ALS: Pushing the Envelope
4/3/14
ADVANCED LIGHTING
SOLUTIONS WORKSHOP
PUSHING the ENVELOPE
ELIMINATING
NIGHT LIGHTS
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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ALS: Pushing the Envelope
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NIGHT LIGHTS in CORRIDORS
NIGHT LIGHTS in ROOMS
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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NIGHT LIGHTS
•  Designed and installed to provide emergency
lighting when building power is lost
•  Significant load in commercial buildings
•  Operate 24/7 (8,760 hrs/yr)
•  Don’t need to be on 24/7
•  Only when building power is lost
EMERGENCY LIGHTING
CONTROLS
•  Work with central generators or central inverter systems
•  Energy-saving alternatives to night lights
•  Allow emergency lighting to operate on switched circuits
–  Instead of dedicated night light circuits
•  Senses loss of normal power & bypasses wall switches to
supply power directly to selected fixtures
www.bodine.com/products/generator.html
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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EMERGENCY LIGHTING
CONTROLS
•  When lighting systems are turned off manually and power
failure occurs, these devices will ensure there is
emergency lighting
–  Lights can also be turned off manually for presentations in
conference rooms
•  Thousands of energy hours of savings each year
www.bodine.com/products/generator.html
COMMERCIAL DEVICES
•  GTD - Generator transfer device
–  www.philips.com/bodine
•  Emergency UL924 Bypass/Shunt Relays
–  http://lighting.functionaldevices.com/ul924.php
–  http://lightingcontrols.com
–  http://www.hubbell-automation.com/products/
bypass_shunt_relays/?pbid=1213462
•  Emergency Lighting Control Unit
–  www.wattstopper.com
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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EMERGENCY UL924 BYPASS/
SHUNT RELAY
http://lighting.functionaldevices.com/ul924.php
PHOTOLUMINESCENT
WAYFINDING MARKINGS
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
•  “glow-in-the-dark” from rare earth mineral crystals
found naturally in the earth
–  Light-storing pigments have unique capacity to absorb and
store energy from ambient light
–  When lights out, absorbed light energy released
•  Crystals emit luminous glow
•  Photoluminescent crystals are basic component of glowin-the-dark pigments
–  Older (1940s), novelty grade pigments - zinc sulfide
•  ZnS
–  New, safety-grade pigments - strontium oxide aluminate
•  SrAIO3
•  Glow 10 X brighter & 10 X longer glowing than zinc sulfide
PHOTOLUMINESCENT
EXIT SIGNS
•  Specify & install UL 924 listed photo-luminescent Exit signs
•  NO electricity, BUT requires light source to “charge”
–  Fluorescent or incandescent source - typical 60 minutes
•  Now accepted by codes in place of internally lighted signs
–  No longer only considered a supplemental source
•  Significantly reduces maintenance costs – 25 yr expected life
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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ALS: Pushing the Envelope
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PHOTOLUMINESCENT
EXIT SIGNS
•  “Charging” light source must be “reliable” per NFPA 101
–  “reliable” not defined - determined by Authority Having
Jurisdiction (AHJ) (usually a fire or building code inspector)
•  Who sometimes prefer on emergency circuit
•  Installation requires verification of light level required to
charge exit sign
–  Brighter light sources increase charge
•  Minimum 5 FC
–  Use good digital light meter (+/- 5%)
–  Periodic testing of light levels should be made to ensure that
lumen depreciation not taken light level too low to “charge”
PHOTOLUMINESCENT
EXIT SIGNS
•  Glow time
–  8 hours after all light extinguished
–  NFPA 101 and UL 924 focus on first 90 minutes
•  During occupant evacuation
•  Recharge time
–  Recharge fully in 30 to 60 minutes when ambient light restored
–  Ready to glow again for another 8 hours
•  Product life
–  Pigments charge and discharge indefinitely
–  No predetermined life span
–  Based on wear and tear, useful life estimated at 25 years
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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PHOTOLUMINESCENT
CODES & STANDARDS
•  GSA 2003 Facilities Stds P100
•  Source: www.gsa.gov/P100
•  NYC Building Code Local Law 26
•  Requires photoluminescent signs and markings in emergency
staircases of High Rise Office Buildings (>75 ft) by 7/1/06
•  Reference standard RS 6-1 “Photoluminescent Low-Level Exit Path
