Resilient Energy Systems:
Resilient Energy Design
Brett Pasinella, Senior Manager of Innovative Services
June 14, 2016
Thank You to our Corporate Sponsors
© 2016 Second Nature. All rights reserved. www.secondnature.org
2
Climate Leadership Commitments
© 2016 Second Nature. All rights reserved. www.secondnature.org
3
Climate Leadership Commitments
Climate leadership now is also having the capacity to respond
& adapt
‣
Carbon neutrality still a transformative component
‣
Also includes adaptation, preparedness – resilience
Goals for Commitments:
‣
Continue to provide visible and transformative leadership
‣
Proactive management of risks and opportunities; limit reactive response to
unanticipated vulnerabilities
‣
Streamline implementation, demonstrate learning, understand progress, scale
success
‣
Connect higher education to communities in order to enhance broader, coherent
societal response
© 2016 Second Nature. All rights reserved. www.secondnature.org
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What they Have in Common
‣
Made by Presidents or Chancellors on behalf of institution
‣
Climate Action Plans include actions to engage all students
‣
Sustainability Planning & Climate Action Guide
•
‣
Digital, interactive, linked to additional resources
One dues structure
© 2016 Second Nature. All rights reserved. www.secondnature.org
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Resilience Commitment
Goal: Increase “ability to survive disruption and to
anticipate, adapt, and flourish in the face of change”
Definition of Resilience
Additional Goals:
‣
‣
‣
‣
To avoid reactive and expensive decisions or
unnecessary emergency management
To have diverse and inclusive processes in climate
actions
To enhance the role of higher education in supporting
community cohesion, innovation, smart design
To contribute to cross-sector knowledge and progress
© 2016 Second Nature. All rights reserved. www.secondnature.org
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Resilience Commitment
Key Concepts
Implementing Resilience
‣
Increasing adaptive capacity, and building better adapted infrastructure,
environment, and citizenry
‣
Partnership with community
‣
Assessment, understanding, planning, and indicators of success
© 2016 Second Nature. All rights reserved. www.secondnature.org
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Resilient Energy System Webinar Series
1. Intro to Resilience & Energy Systems
• Watch recording & download slides:
http://secondnature.org/how-we-connect/webinars/
2. Resilient Energy Systems: District Energy & Microgrids
• Watch recording & download slides:
http://secondnature.org/how-we-connect/webinars/
3. Resilient Energy Design
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Gabriel J. Paoletti
Eaton Application Engineering Manager
“Gabriel received a B.S.E.E degree from Drexel
University, Philadelphia, Pa. in 1976 and an MBA
from Rutgers University, Camden, NJ in 2009. He
has over thirty-seven (37) years of engineering
service experience with Westinghouse, ABB and
Eaton Electrical (Cutler-Hammer) Engineering
Service. His experience includes electrical power
distribution design, installation, commissioning,
upgrading, modernizations, predictive and
preventive maintenance, and failure analysis. He is
currently involved with Smart Grids and Microgrid
applications linked to current and oncoming
market trends.” © 2016 Second Nature. All rights reserved. www.secondnature.org
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Justin Carron:
Justin serves as Eaton’s Global Segment
Manager for Healthcare & Universities.
Justin has 15yrs of experience in missioncritical power systems and energy
efficiency services. Justin has a
Bachelor’s of Science in Finance from the
University of Rhode Island along with an
MBA in Economics from the University of
Manchester, UK
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Eaton’s Intelligent Grid Solutions
Microgrid & Energy Storage Systems
Engineering services
supporting innovative methods to
improve power distribution
system resiliency
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
Electrical Engineering Services &
Systems Division
Gabe Paoletti, P.E.
gabrieljpaoletti@eaton.com
Electrical Power Distribution History
Edison’s Pearl Street
Station, the first central
power plant on September
4th, 1882, was located on
Pearl Street in Manhattan.
It served 85 customers,
supplying 400 lamps.
