AFM, International (Integrated) Undergraduate Medical Program Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University Internal regulation for bachelor stage Integrated Curriculum Chapter (1) Goals of the bachelor stage and learning strategies 1. Introduction The need of developing the educational program for the students of bachelor stage Since the “ Alexandria Faculty of Medicine “ was established in 1942, it took the responsibility of supporting the local , the Arab , and the African society with ideal graduates who are qualified in offering special medical services that help to raise the person’s and society’s health . This is clear in the mission of the faculty, which states “The Alexandria Faculty of Medicine is committed to support the community with physicians who are qualified in the diagnosis and treatment of its health problems and who have the ethics of the profession and who keep the noble social standards and morals. The faculty also seeks for enriching the medical sciences with the medical researches that helps in solving the problems of the society. Besides , it is keen for offering the best medical care that pursues the new technologies of the society through the university hospitals and all other kinds of services within the society “ Based on this, the educational program for the bachelor stage was completely developed to be identical with the national academic reference standards as well as the international references and to fulfill the needs of the society and try to overcome the shortcomings of the previous program, which offers the graduates of the faculty the required qualifications for challenge and better chances for work on the local, regional, and international levels. 2. Objectives and Strategies Clause (1): Objectives of the faculty in the stage of the bachelor The regulations of the bachelor stage of the “Alexandria Faculty of Medicine “were determined in a way, so that it can lead the Faculty of Medicine to the international position that we wish for. The objectives of the faculty are summarized in the following: 1- Supporting the society with special graduates, qualified in the diagnosis and treatment of the medical problems in the society and who have the ethics of the profession and keep the social standards and morals. 2- Preparing graduates who are practiced on focusing on the guarantee and quality of medical services in the first level of medical care. 3- Adapting doctors who are capable of taking part in scientific researches that are important n raising the health level of the society. 4- Developing the abilities of self and continuous learning of the graduates. Clause (2): Educational philosophy The objectives of the bachelor stage are achieved through the application of an educational philosophy that relies on the following principles: 1- Education is a lifelong process. 2- One is capable of self-learning through his personal efforts of reaching the knowledge resources and taking benefits from them. 3- The staff member is not just a vehicle for knowledge and skills, but he also guides his students to reach to the different knowledge resources. In addition, he should be their role model in facing different problems and being capable of solving them with the help of his gained experiences. Clause (3) : Teaching methods and its strategy: In order to achieve the goals and educational philosophy, the faculty has the following methodologies for teaching in Bachelor stage: 1- Self-learning strategies by using the different sources of knowledge (like books, computers, and internet …….etc.) 2- Different teaching strategies for the student to gain the information, skills and orientations like: developed lectures, discussions, practices, workgroups, seminars, …….etc. 3- The strategy of the integration between different medical sciences, and which creates the relation between the basic sciences and its clinical and practical applications. 4- The strategy of the early practicing on how to solve medical problems 5- The continuous objective evaluation. Chapter ( 2) Faculty departments Code 0501 0502 0503 0504 0505 0506 0507 0508 0509 0510 0511 0512 0513 0514 0515 0516 0517 0518 0519 0520 0521 0522 0523 0524 0525 0526 0527 0528 0529 0530 0531 0532 0533 0534 department Anesthesia & Surgical Intensive Care Cardiology and Angiology Cardiothoracic Surgery Chest Diseases Clinical and Chemical Pathology Clinical Pharmacology Community Medicine and Public Health Critical Care Medicine Dermatology, Veneriology and Andrology Emergency Medicine Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Genitourinary Surgery Histology and Cell Biology Human Anatomy & Embryology Internal Medicine Medical Biochemistry Medical Education Medical Microbiology and Immunology Medical Parasitology Medical Physiology Neurology and Psychiatry Neurosurgery Obstetrics and Gynecology Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Ophthalmology Orthopedic Surgery & Traumatology Otorhinolaryngology Pathology Pediatrics Physical Medicine, Rheumatology &Rehabilitation Radiodiagnosis Surgery Tropical Medicine Medical genetics Chapter 3 The curriculum is formed of two stages, when they are accomplished successfully; the student gets the grade of the Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBCh). The