Markings” & RS 6-1A “Additional Standards”
•  International Building Code (IBC)
•  2007 Supplement to 2006 IBC modified to include standard for
photoluminescent path markings in the stairways of most new highrise buildings over 75 feet - - as already required by NYC
Source: www.americanpermalight.com
PHOTOLUMINESCENT
CODES & STANDARDS
•  American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM)
•  3 photoluminescence (P/L) standards
•  E2072 – Minimum photometric P/L safety markings
•  E2073 – Standard test method for P/L markings
•  E2030 – Standard guide for recommended uses of P/L safety markings,
including installation recommendations for P/L egress path markings
•  Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
•  UL 1994 – Luminous Egress Path Marking Systems
•  UL 924 includes photoluminescent exit signs
•  “Self Luminous & Photoluminescent Exit Signs”
•  California Building Code (CABC)
•  Requires approved floor-level exit signs and floor-level path
markings in all interior corridors
•  Effective January 1, 2008
Source: www.americanpermalight.com
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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ALS: Pushing the Envelope
Normal Lighting
4/3/14
Blackout
List of Manufacturers
Go to: www.4specs.com/s/10/10-1443.html
Source: www.americanpermalight.com
LIGHT-EMITTING PLASMA
(LEP™)
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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LEP™
•  Tic-tac size lamp with metal halides,
excited by a high frequency generator
–  High-frequency electromagnetic field
ionizes gas molecules
–  Creates plasma that vaporizes the metal
halide salts
–  Metal halides completely join the gas
plasma creating a powerful, high-intensity
white light
•  Broad & continuous spectral power
distribution (SPD)
–  Daylight
•  High illuminance (FC) HID
replacement applications
–  Street & parking lot lighting, floodlights,
high-bay lighting
www.luxim.com
LEP™
www.luxim.com
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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LEP™ APPLICATIONS
LEP™ APPLICATIONS
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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LEP™ APPLICATIONS
LEP™
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
•  True point source
–  Good optical control
•  Minimize glare & light trespass
•  Dimmable, fast re-strike time
•  33,600 L; 280-w; 120 LPW; 30,000 – 50,000 hrs (L50)
95 CRI
•  Observations (by others): Poor color (greenish);
pulsating appearance
•  Single source technology
–  Luxim
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
www.luxim.com
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DIRECT CURRENT POWER
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
DC POWER DISTRIBUTION
•  For commercial buildings
–  First registered products for DC power distribution in Data
Centers introduced at Greenbuild 2013
•  Greater electrical energy efficiency, flexibility &
sustainability
•  Common microgrid platform to facilitate hybrid use of
AC & DC power throughout buildings
–  SSL lighting
•  EMerge® Alliance
–  Open industry association leading the rapid adoption of safe
DC power distribution in commercial buildings through
development of standards
–  More than 100 member organizations
–  39 new products shown at LFI 2013
www.EMergeAlliance.org
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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HUMAN-CENTRIC LIGHTING
HUMAN-CENTRIC LIGHTING
Architectural SSL Magazine published first ar7cle June 2012 by Brian Liebel, Rod Heller & Stan Walerczyk J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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HUMAN-CENTRIC LIGHTING
•  Human Centric Lighting can also be called
human factors in lighting, biophilia and other
terms
•  Human Centric Lighting, including daylight and
tunable LED systems may be the next big step in
lighting
Source: www.lightingwizards.com
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
•  Humans evolved with a 24 hour body clock
–  Different light levels and CCT throughout the day that changes
throughout the year
–  Allows being alert during the day and sleep at night
•  We used to spend 90% of the time outside
•  Now most people spend about 10% outside
–  Thanks to electric lighting, which is basically one light level
and one CCT all day long, day after day, year after year,
decade after decade
–  We are not wired for this
Source: www.lightingwizards.com
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
•  How are our internal clocks set?
