Filter Practices that Protect Aroma Profile
Increasing Colour and Stability of Pinot Noir
Aspects of Grape and Oenology Technology on Aromatic Whites
Sparkling Blanc de Noir Production
Dr. Ilona Schneider
© 2010 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Production of depth filter sheets
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
2
2
Components and their caracteristics
•
•
•
•
Finely fibrillated cellulose
fibers
•
large internal surface area
•
high clarifying sharpness
•
voluminous pore structure
•
wet strength, adsorption
effect
Kieselguhr
Perlite
Synthetic resins based on
polyamine/polyamide
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
3
3
Particulate charge distribution of a depth filter sheet
 has an anionic (-) charge or
potential, i. e. particles with a
positive charge are adsorbed
•
Cellulose
•
Diatomaceous earth
 has an anionic (-) charge
•
Resin constituents
 have a cationic (+) charge
•
Depth filter sheet up to
and including Steril 40
 have a low cationic (+) charge
•
Finer depth filter sheets
•
Yeasts and bacteria
 have a highly cationic (++)
charge
 can have both positive and
negative charge, depending on
strain
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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4
Depth filter sheet mechanisms
•
Surface filtration
•
Separation of particles at the surface due to their size
•
Depth filtration
•
Separation of particles and microorganisms within the internal
pore structure
•
Adsorption
•
Separation of particles and microorganisms due to different
charges of the depth filter sheet components and the particles
and microorganisms to be separated
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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5
Mechanisms of Sheet Filtration
Surface filtration
Adsorption
Depth Filtration
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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6
Properties of Depth Filtersheets
•
Mecanical sieving effect
•
Retention of particles larger than
pores on the inlet side of the
sheet
•
Deformable, slimy particles, i.e.
gelatine, alcoholic extracts of
drugs and herbs (macerates)
block the surface very fast
=> quick decrease of throughput
Surface filtration
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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7
Properties of Depth Filtersheets
•
Retention of smaller
particles and colloids
•
Particles basicly smaller
than the pores of the sheets
•
Retention is based on
elektrokinetic effects
(Zetapotential)
•
Adsorbtive processes (no
mechanical retention
Adsorption
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Properties of Depth Filtersheets
Depth Filtration
•
Three dimensional inner
structure based on high
pourus Filter Materials
cellulose; D.E.; perlite
•
Retention of particles in the
internal matrix of the sheet
(depth filtration)
•
Pore volume of about 7580%
1 m² filter area and 4 mm
thickness result in 3 Liter
haze volume
•
Especially retained particles:
activated carbon, cristalline
hazes, yeast
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Properties o depth filtersheets
Adsorption
++++ +++- ++ + + + + +
++
+
+++++
+
Cellulose fibre
+++ - ++
+ ++ +++
++++ +- ++++- + - +
ZETA POTENTIAL
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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10
BECOPAD Performance
Adsorptive filtration with Activated carbon sheets
Sterile filtration
Germ-reducing Filtration
Fine filtration
Clarifying filtration
Coarse filtration
Precoat filtration (Kieselguhr, Perlite, Cellulose)
with support sheets
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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11
BECOPAD
Components
Only certified celluloses
No synthetic fibers
Targeted application of a special cellulose based on the
special bepure processing method
No inorganic
components
White depth filter sheet
with outstanding purity
Compostable according
to:
ISO 14855
DIN EN 13432
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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12
BECOPAD
Colour/Visual Appearance
Standard depth filter
sheet
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
BECOPAD
13
13
BECOPAD
Adsorption of Colorants
4,0
3,5
3,0
2,5
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
-2,9
U
80
S
St
er
il
C
PI
r
C
an
ge
PI
r
(P
R
an
ge
(P
R
ra
ng
e
Be
er
P
40
)
St
er
il
15
0)
(B
te
ri l
S
O
C
(B
E
ra
ng
e
)
0
S
10
)
KD
O
W
in
e
ra
ng
e
d
St
an
da
r
0,25
)
0,25
0,10
ad
so
rp
tio
n
-l
ow
D
O
PA
C
BE
2,8
2,8
-
(B
EC
Adsorption of colorants (g/m 2)
Adsorption of colorants (laboratory trial/standardised solution)
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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14
BECOPAD