The Great Depression reduced demand and many
electrical companies went under; and many of the
New Deal projects centered around the building of
massive electricity generation plants, including the
Hoover Hydro-electric Dam (1936), and the hydro–
electric dams within the TVA.
Samuel Insull: Father of IOUs? Convicted of Fraud
By the 1930s regulated electric utilities were
well-established The efficiency of
generators & transformers improved,
and transmission voltages increased
resulting in large fossil fuel plants,
followed by Nuclear Mega-Plants
By the end of the 1880s,
many cities had small
central stations that each
served only a few city blocks
by competing electrical
power producers
1895, Westinghouse
built an AC hydroelectric power plant at
Niagara Falls, sending
electricity to Buffalo, 20
miles away.
In 1978 the Public Utilities Regulatory Policies
passed, making it possible for power plants owned
by non-utilities to sell electricity too.
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2
The last 50 Years
The Interconnected Grid
1965 Blackout
Relay Miss-operation and the inability
to quickly Island Grid Sections
30M people affected
New York City blackout of 1977, which resulted in
the looting of over 1,600 stores and the setting of over
1,000 fires across the five boroughs.
Increasing Grid Outages
2003 Blackout
Multiple Causes
50M people
affected
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The last 5 Years
“What happens if Hoboken goes
dark? Mayor hopes a $50M
microgrid will illuminate vital
buildings”
House Committee Meetings
Started Sept. 10th, 2015
53 gained “Super-user” privileges on DOE
computers.
19 successful attacks in 4 years on Nuclear
Weapons Stockpile Computers
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The last 5 Years: Renewables
Renewables: Solar Profile
10 minutes
Hawaii last year led the nation in the portion of its
electricity that comes from solar, with 2.6 percent.
"We can't allow circuits to become dangerous,"
said Peter Rosegg, a utility spokesman. "We can't
allow circuits to become unreliable because
there's too much PV on those circuits."
Renewables: Wind Profile
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Wind Generator Control
http://www.rpi.edu/cfes/news-andevents/Seminars/06%20Sun.pdf
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• Megatrends, MicroGrids &
Segment Drivers
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Megatrends Impacting today’s US power gird
Solar / Wind
Grid instability
Earthquakes
Cyber Security
Retiring Plants
Disasters
System Outages
Storm Surge
Aging Grid
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Hurricanes
Storm ©Surge
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MicroGrid: What’s out there
Simplified MicroGrid
One Way
Power Flow
Historical Typical Power Grid
http://www.civicsolar.com/resource/microgrid-regulatory-policy-us
Energy Surety MicroGrid TM
http://electricalengineeringdesigns.blogspot.com/2012/05/transmis
sion-and-distribution-system.html
http://energy.sandia.gov/energy/ssrei/gridmod/integratedresearch-and-development/esdm/
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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MicroGrid: What’s out there
Navy’s Green MicroGrid
http://www.electronicproducts.com/Analog_Mixed_Signal_ICs/S
ensors/Making_the_Navy_green_grid_smarter.aspx
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Our Grid: General Security ?