–  New photoreceptor discovered, ipRGC
•  intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells
•  Particularly responsive to blue rich light
•  Even some blind people are sensitive to this light
through the ipRGC!
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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ALS: Pushing the Envelope
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NATURALLY SET BY LIGHT
•  Light in early morning is more red & less blue
•  Similar to candlelight, fire, incandescent, ~ 2700K
•  Light at noon has high blue content
•  5000K to 14,000K blue sky
•  As sun sets, have more blue, but less light
•  Night just moon and stars
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
LIGHT COLOR IMPACT on
CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS
•  Humans evolved under day/night cycles
•  The blue region has the greatest impact
–  Somewhere between 470 & 500 nm
•  Properly functioning circadian rhythms will
maximize production of serotonin and dopamine at
midday
•  This makes us alert, energetic, happy
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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DAYLIGHT
HUMAN BIOLOGICAL TRIGGERS
•  Intensity of light may
trigger
–  Light/dark cycle
–  Temperature
–  Feeding
•  Light is the switch that
turns everything on and
off
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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HOW DOES LIGHT & DARK
AFFECT OUR BODIES?
•  Controls hormone production
–  Dopamine: During day - Pleasure, Alertness,
Muscle Coordination
–  Serotonin: During day - Impulse Control,
Carbohydrate Cravings
–  Cortisol: During day – Stress Response
–  Melatonin: During night - Sleep
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
DISRUPTED CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
•
•
•
•
•
Trouble getting sound sleep
Feeling down or depressed
Crave carbohydrates
Poor coordination
Can’t think straight
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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ALS: Pushing the Envelope
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SLEEP AID – LED BULB
•  Lighting Science Group Definitely Digital
Source: https://definitydigital.com
AND in the MORNING
•  Lighting Science Group Definitely Digital
Source: https://definitydigital.com
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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CIRCADIAN
ALARM CLOCK
•  Philips Wake-up Light
–  Coloured Sunrise Simulation
Source: www.lightingwizards.com
EXAMPLES OF DISRUPTED
CIRCADIAN RHYTHM
•  Most medical errors occur on 3rd shift
•  Accident rate dramatically higher
–  Truck drivers
–  Manufacturing errors
•  World Health Organization classifies
3rd shift work as class II carcinogen
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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JET LAG
•  Circadian Shifting
•  Pushes normal day/night cycle forward or
backward
•  Solve this by entraining your circadian rhythm
– More blue later at night for going west
– More blue earlier in morning for going east
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
HEALTHCARE
•  Patient orientation to windows
–  Speeds recovery time
–  Need less medication
•  ICU
–  Convert to all red after 10 PM
–  No blue screens at night!