Adsorption of Colorants
Depth filter sheets backwashed with water
White wine filtration following a red wine filtration
KD
BECOPAD 350
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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BECOPAD
Drip Losses
Detection of drip losses BECOPAD vs. conventional depth filter sheets [lab test]
Drip losses
trial
Tropfverluste
imlab
Labortest
UK
200
BM
180
Steril S
[ml/h] 160
KD
140
Steril
KDS
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
BP 450 BP 350
Wine range
Weinreihe
BP 270
BP 220
BECOPAD
BP 170
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
BP 120
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16
BECOPAD
Wet strength
•
Comparison of removing BECOPADs to depth filter sheets
•
high wet bursting strength  significantly improved handling
BECOPAD
„folding-test“
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BECOPAD
Microbiological Retention Rate
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
diminishing LRV
LRV > 7
18
18
BECOPAD
Microbiological Retention Rate – Wild Yeast
•Hanseniaspora uvarum/Kloeckera apiculata: volatile acid, high
germ counts in the must, very active at the beginning of alcoholic
fermentation
•Smallest wild yeast known in wine, therefore „worst case“
0.8 – 1.2 µm
Detection ofder
germ
reduction rate
Hanseniaspora
uvarum
yeasts,
Bestimmung
Rückhalterate
fürfor
Haseniaspora
uvarum
Hefen
laboratory trials
im Laborversuch
9
8
6
5
4
3
2
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Competitor
KDS
Competitor
KD
Competitor
BM
Competitor
UK
KD
BM
UK
BECOPAD
270
BECOPAD
350
0
BECOPAD
450
1
BECOPAD
550
LRV-Wert
7
19
19
BECOPAD
Microbiological Retention Rate – Bacteria
Pediococcus damnosus:
germ reduction rate of Pediococcus damnosus [lab trial]
0.5 – 1.0 µm
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BECOPAD
270
BECOPAD
220
BECOPAD
170
BECOPAD
120
KDS 15
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Steril 40
Steril S 80
20
20
BECOPAD
Microbiological Retention Rate – spontaneous yeast
•Brettanomyces bruxellensis / Dekkera bruxellensis
1,E+07
Brettanomyces spp. (cfu/ml)
2.550.000
1,5 – 2,0 µm
1,E+06
0,7-0,9 µm
1,E+05
1,E+04
1,E+03
1,E+02
1,E+01
1,E+00
liquid to Steril S 80 Steril 60
be filtered
Begin
BECOPAD BECOPAD BECOPAD BECOPAD BECOPAD BECOPAD BECOPAD
120
170
220
270
350
450
550
1,5 bar differential pressure
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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BECOPAD
BECOPAD 115 C
BECOPAD 120
BECOPAD 170
BECOPAD 220
BECOPAD 270
BECOPAD 350
BECOPAD 450
BECOPAD 550
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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22
BECOPAD
Experience for Filter pressing
• Standard layers (40 format) are usually compressed to only 1.2 to
1.4 mm
• the BECOPAD should be compressed to approximately 0.8 mm.
=> this means that a disk package with for example 100 plates,
could be 4 to 6 inches shorter
• Filter with hydraulic piston and cylinder are normally closed better as
filters, which are on a spindle and pressed also by hand
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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23
Pratical issues
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Pratical issues
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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25
Pratical issues
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Pratical issues
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Pratical issues
© 2009 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Filtration scheme
Cooperative with Pre- and Membrane Filter cartridge before
bottling
BECOPAD 115 C
bottling
Filter sheet
Pre
filling
tank
Prefilter
cartridge
Advantage:
•
Sterile Filtration with „police filter“
•
Bottling of different wines (National and International)
•
Excellent protection for membrane filter cartridge
•
BECOPAD 115 C: good filter index and regeneration
© 2010 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Membrane
filter
cartridge
Filtration scheme
Bottler on truck BECOPAD 115 C and membrane filter cartridge before
bottling
BECOPAD 115 C
BECOPAD 350/
BECOPAD 270
Filter sheet
bottling
or
BECODISC 115 C
Filter sheet
Membrane
cartridge
Filling
tank
module
© 2010 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Base wine and premium wine
Bottling
BECOPAD 220/
BECOPAD 170
Premium wine
BECOPAD 350/
BECOPAD 270
BECOPAD 115 C
Base wine
BECOPAD 350/
BECOPAD 270
© 2010 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.
Bottling
Filter Practices that Protect Aroma Profile
Increasing Colour and Stability of Pinot Noir
Aspects of Grape and Oenology Technology on Aromatic Whites
Sparkling Blanc de Noir Production
Dr. Ilona Schneider
© 2010 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.