International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2016
ISSN 2278-6856
A Case Study And Analysis Of Noise Pollution
For Chennai Using GIS
T.Subramani1 , S.Sounder2
1
2
Professor & Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engg. College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, India
PG Student Of Irrigation, Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engg. College, Vinayaka
Missions University, Salem, India
Abstract
Noise pollution of urban areas is one of serious factors that
the local agencies and state authorities have to consider in
decision making processes. The spatial analysis and
geostaticstical methods of GIS can play an important role to
control noise pollution. GIS provide framework to integrate
noise calculation models with spatial data that can be used for
building noise maps. Noise maps can be used to assess
and monitor the influence of noise effects. Noise maps within
GIS have been developed in most of the European Countries.
European Commission has approved the Directive called
‘Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC’ for noise
mapping. Most of the noise maps that are available today and
also that suggested by EU are in two dimensional (2D) in
which noise effect is presented in x,y plane. 2D noise maps are
built with the noise levels of one particular height. In the
reality, noise travels in all direction. Residents living in high
rise buildings are also severely affected by traffic noise. It is
therefore important to develop 3D noise maps that can show
influence of noise in all direction. This research work
developed a methodology to build 3D noise models to
analyze the three dimensional effect of noise pollution within
a GIS. A case study was illustrated using a 3D city model for
Chennai city. This involved building simple 3D city model,
generation of 3D observation points (that represent the
virtual microphones) and noise calculation using standard
noise calculation models. The noise has calculated from 6 to
11 am in city limits of locations as Parry’scorner,
mathuravolyal etc. Fictitious data was used to calculate the
noise levels of study area. Appropriate Spatial interpolation
methods were used to develop noise surface. The results
showed that the quality and accuracy of noise models can be
improved with high density of observation points. The
observation points selected in straight line with evenly spacing
showed good visualization of acoustic situation. All the data’s
has implemented with gis and concluded.
Keywords:
Case Study, Analysis, Noise Pollution, GIS
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 Global Concern On Noise Pollution
Environmental pollution such as air, water, hazardous
waste and noise pollution hasalways been a global concern
affecting both the public’s health and the planet’sfragile
ecosystems. The concentration of environmental pollution
Volume 5, Issue 3, May – June 2016
is significantlyincreasing and causing serious threat to the
quality of the environment. Managementof environmental
pollution is a challenge. Although there are many
managementtechniques, the problem of environmental
pollution still remains the same. One ofthe serious issues
of environmental pollution is noise. Noise pollution in
large urbanareas is regarded as a growing problem of
communities.
Currently, noise pollution in urban environment is one of
the serious issues ofconcern in major cities of world.
There are various factors that contribute to increaseof
noise levels in urban areas. One of the factors is the
increase in urban population,which contributes to high
traffic volume combined with increased intensity. In
mosturban areas, the corridors are developed in a close
proximity where people live andwork, which led to limited
space and thus increase the number of high risebuildings.
This type of settlement created a dense environment in
urban areas, thusincreasing the traffic volume. Numerous
countries have implemented newtechnologies to control
noise pollution in urban areas. For example, low
noisegenerating engines, changes in quality of tyres,
changes in road material.
1.2. GIS For Noise Mapping
GIS provides the central database management
environment and noise data can beimported into a GIS.
The phenomena of noise involve spatial distribution
anddynamic process that fits into GIS environment. New
mapping approachessupported by a GIS can be combined
with spatial data analysis and mathematicalmodelling that
further improves the quality of noise maps. Noise maps
providespatial presentation of acoustic situation. Noise
maps build in GIS can be used foranalysis and
management process. GIS provides good visualisation
tools of noisepropagation and assist in building a spatial
decision support system that can be usedfor decision
making process. Noise effect can be determined in GIS by
combiningnoise levels with the location of people living in
the area and their sensibility tonoise (Kluijver de Henket
al., 2003). Mapping noise within GIS was started in
mid90s. Two approaches were been used for building
noise maps. One uses themeasured noise levels that are
obtained by measuring noise levels in the field. Thesecond
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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2016
ISSN 2278-6856
approach is using noise prediction models. Measurement
of noise in the fieldis difficult because of various factors,
such as, variation in traffic flow, speed, typeand variation
in weather conditions. It is time consuming and requires
hugeinvestment and labour, therefore, noise calculation
software is widely used forbuilding noise maps. Noise
maps found to be very helpful for assessment of
noiseeffect. The noise maps that presently exist and that
recommended by EU Directiveare in 2D.
