ACEEE From Grid Response to Grid Interactive:
An Evolving Perspective
Autonomous Load Control For Resilient Reserves
Joseph E. Childs
JosephEChilds@Eaton.com
303.279.3714
© 2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.
PV Market and Policy Drivers
PV Price & Penetration
Legislated Renewable Standards Policies and Goals
Texas Renewable Energy Resource Assessment
IREC North Carolina Energy Center
ME ‐ 2020: 30%
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Decreasing by 30%/year
Driven by off‐shore manufacturing (China)
VT ‐ 2025: 24.8%
2020: 15%
2015: 15%
2025: 25%
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Initially driven by mandates and subsidies
2025: 25%
2020: 33%
2015: 10%
NH ‐ 2017: 20%
2015: 29%
2015: 10%
2025: 20%
2025: 15%
2020: 30%
2021: 18%
105 MW
2020: 20%
2021: 15%
2015: 15%
CT ‐ 2020: 27%
NJ ‐ 2021: 20.4%
2020: 20%
DE ‐ 2026: 25%
2015: 5880 MW
2030: 40%
Note: Data for solar only
http://www.seco.cpa.state.tx.us/publications/renewenergy/
“inflection point”
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MA ‐ 2020: 22.1%
RI ‐ 2020: 16%
MD ‐ 2022: 20%
< 10%
10% ‐ 20%
> 20%
Economic / social benefits prevail (< $0.10/kWh) Renewable penetration exceeds 5% (point of stability problems) •
Penetration of PV at inflection point
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Other intermittent sources and loads continue to drive complexity in distribution grid
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Distribution System – Power System Models
Voltage % of nominal
IEEE 34-Bus Test Feeder with PV integration
Voltage % of nominal
Voltage rise
introduced by
reverse power
flow from PV
integration
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Real vs. Idealized PV Power Output
PV Power Output
“Ideal” Insulation
Data source: NREL
• Intermittency is one of major challenges of renewables
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NRECA Customer Foot Print vs Policy vs
Market
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Individual Utility Goals
Urban and Remote Power Systems
Feeder Level Power Issues
Multiple Use Cases
Seasonal Value Propositions
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Demand Side Management with Adaptive
Probabilistic Deconfliction
NODES Program Objectives
CATEGORY 1: Synthetic Frequency Response
Reserves
DOE Project metrics
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Initial Response Time < 2 seconds
Reserve Magnitude Target (RMT) > 2 % of load
Reserve Magnitude Variability Tolerance (RMVT)
< +/- 5%
Ramp Time < 8 seconds
Duration> 30 seconds
Availability > 95 %
Recovery < 4 Hours
Solution Metrics
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Funding agency: DOE ARPA-E
Technical Objectives of NRECA GridBallast
• Local frequency reserves & voltage management
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Integrate ordinary deferrable loads
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Probabilistic frequency & voltage response
algorithms
Initial Response Time 7-10 Cycles (+.12 Secs)
Reserve Magnitude Target (RMT) 5 % of load
Reserve Magnitude Variability Tolerance (RMVT)
2%
Ramp Time < 2 seconds
Duration> 10 Minutes
Recovery < 1 hour
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GridBallasts – Autonomous Load Control
Frequency and Ramping Reserves
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Autonomous, Collaborative & Central Control
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Probabilistic frequency & voltage response
algorithms
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Alonetic
Power System Modelling
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Quantity, Placement, Sensitivity
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Business Discussion
• Skate to where the puck will be (Ed Cannon)
• Healthy Company
• There are 10 times more new product ideas than
funding available
• Market vs. Market Potential
• How many products are delivered each year
• How big can the market get
• Chicken and the Egg vs. Catch 22
© 2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.
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© 2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.
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© 2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.
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Context – America’s Electric Cooperative
Network:
• Serve 75% of the
nation’s land mass.
• Provide power to
approximately 42
million consumers
from 65 generation
and transmission coops.
• Operate 42% of the
nation’s distribution
lines.
© 2013 Eaton. All rights reserved.
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