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Microgrid Activity
(http://www.energystorageexchange.org/projects)
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As renewables grow, states & utilities add storage
regulations
New York Reforming the
Energy Vision
(REV) Order distributed
generation
Mid Atlantic PJM Frequency
Regulation
program
Source: GTM Research / Solar Energy Industry Association
California - Solar PV
has reached 5% of total
electricity generation
and growing
California – AB 2514
Energy Storage Systems
requires 1.3 GW of
storage by 2020
Hawaii - HECO
Ramp Rate
Control
requirements
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
Texas - ERCOT
Frequency
Regulation proposal
Puerto Rico PREPA Ramp
Rate Control
requirements
12
• MicroGrid Functions &
Capabilities
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Microgrid Design and Use Cases
- Key Features
System Design
• Open Comm
standards
• SCADA &
enterprise
interface
• Modular, Preengineered
templates
• Legacy asset
compatible
• Adaptable to
future asset
changes
Seamless
islanding
• Unintentional
(Seamless)
islanding
• Fast grid-fault
detection,
isolation and
safety
interlocks
• Load
shedding
• Source
management
• Grid
reconnection
Black
BlackStart
Start
Frequency &
voltage control
System Balance
Renewable
optimization
Lowest cost
• •Gen
source
Safety
start-up
interlock for
grid isolation
• Sequencing
and
• •PQGen
stabilization
renewable
• Load
sequencing
source start& management
up
• Paralleling
sources
• Power
Quality
stabilization
• Load
sequencing &
management
• Islanded
generator
Freq. control
• Generationdemand
balancing
• Supporting
renewable
dynamics
• Ramp rate
control
• Ancillary
services
• Energy
storage
integration
• Generation
and demand
priority
management
• Fast load
shedding
• Dynamic
demand
response
• Dynamic
energy
storage
management
• Protection
and fault
isolation
• Smart
inverter
controls
• Energy
storage
integration
• Adaptive
system to
weather and
price forecast
• Renewables
maximization
option to
save fossil
fuel
• Utility
Demand
Response
functionality
• Energy
arbitrage
• TCO
optimization
• Fossil fuel
conservation
• Peak shaving
• Load shifting
• Conservative
voltage
regulation
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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Eaton’s Microgrid Energy System (MES)
System Design
Seamless
islanding
Black
BlackStart
Start
Frequency &
voltage control
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System Balance
Renewable
optimization
Lowest cost
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Benefits are significant
Customer Benefits
• Repeatable modules require less engineering,
implementation and testing
• Improved overall cost effectiveness
• Shorter project cycles – Faster Turnkey Project
• High system quality and functional assurance
from comprehensive system simulation & test
• Improved project confidence with less risk
• Flexible to be more easily reconfigured to
reflect changing generation & load assets
• Easier to troubleshoot
• More efficient system support
documentation & training
• Single point of responsibility
• Turnkey and full lifecycle support
Power Xpert ®
energy
optimizer
Microgrid
Energy
System
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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Modular Energy Controller strategy:
scalable for energy storage applications
Customer Benefits
• Stand-alone energy storage solution uses the
pre-engineered template with local HMI
• Eaton smart inverters complete the minimum
functional package
• Eaton’s solution is battery agnostic
• Battery partners often have the benefit of
an embedded battery management
system (BMS)
• Single point of responsibility
• Turnkey and lifecycle support available
Power Xpert ®
energy
optimizer
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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Eaton’s Power Xpert Energy Optimizer TM
Three (3) Local Controllers (SMP 4/DP)
Two (2) Switches: Red Cables: IEC 61850; White Cables: Modbus
Three (3) Local Controllers (SMP 4/DP)
One (1) System Controllers (SMP SG-4250)
One (1) Eaton 9130 UPS (Backup Control Power)
Power Xpert ®
energy
optimizer
Microgrid
Energy
System
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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Eaton’s Power Xpert Energy Optimizer TM
MIT Lincoln Lab Microgrid Demonstration
Eaton’s MIT Lincoln Lab
Microgrid Demo
Varying
External
PV Source
Eaton
applies
Gen 1
Eaton’s Power Xpert
Energy Optimizer at
MIT Lincoln Lab
Eaton
applies
Gen 2
Eaton
applies
Battery
Storage
MIT Lincoln Lab Microgrid
Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator
Battery
Charge
Level
Eaton’s Principal Engineer,
Vijay Bhavaraju addresses a
audience of over 150 attendees
concerning Microgrids
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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Eaton’s Power Xpert Energy Optimizer TM
The brains and glue of the system !