2.DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
2.1 Noise Level At Parry’s Corner
Figure. 3: Observed Noise Level at Villivakkam for
Ground Floor
Figure.1. Intersection at Parry’s Corner
2.2 Noise Level At Villivakkam
Figure.4: Observed Noise Level at Villivakkamfor First
Floor
Figure.2 Intersection at Villivakkam
The noise levels recorded at Villivakam are presented in
Figure 3 & 4 for ground floor and first floor respectively.
It is observed that the noise level is maximum during
evening peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise
level is gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to
10:00am and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am
to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from
11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the
noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing
from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise
level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The
noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and
the reason for this is the return trip to home is more. .
Volume 5, Issue 3, May – June 2016
2.3 Noise Level At Perambur
Figure.5: Intersection at Perambur
The noise levels recorded at Perambur are presented in
Figure 6 & 7 for ground floor and first floor respectively.
It is observed that the noise level is maximum during
evening peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise
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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2016
level is gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to
10:00am and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am
to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from
11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the
noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing
from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise
level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The
noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and
the reason for this is the return trip to home is more.
ISSN 2278-6856
2.4noise Level At Kolathur
Figure.8 : Intersection atKolathur
Figure.6 Observed Noise Level at Perambur for Ground
Floor
Figure.7: Observed Noise Level at Perambur for First
Floor
Volume 5, Issue 3, May – June 2016
The noise levels recorded at Kolathur are presented in
Figure 9 & 10 for ground floor and first floor respectively.
It is observed that the noise level is maximum during
evening peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise
level is gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to
10:00am and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am
to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from
11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the
noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing
from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise
level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The
noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and
the reason for this is the return trip to home is more.
Figure.9 Observed Noise Level at Kolathur for Ground
Floor
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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2016
ISSN 2278-6856
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Edge
5m
10m
15m
Figure.12: Observed Noise Level near Meenambakam
Ground Floor
Figure.10: Observed Noise Level at Kolathur for First
Floor
2.5 Noise Level At Near Meenambakam Junction
Figure.13: Observed Noise Level near Meenambakamfor
First Floor
Figure.11 Intersection near Meenambakam junction
The noise levels recorded Near Meenambakam Junction
presented in Figure.12 & 13 for ground floor and first
floor respectively. It is observed that the noise level is
maximum during evening peak hour between 4:00pm and
6:00pm. Noise level is gradually increasing from morning
6:00am to 10:00am and then reaching morning peak from
10:00am to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing
from 11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm
the noise level increases gradually. The noise is
decreasing from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that
the noise level is decreasing towards buildings from the
source. The noise level is higher on far side than that of
near side and the reason for this is the return trip to home
is more.
Volume 5, Issue 3, May – June 2016
2.6 Noise Level At T.Nagar
Figure.14: Intersection atT.Nagar
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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2016
The noise levels recorded at T-Nagar presented in Figure
15 & 16 for ground floor and first floor respectively. It is
observed that the noise level is maximum during evening
peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise level is
gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to 10:00am
and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am to
11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from
11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the
noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing
from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise
level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The
noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and
the reason for this is the return trip to home is more.
ISSN 2278-6856
2.7 Noise Level At Porur
Figure.17: Intersection at Porur
The noise levels recorded at Porur presented in Figure 18
& 19 for ground floor and first floor respectively. It is
observed that the noise level is maximum during evening
peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise level is
gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to 10:00am
and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am to
11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from
11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the
noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing
from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise
level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The
noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and
the reason for this is the return trip to home is more.