first Phase Pre-clerkship Phase : This phase aims for making the student able to study the medical sciences in the integrated system, and it consists of 6 educational semesters through the first 3 years. The first semester is a Preliminary semester for preparing the students for high education in general and medical education especially. The student gets a concentrated English course and another course to make him capable of getting international Computer Driving license (ICDL). Moreover, the student learns how to get the information through the E-libraries and the available resources of the internet. He also gets courses about medical ethics and the rules governing his faculty and his rights and duties. Then the student starts to study the basics medical sciences in the form of educational units which mix between the basic medical sciences that explain the structure, function, chemistry and genes of the body and its cells in a practical and clinical context. Then through the next 5 semesters the student begins to study the medical courses in the form of integrated systems. This phase represents the base on which the second phase (the stage of dealing with patients) will depend on. In this stage, students get to learn the basics of the medical sciences in a deeper and more precise way. In addition, this phase will include a course for Professional Skills Development, in which the student starts by learning the communication skills with patients, followed by skills of clinical examination and first aid, etc. This phase also includes the basics of the behavioral sciences and the human rights. This course runs though the 5 semesters from the second till the sixth. At this phase, the student also studies an introduction about the science of epidemiology, medical statistics, and the bases of medical research. He is also introduced to the nature of the “bed work “either in hospitals or in primary medical care centers. In addition, he gets to learn the basics of fighting the infections and also the basics of the quality control in medical care. The second Phase Clerkship Phase : This phase lasts for 6 semesters and it aims for preparing the students for professional practicing, in which they are trained through direct interaction with patients in the general and specialized clinical departments. It ends with a period of condensed clinical practice for 20 weeks where the students pass again on the different clinical departments (Pre Internship Rotation). This period is followed by an“exit exam “which includes all basic clinical skills determined for the students. The students should pass this exam in order to get the bachelor degree of medicine and surgery, but its marks are not included in the total score of the student. Chapter 4 Basic Rules Clause ( 5 ) : The Alexandria Faculty of Medicine gives the bachelor of medicine and surgery under the request of the Council of the Faculty of Medicine. . Clause ( 6 ) : The period of studying for getting the bachelor degree is 12 semesters Clause ( 7 ) : The study period for getting the bachelor degree in medicine and surgery is divided into 2 phases : 1- Pre-Clerckship Phase 2- Clerckship Phase Clause ( 8 ) : Study time (school calendar) The school year consists of 2 semesters: Autumn ( 1st semester ) : In preclerckship phase: it starts from the third Saturday of September and lasts for 15 weeks In clerckship phase: it starts in the first week of September and lasts for 20 weeks - Spring ( 2nd semester ) : In preclerckship phase: it starts from the third Saturday of February and lasts for 15 weeks In clerckship phase: it starts in the half of February and lasts for 20 weeks, except for the 12th semester, it will be 16 weeks only. Clause ( 9 ) : General conditions for registration 1- The applicant must have a certificate of the completion of the secondary school from the Arab Republic of Egypt or an equivalent degree from a scientific institution recognized by the University and of the Supreme Council of Universities. 2- Payment of tuition fees must be on time determined by the faculty. Clause ( 10 ) : Credit point system ECTS ECTS is the system that is approved by the European Organization for Higher Education and is applied in weighing the courses and in the assessment of students. It is a systematic way to describe the curriculum by identifying credit points for parts of the educational programs, based on the effort of the students represented by the number of study hours required to achieve the learning objectives (ILOS). This system is based on the fact that a student ,during the school year, can make from 1500 – 1800 hours, from which every 25-30 hours are translated into a single credit point added to the tally , so the student can collect about 50-60 points through the year or the single academic level as a maximum . These points reflect the amount of the required effort per every single unit of the curriculum. It includes the academic and training efforts such as attending lectures and practical lessons and self-learning activities, workshops, and other scientific activities, either in the library, the hospital, or the classrooms, or home. Therefore the system focuses on the overall burden of students and is not restricted on the contact hours with teachers. Credit Points are distributed on all curricular units, either obligatory or electives. The credit points are awarded only when the student completes his study of all courses and pass all examinations successfully. Total points adopted for the program: 60 credit points per year x 6 levels = 360 points distributed over the various courses. CLAUSE (11) : learning Activities The learning activities consist of several-pronged strategy to achieve the intended learning outcomes and academic standards in conformity with the national academic reference standards. 