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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• Bidirectional Inverter,
PGE & Military MicroGrid
Applications
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Bidirectional Inverters
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Utility scale energy storage solution elements
• Wide operating voltage range: 750 VDC – 1250 VDC
• Modular fault tolerant design
• High efficiency across broad operating range (greater than 97% @ 25%
power)
• Four quadrant power / power factor range operation capability
• Standard operational temperature range of -20°C to 45°C. Optional
operational range of -40°C to 45°C
• Outdoor rated enclosure design with liquid-cooled, sealed enclosure for
power electronics
• Communication: Modbus/TCP (Cat 5 or Fiber)
• Fast power response to system commands
• Black-Start capability
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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Controllable VA
Reactive power capability)
Power converter controls VAR
and real power by adjusting its
output AC current phase angle
and amplitude.
Amplitude
Control
Max Power
Sourced
Max VAR
VAR Lagging
Control
AC
Current
VA Limit of
Converter
Max VAR
Leading
(Supply)
Grid Vac
Max Power Sink
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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Portland General Electric MicroGrid
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Portland General Electric MicroGrid
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Portland General Electric MicroGrid
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Portland General Electric MicroGrid
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Portland General Electric MicroGrid
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Portland General Electric MicroGrid
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Portland General Electric MicroGrid
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Portland General Electric Video
www.eaton.com/microgrid
PGE Video
Portland General Electric Video
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Building on 10 years of microgrid experience
US-DOD
PGE Selected by DOE as
Oregon Utility Partner in
$178M NW Smart Grid
Demo
Department of Defense
PORTLAND, Ore., Nov 24, 2009 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- The Department of
Energy has selected a Pacific Northwest team including Portland General
Electric (NYSE:POR) to conduct a regional smart grid demonstration project
designed to expand upon existing electric infrastructure and test new smart
grid technology with up to 60,000 customers in five states.
US-DOE
The Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project was one of 16
announced by DOE today. The team includes energy providers, utilities,
vendors and research organizations.
Total estimated cost for the project is $178 million. DOE will provide half the
funding through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. The project's
participants, primarily utilities and industry team members including PGE,
will provide the remaining funds.
PGE's partners on the Oregon project include Eaton Corporation
(NYSE:ETN), EnerDel Inc., and Utility Integration Solutions, Inc. PGE's
project details, including customer participation, will be determined in the
coming months.
Department of Energy
ARPA-E
Advanced Research Projects Agency
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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• Battery Technology
Considerations &
Monitoring
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Battery Storage Pricing
Source: Boston Consulting 2012
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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Battery Storage Applications
Near-Term
Features
Current Features
From Battery Technology Charged with US Grid-Scale Role, North American Renewable Power Advisory, 30 April 2013
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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Battery Technology – Qualitative Comparison
Lithium-ion
Sodium Sulphur
Advanced Lead Acid
Flow Battery
Safety
Environment Friendly
Commercial Maturity
Technical Complexity
Portability
Favorable
Average
Unfavorable
Key Thoughts on Qualitative Attributes
• Lithium-ion batteries are lightweight with a minimal plant footprint and total weight per system thereby making any
MW-sized system easily transportable.
• Sodium-Sulfur batteries must operate at extremely high temperatures and can explode if they come into contact with
water, making them a safety hazard if not handled properly. Consumers dislike the prospect of batteries located close
to residential or highly populated areas.
• Lead acid batteries are the most mature electrochemical energy storage system. They exhibit a low capital cost and
high technical maturity. High potential of environmental hazards has a negative impact on the adoption rate.
• Flow batteries are rather complicated in comparison with standard batteries as they may require pumps, sensors,
control units and secondary containment vessels.
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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Battery Technology – Application Compatibility
Lithium-ion
Sodium
Sulphur
Advanced
Lead Acid
Flow
• Lithium-ion batteries, in utility-scale applications, are generally used to perform frequency regulation and
power management services and will be used for minutes of runtime.
• While a majority of lithium-ion storage projects are currently serving short-duration power needs like
frequency regulation, there is a growing trend towards the “long-duration” applications, capable of
providing energy for two to four hours.