Figure.15: Observed Noise Level at T.Nagar for Ground
Floor
89
87
85
83
81
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77
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73
71
69
67
65
Edge
5m
10m
Figure.16: Observed Noise Level at T.Nagar for First
Floor
Volume 5, Issue 3, May – June 2016
08:00-09:00
06:00-07:00
04:00-05:00
02:00-03:00
12:00-01:00
10:00-11:00
8:00-9:00
6:00-7:00
15m
Figure.18: Observed Noise Level at Porur for Ground
Floor
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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2016
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5m
10m
15m
Figure.22: Observed Noise Level at Ambatturfor Ground
Floor
Figure.19: Observed Noise Level at Porur for First Floor
2.8 Noise Level At Ambattur
Figure.23: Observed Noise Level at Ambattur for First
Floor
2.9 Noise Level At Annanagar
Figure.20: Intersection at Ambattur
The noise levels recorded at Ambattur presented in Figure
21 &c 22 for ground floor and first floor respectively. It is
observed that the noise level is maximum during evening
peak hour between 4:00pm and 6:00pm. Noise level is
gradually increasing from morning 6:00am to 10:00am
and then reaching morning peak from 10:00am to
11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing from
11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm the
noise level increases gradually. The noise is decreasing
from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that the noise
level is decreasing towards buildings from the source. The
noise level is higher on far side than that of near side and
the reason for this is the return trip to home is more.
Volume 5, Issue 3, May – June 2016
Figure.24: Intersection at Annanagar
The noise levels recorded at Annanagar presented in
Figure 25 & 26 for ground floor and first floor
respectively. It is observed that the noise level is
maximum during evening peak hour between 4:00pm and
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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2016
6:00pm. Noise level is gradually increasing from morning
6:00am to 10:00am and then reaching morning peak from
10:00am to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing
from 11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm
the noise level increases gradually. The noise is
decreasing from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that
the noise level is decreasing towards buildings from the
source. The noise level is higher on far side than that of
near side and the reason for this is the return trip to home
is more.
89
87
85
83
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79
77
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Edge
5m
10m
15m
5m
10m
15m
Figure.26: Observed Noise Level at Annanagar for First
Floor
Volume 5, Issue 3, May – June 2016
2.10 Noise Level At Maduravayil
Figure.27: Intersection at Maduravayil
Figure.25: Observed Noise Level at Annanagar for
Ground Floor
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The noise levels recorded at Maduravayil presented in
Figure 28 & 29 for ground floor and first floor
respectively. It is observed that the noise level is
maximum during evening peak hour between 4:00pm and
6:00pm. Noise level is gradually increasing from morning
6:00am to 10:00am and then reaching morning peak from
10:00am to 11:00am. Further the noise level is decreasing
from 11:00am onwards till 2:00pm and 2:00pm to 4:00pm
the noise level increases gradually. The noise is
decreasing from 6:00pm onwards. It is also observed that
the noise level is decreasing towards buildings from the
source. The noise level is higher on far side than that of
near side and the reason for this is the return trip to home
is more.
89
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85
83
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79
77
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69
67
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Edge
5m
10m
15m
Figure.28: Observed Noise Level at Maduravayilfor
Ground Floor
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Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2016
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5m
10m
15m
Figure.32 .Noise Mapping around 8.00am to 9.00am
Figure.29: Observed Noise Level at Maduravayil for First
Floor
3.GIS INTERPERTED ANALYSIS MAPS
Figure 30 to 34 shows integrated analysis maps.
Figure.33 .Noise Mapping around 9.00am to 10.00am
Figure.30 .Noise Mapping around 6.00am to 7.00am
Figure.31 .Noise Mapping around 7.00am to 8.00am
Volume 5, Issue 3, May – June 2016
Figure.34 .Noise Mapping around 10.00am to 11.00am
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Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2016
4. CONCLUSION
The research findings suggest a time-consuming procedure by means of which it would be possible to perform
noise assessment studies on a larger sample size in
a shorter sampling duration. Taking into consideration
rush hours during the morning and evening and reduced
traffic load in the noon, it could be concluded that surfaces
have significant impact on reducing the noise level
fluctuations. The influence of traffic flow on noise
pollution levels seems to be overshadowed by civil
architecture. Changes in urban fabric have led to
a perceptible change in the average daytime sound
pressure level in urban areas. As such, high-rise buildings
increase reflection of sound and prevent sound
propagation in the study area. The use of materials such as
marble, granite, glass and composite laminates (metal-like
materials) in building façade increases sound reflections
due to their smooth surface. With a greater number of
stations in a broader area, the pilot phase should be performed simultaneously in districts with old and new urban
fabrics in order to obtain a more accurate comparison
concerning the impact of civil architecture on the noise
pollution levels in urban areas. Here with we conclude that
hig rise building with structural members should get
change and constructed means we prevent the noise and
pollution through noise caused one.
References
[1] M.Hamed , W Effat . A GIS-based approach for
the screening assessment of noise and vibration
impacts
from
transit
projects.