1. Theoretical information : 40%-60% of study time 1- Developed lectures 2- Self-learning : a. E-learning (10%) in the first year and rises gradually to replace lectures b. Tutorial Group discussion c. Assignments and Presentations d. Integrated Learning Activity (ILA) e. Team Based Learning (TBL) 2. Practical , Clinical , and Professional skills : 60%-40% 1- Practical Lessons 2- Clinical and Professional skills The student starts practicing on these skills from the first year in a long course that extends throughout the years of education. The practicing takes place in a center of developing clinical skills for the first three years , then ( from the fourth till the sixth year ) in takes place in the different basic clinical departments including the University hospitals , outpatient clinics , emergency departments , hospitals of the Ministry of Family Medicine Centers. Health , Health Insurance and Note : - A ratio of 60% lectures, 40% practical and clinical or 40% lectures, 60% practical and clinical are determined according to the requirement of the components of the educational unit , taking into account that the ratio of self-education , practical education , and clinical education rises as the student progress through their study years . - 60% - 75% of study time is specified for practical and clinical practice in case of special courses, like computing skills, information proficiency and professional development. How to apply the means of self-learning? 1. E-Learning : a certain percentage ( starts with about 10 % ) is allocated from the lectures into the electronic form ( text , power point presentation) . A link on the internet is determined where the student can look up for medical information in textbooks or multimedia. 2. Tutorial Classes : students are divided into small groups ( 50 students) and they discuss in the educational meeting an identified subject through questions & answers and seminars , the student should have the basic role in leading the discussion . 3. Integrated Learning Activity(ILA): students are divided into small groups who attend a meeting that lasts for an hour twice a week with a tutor who is responsible for this activity in the educational unit . 4. Team Based Learning : - This activity can be applied on a group of students up to 50100 students, in the presence of an instructor. A part of the educational unit is determined for this activity and the students are directed to reading information about this part in determined resources (references, internet links, and handouts) before the meeting. - The cession starts with giving the students an objective exam (MCQ , T&F , EMQ ) which covers the intended learning outcomes in this section .The exam is answered by the students individually and the answer sheets are collected to be corrected either electronically immediately or later on by the students themselves. Then the students are divided into small groups and answer the questions of the exams again together. The instructor asks each team to give its answer for every question and then the instructor gives the correct answer. Each team is asked to give the reasons for its answer and right and wrong answers are discussed between groups with the help of the instructor. - Students might be asked for criticizing the questions or determine questions that were not clear and a better suggestion for the form of questions. 5. Students assignments & Presentations This activity was applied in the academic year 2008-2009 and the same image is applied alternately with the previously mentioned activities. Section 5 Curriculum and Evaluation Curriculum of the first phase (pre-clerkship) Year 1 Semester II (30 ECT) Semester I (30 ECT) 8 I. Concepts of Health and Disease 6 I. Introduction to Medical Studies 10 II. Musculoskeletal system 10 II. Nutrition & Metabolism 8 III. Blood, lymph & Immune system 14 III. Introduction to Medical Sciences 4 IV. Professional development I Year 2 Semester IV (30 ECT) 5 Semester III (30 ECT) I. Epidemiology and biostatistics 14 II. Cardiovascular system 10 I. Nervous system and special senses 10 10 II. Infection & Immunity III. Respiratory system 2 Student Selected Component 2 Student Selected Component 4 Professional development II 3 Professional development III Year 3 Semester VI (30 ECT) Semester V (30 ECT) 14 I. Gastrointestinal system 8 I. Endocrine system 8 II. Pathobiology of selected systems 8 II. Urinary System 10 III. Reproductive System III. Health Care environment & Management 2 Student Selected Component 2 Student Selected Component 2 Professional development IV 2 Professional development V 4 Curriculum of the second phase (clerkship) Year 