• Sodium Sulphur batteries primary function is long duration energy storage, used for load leveling, arbitrage,
islanding, and renewables output smoothing. However, quick response time (1 millisecond) and the ability
to provide pulse power make them suitable for many power quality applications.
• Current installations and demonstrations have showed their suitability for peak shaving, power quality
control, UPS, islanding, and storage of intermittent renewables.
• Lead acid batteries can be used for the applications grid angular stability, grid voltage stability, grid
frequency excursion suppression, short and long duration power quality, as well as several combinations of
functions.
• Specifically for utility applications, lead acid batteries are used for frequency regulation as well as
buffering & smoothing for renewable microgrids (solar and wind). They are also used for applications
such as peak shaving, load-leveling for isolated systems, back-up power, and voltage regulation.
• Vanadium redox flow batteries are used in applications such as peak shaving, renewables time shifting,
fluctuation suppression, forecast hedging, mitigating transmission curtailment, spinning reserve,
power quality (especially long duration), voltage support and frequency excursion suppression.
• Zinc bromine flow batteries are best suited for peak shaving, regulation control (load following),
renewables time shifting applications and equipment upgrade deferral.
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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Battery Monitoring
http://www.hazards.co/calorimeters/battery-thermal-runaway-testing/arctypebtc/runaway-liion-battery-explosion-during-chargingdischarging/
http://www.emersonnetworkpower-partner.com/Support-360-January-2011Enablers/default.aspx
http://www.cellwatch.com/the-prescient-data-center-manager/
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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• Multiple Distributed
Generation Options
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Distributed Generation Solutions
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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• MicroGrid Feasibility Study
& Implementation
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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MicroGrid Feasibility Conversation
Safe & Efficient Electrical Distribution System
Modernized Equipment
Proper Trip Settings
Arc Flash Analysis
Power Requirement Needs During Outages Analysis
1-Hour
1-Day
1-Week
2-Weeks
Reliability Study / Solutions
Transfer Schemes
Tie-Lines
Generation
MicroGrid
Planned Improvement Budgeting
1-Hr: Current
1-Day: 12-24 months
1-Week: 24-36
months
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
2-Weeks: 36-48
months
43
MicroGrid Comprehensive Offerings
MicroGrid Solutions
EATON Supporting Products
Solution Modules
Individual Applications
Integrated Applications
Service Solution
MicroGrid Feasibility Study
System Solution (Power Study, etc.)
E.g., Capacitors plus Batteries
Ongoing Service Contract
Software / Hardware Service
Contracts / O&M Support
Modules to Turnkey Solutions
Partnering with Critical Hardware
Suppliers:
Battery Suppliers
DG / CHP Suppliers
Fuel Cell Suppliers
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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• Eaton MicroGrid Resources
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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Eaton MicroGrid Resources
www.eaton.com/microgrid
Eaton MicroGrid Presentation
www.eaton.com/microgrid
PGE Video
Future Grid: MIT Report
Eaton MicroGrid Proposal
Eaton Video
Portland Gas & Electric
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
Energy Storage Markets
46
Eaton
Electrical Engineering Services & Systems
Field Services
24/7 Emergency
Response
Acceptance
Testing
Power System
Engineering
Studies:
Arc Flash
Microgrid
Startup
Short Circuit
Commissioning
Overcurrent
Maintenance
Harmonic
Service
Contracts
Load Flow
Motor Starting
Power System
Automation
Protection &
Control Systems
Turnkey
Projects
Project
Management
Dashboards
Engineer,
Procure &
Construct (EPC)
Foreseer
/EPMS
Power pert
Enterprise
Solutions
Local Support,
Crisis Response
Metering
Battery Storage
MicroGrids
Total Life
Cycle Solutions by Eaton
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
Aftermarket &
Life Extension
MV & LV Power
Circuit Breaker
Replacement
Equipment
Rebuild &
Reconditioning
Life Extension
& Modernization
47
© 2015 Eaton. All Rights Reserved..
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Thank You!
Questions…