–  Blue during the day
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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HEALTHY LIGHTING
•  Healthy lighting and healthy darkness are inextricably
linked – must have both
–  Most people in western countries do not get enough light
•  Need to have normal 24 hour Circadian Cycle
•  Lamp choices should be based on science
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
PHILIPS & HEALTHCARE
•  High color temperature (CCT) and high lumens
morning to mid-afternoon
•  Lower CCT and lower lumens during evening
•  Sleep better, so recovery is faster
•  Now fluorescent, but color changing LED will be
better
•  Web search “Philips Healwell” for videos
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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PHILIPS & SCHOOL LIGHTING
•  12,000K first 30 minutes in morning
–  Wake up
•  5000 to 6500K during normal work
–  Calm work type light
•  Double the work light light level for tests
–  Increases focus for demanding tasks
•  2700K after recess (and before nap time)
–  Calming effect
•  Now fluorescent, but LED coming
•  http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=3lfc1y8q5l4&feature=related
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
OSRAM’S BIOLOGICALLY
OPTIMIZED LIGHTING FOR
SCHOOL STUDY
•  Provided by Dr. Hannah Helbig, Osram, 2012
•  ZNL Transfer Centre for Neuorscience and Learning
•  Osram performed studies at 2 schools
•  Siteco’s indirect and LED fixtures
–  Direct 4000K
–  Indirect tunable 6500 - 14,000K
•  14,000K during study
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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OSRAM’S BIOLOGICALLY
OPTIMIZED LIGHTING FOR
SCHOOL STUDY
•  Measurements close to students’ eyes were 6500K
horizontal and 5500K vertically
•  Spatial, spectral and temporal properties
–  Higher Kelvin for up light to be like outside with
daylight
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
OSRAM’S BIOLOGICALLY
OPTIMIZED LIGHTING FOR
SCHOOL STUDY
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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TYPICAL OFFICE LIGHTING
•  Most office lighting today is 3500K or 4100K
•  Many health disorders can be linked to improper
amounts of blue rich light during correct parts of the day
•  We spend 5 out of 7 working days indoors
•  We need more daylight
•  If we can’t get natural light, get manmade daylight
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
RECOMMENDATIONS
•  Work
–  Use 5000K to 6500K lighting
–  Heavy computer use, 8000K & lower light levels
–  Use 5000K or 6500K for fluorescent task light
–  3500K LED task light often okay
•  Home
–  Daytime - 5000K to 8000K
–  Late afternoon switch to 2700K
–  No blue light alarm clocks or nightlights!
Source: Energy Performance Lighting – Rodney Heller
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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KELVIN CHANGING AND
DIMMABLE LED TROFFERS
•  Many manufacturers are
developing these models over
next few years
•  The example is from Galaxia,
which costs about $200 with
remote control
–  D L C ( D e s i g n L i g h t s
Consortium) approved and
award winner at 2012 Next
Generation Luminaires
Competition (NGLC)
Source: www.lightingwizards.com
NATURE SCENE
LED TROFFERS
•  Available from several manufacturers
•  Here is a video from one
–  www.youtube.com/watch?
v=rYDW7rvbpTY&feature=channel
Source: www.lightingwizards.com
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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VIRTUAL SKY
•  Each 50 centimeter square panel has 288 red, blue, green and white
LEDs
•  Current price is about $1000/square yard, but price should come
down dramatically over time
•  www.fastcoexist.com/1679095/can-natural-light-make-employeesmore-productive
Source: www.lightingwizards.com
DIMMING & KELVIN CHANGING
LED TASK LIGHTS
Prism has dimming and Kelvin changing LED task lights
www.prismled.com
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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DIMMING & KELVIN CHANGING
VIDEOS
•
www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ccaNHv3f2o&feature=youtube_gdata_player •
www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMM66hdD168&feature=youtube_gdata_player •
www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPaKuOeuMg8&feature=channel SUNSET DIMMING PRODUCT
•  Philips Hue
–  Residential division of Philips
–  Web enabled lighting using downloaded app from Apple store
–  http://forummedia.us/hue/
–  http://phys.org/news/2012-10-bulb-enables-wirelesspersonalized-smartphone.html
Source: www.lightingwizards.com
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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SUNSET DIMMING PRODUCT
•  CREE LMH2 Module
–  OEM product for lighting manufacturers
–  Dims smoothly from 2700K to 1800K
•  Down to 5%
–  Emulates incandescent dimming
–  Available in range of lumen packages
•  850 – 3,000L
–  50,000 hrs (L70)
Source: www.cree.com
FOR MORE INFORMATION
•  Human-Centric Lighting website
–  Lots of good and free information
–  Some HCL committee presentations available to
public
–  http://humancentriclighting.com/
J. L. Fetters, C.L.E.P.
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