for improvement.
academic community.
commissioned an independent
This redesign incorporates many
Editorial Guidance Survey con-
of your comments gleaned from
Pittsburgh Section–Partnered with
ducted by The Wayman Group.
the reader survey. The origi-
the Electric League of Western
Thanks
who
nal design concept was devel-
Pennsylvania to create Green Light
responded to the survey. The
oped by our former art director
Pittsburgh whose mission is to
survey addressed topics includ-
and then honed by our current
foster a better understanding of
ing article content and length;
design team—Samuel Fontanez,
sustainability as it pertains to the
the number of articles published
art director, and Petra Domingo,
lighting industry.
in each issue; and the magazine’s
associate art director
to
all
readers
design/aesthetic appeal. We used
’Nuff said. A magazine redesign
San Jacinto Section (Houston,
a 1-4 rating scale to force respon-
is like a telling a joke. If you have to
TX)–Section and Alumni funds
dents to commit to a positive or
explain it, then it doesn’t work.
will be contributed to underwrite
negative rating, as opposed to a
Paul Tarricone, Editor
the illumination of the dormitories
at the University of Houston in
school colors.
St. Louis Section–Is establishing
ing a free RP-3 or DG-5 seminar
cational facilities and of lighting
to members of local Planning and
education in school curriculums.
Zoning Commissions.
Toledo
a student scholarship fund, under-
Section–Will
build
an
writing NOVA on the local PBS
Susquehanna Section (Harrisburg,
illuminated float and participate
station, establishing a LC Library,
PA)–Presentation to the Pennsylvania
in the Maumee Holiday Evening
partnering with the local USGBC
Association
Board
Parade. The theme of the float will
and IFMA chapters to increase the
Administrators on both the impor-
be the IESNA and its Centennial
visibility of the IESNA and conduct-
tance and function of lighting edu-
Celebration.
LD+A January 2006
of
School
87
IES FYI
Second Public Review
of Healthcare RP
from birthing rooms to the autopsy suite. RP-29-05 has just
been significantly revised by its authoring committee in
response to comments received during a first public review
BSR/IESNA RP-29-05, Lighting for Hospitals and Health
conducted earlier in 2005. RP-29-05 will replace an existing
Care Facilities, is the Standard Practice that describes light-
IESNA document and is being submitted for approval as an
ing concepts and design solutions for various health care
ANSI standard. Second public review dates ends January
facilities with a focus on patient sensibilities and comfort.
24. Review copies of the newly revised draft standard ($25
Design considerations and lighting recommendations are
per copy) may be obtained from Rita Harrold at Tel: 212-
presented for most every type of hospital environment
248-5000 ext. 115 or email: rharrold@iesna.org
Members In The News
law,” and less than
Acuity Brands, Atlanta, GA, was awarded the highest
one percent qualifies
rating for its support and policies relating to employees
for this recognition.
in the National Guard and Reserves. The award was
At Acuity Brands, this
presented by ESGR (Employer Support of the Guard and
includes salary supple-
Reserve), an agency of the Department of Defense, dur-
ments, continued bene-
ing a ceremony at company headquarters in Atlanta.
fits, education, training
ESGR awards its 5-Star Statement of Support to
and the appointment
employers who “go above and beyond what is required by
of an official advocate,
a role filled by John
Vernon J. Nagel, chairman, president
and CEO of Acuity Brands, adds his
signature to the ESGR Award. Front
row, far left, is John K. Morgan,
president and CEO of Acuity Brands
Lighting.
K. Morgan, executive
vice president of Acuity Brands and president of Acuity
Brands Lighting.
Wybron, Inc., Colorado Springs, CO, promoted Kara
O’Grady to northeastern sales manager.
Lutron Electronics, Coopersburg, PA, announced the
winners of the “Better Light – Better Rooms” lighting and
room makeover sweepstakes, which ran in 119 lighting
showrooms nationwide from April 1 – June 30, 2005. The
grand prize winner received $2500 in Lutron products,
$2500 in lighting fixtures and design services from Energy
Plus Wholesale Lighting in Santa Rosa, CA, and $15,000
towards a room makeover. In addition to the grand prize,
Lutron awarded one first prize winner $5000 toward
Lutron lighting control products and 25 second place winners a Maestro IR remote control dimmer.
Leviton Manufacturing Company, Little Neck, NY, and
the Sensors and Controls Division of Texas Instruments
Incorporated, have entered into a strategic alliance that
will focus on the co-development of products that provide
protection against the hazard of arc faults, high power
electrical discharges that occur between two or more
conductors in electrical wiring.
88
www.iesna.org