J Environ
Manage. 2007;84(3):305–13,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.06.010.
[2] De Kluijver H, J Stoter . Noise mapping and GIS:
Optimising quality and efficiency of noise effect
studies. Comput Environ Urban Syst. 2003;27(1):85–
102, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0198-9715(01)000382.
[3] T.Subramani, K.Babu ,A Study On Agricultural
Drainage Systems , International Journal of
Application or Innovation in Engineering &
Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, May
2015 , pp. 304-312 , 2015
[4] T.Subramani, D.John Prabakaran ,Uniformity Studies
And Performance Of Sprinkler And Drip Irrigation ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4,
Issue 5 , pp. 284-293 , 2015
[5] T.Subramani, P.Malathi ,Drainage And Irrigation
Management System For Salem Dist Tamilnadu
Using GIS , International Journal of Application or
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
, Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 199-210 , 2015
[6] T.Subramani, Identification Of Ground Water
Potential Zone By Using GIS, International Journal of
Volume 5, Issue 3, May – June 2016
ISSN 2278-6856
Applied Engineering Research (IJAER), Volume 10,
Number 38, Special Issues, pp.28134-28138, 2015
[7] T.Subramani, C.T.Sivakumar, C.Kathirvel, S.Seka,
Identification Of Ground Water Potential Zones In
Tamil Nadu By Remote Sensing And GIS Technique
International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications , Vol. 4 , Issue 12(Version 3), pp.127138, 2014.
[8] T.Subramani,
S.Badrinarayanan,
K.Prasath,
S.Sridhar, Performanance Evaluation of the Cauvery
Irrigation System, India Using Remote Sensing and
Gis Technology, International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version
2), pp.191-197, 2014.
[9] T.Subramani, M.Chandrasekaran, Saline Ground
Water and Irrigation Water on Root Zone Salinity,
International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications,Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 2), pp.173-179,
2014.
[10] T.Subramani, T.Manikandan, Analysis Of Urban
Growth And Its Impact On Groundwater Tanneries
By Using Gis, International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version
2), pp.274-282, 2014.
[11] T.Subramani, P.Malathi , " Land Slides Hazardous
Zones By Using Remote Sensing And GIS" ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in
Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4,
Issue 5, pp. 211-222 , 2015
[12] T.Subramani,”Identification Of Ground Water
Potential Zone By Using GIS”, International Journal
of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER), Volume
10, Number 38, Special Issues, pp.28134-28138, 2015
[13] T.Subramani,
P.Krishnamurthi,
“Geostatical
Modelling For Ground Water Pollution in Salem by
Using GIS”, International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications ,Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version
2), pp.165-172, 2014.
[14] T.Subramani,,
M.Kavitha.and
K.P.
Sivaraj.,
“Modelling of Traffic Noise Pollution ” International
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications,
Vol.2, Issue.3, pp 3175-3182, 2012.
[15] T.Subramani,. “Study of Air Pollution Due to Vehicle
Emission in Tourism Centre” International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Vol.2,
Issue.3, pp 1753-1763, 2012.
AUTHORS
Prof. Dr.T.Subramani Working
as a Professor and Dean of Civil
Engineering in VMKV Engg.
College,
Vinayaka
Missions
University, Salem, Tamilnadu,
India. Having more than 25 years
of Teaching experience in Various
Engineering Colleges. He is a Chartered Civil Engineer
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International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS)
Web Site: www.ijettcs.org Email: editor@ijettcs.org
Volume 5, Issue 3, May-June 2016
ISSN 2278-6856
and Approved Valuer for many banks. Chairman and
Member in Board of Studies of Civil Engineering branch.
Question paper setter and Valuer for UG and PG Courses
of Civil Engineering in number of Universities. Life
Fellow in Institution of Engineers (India) and Institution
of Valuers. Life member in number of Technical Societies
and Educational bodies. Guided more than 400 students
in UG projects and 220 students in PG projects. He is a
reviewer for number of International Journals and
published 136 International Journal Publications and
presented
more than 30
papers in International
Conferences
S.Sounder, completed his BE,
Degree in the branch of Civil
Engineering in Mailam Engineering
College, Tindivanam, Villupuram
Dt.. Now he is working as a
Assistant Engineer,in Tamilnadu
Fisheries
University
in
Nagapattinam .Now he is doing ME Degree in the branch
of Environmental Engineering in VMKV Engineering
College, Salem.
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