4 Semester VII GROUP A GROUP B Medicine I + Basic imaging + Laboratory Medicine Surgery I + Anesthesia 8w 20 W starting 1 Sep (1st Saturay of Sep) 40 Attending Hour / week 1w 8w Clinical exam (OSCE) Surgery I + Anesthesia 1w 1w 1w Medicine I + Basic imaging + Laboratory Medicine Clinical exam (OSCE) Study Leave Written Exam Leave 2 w Semester VIII 20 W starting 15 Feb (3rd Saturday of Feb) 40 Attending Hour / week 4w Obs. Gyn I 4w Tropical Med + Clinical Parasito/Micro 1w 4w 4w 1w 1w W1 Pediatrics I Orthopedic ELECTIVE Clinical exam (OSCE) Pediatrics I Obs. Gyn I Orthopedic ELECTIVE Tropical Med + Clinical Parasito/Micro Clinical exam (OSCE) Study Leave Written Exam Summer Leave 4-6 w \ Attendance Fulfillment AND Resit Exam. GROUP A GROUP B 4w Pediatrics II Obs. Gyn II 4W ELECTIVE Neurology & Psychiatry + Mental Health Care 1w 4w Clinical exam (OSCE) Obs. Gyn II Pediatrics II 4w ELECTIVE Neurology & Psychiatry + Mental Health Care Clinical exam (OSCE) Study Leave Written Exam Year 5 Semester IX 20 W starting 1 Sep (1st Saturay of Sep) 40 Attending Hour / week 1w 1w 1w Leave 2w Semester X 20 W starting 15 Feb 4w Basic Ear, Nose & Throat Basic Ophthalmology 2w Urosurgery Dermatology 2w ELECTIVE ELECTIVE 1w 4w (3rd Saturday of Feb) 2w 40 2w Attending Hour / 1w week 1w 1w Clinical exam (OSCE) Basic Ophthalmology Basic Ear, Nose & Throat Dermatology Urosurgery ELECTIVE ELECTIVE Clinical exam (OSCE) Study Leave Written Exam Summer Leave 4-6 w \ Attendance Fulfillment and Resit Exam Year 6 Semester XI 4w w4 20 W starting 1 Sep (1st Saturay of Sep) GROUP A GROUP B Emergency Med & Critical care Forensic & Clinical Toxicology Family Medicine Principles & Revisiting child health, maternal health, mental health,……… 1w 4w 4w ELECTIVE Clinical exam (OSCE) Forensic Emergency Med & & Critical care Clinical Toxicology ELECTIVE Family Medicine Principles & Revisiting child health, maternal health, mental health,……… 1w 1w 1w Clinical exam (OSCE) Study Leave Written Exam Leave 2 w Semester XII 16 W starting 15 Feb (3rd Saturday of Feb) Ends 15/6 6w Surgery II Medicine II 6w Medicine II Surgery II 2w 1w 1w Clinical exam (OSCE) Study Leave Written Exam Summer Leave 3 weeks Attendance Fulfillment and Resit Exam (Pre-Internship) Starts 8/7 12 w 20 w 2w 2w 4w PRE-HOUSE OFFICER (Pre-Internship) ( w a log book that should be fulfilled To be qualified for the Exit exams) + Clinical or Community Project Design & Proposal Exam Leave Qualifying or Exit exam : Integrated Written Exam Integrated OSCE Exam To be held 2 times \ academic year: November, April Project submission & presentation Electives : The students study over the school years a specified number of elective courses in order to meet the requirements of academic standards which states ,in item 18, the importance of including elective courses that help to develop thinking skills, skills in scientific research and creation. In the first phase, the program includes a number of elective courses which form 8 credit points meanwhile; the second phase contains elective courses for 14 weeks, distributed over the semesters from the eighth to the tenth semester. The elective courses include courses in human sciences and general sciences like art and medical history, languages, information technology, etc. There are also courses in the basic medical & clinical sciences, so that the student can chose between both groups in a determined system that is announced to the students in the beginning of the academic year. The student is evaluated in elective courses as successful or failed by the scorecard or objective test and so as not to allow the student to move to the next stage without satisfying all required elective courses. CLAUSE ( 14) : Evaluation The Evaluation methods are divided into: 1)-The summative exams (80% of the total mark of the semester or the educational unit) and is divided into the following: 1. The written exams ( 50 % of total ) to be held at the end of the semester. It includes objective questions (multiple choice, extended matching, true , false), short essay questions and problem-solving questions. 2. The practical and clinical exams: 2-1 practical & clinical exams in the first phase (20%): In the form of objective structured practical & clinical exams O.S.P.E / multistation practical exam & OSCE 2-2 clinical exams in the second phase ( Clerckship ) : 25% distributed between the objective structural clinical exam OSCE & his grade is not less than 15% and the short case exam . 3. Assignments and Presentations 10 % in the first phase, 5 % in the second, using a prepared chick list. 2)- Mid-term and formative Exams ( 20 % of the total mark of the semester or educational unit ) Dates of exams: Examination is held annually in the following dates: The final exam for each semester is held in January, and June for the first phase (preclerckship phase), and in July for the second phase (clerkship Phase) of each year. The resit exam is in held in August of every year for those who failed or missed the exam. The student ,who failed in the resit exam, must apply for the special exam of the educational unit /the clinical training course in the next year according to the time chosen to hold the exam, such that he won't pass from the 1st to the 2nd stage unless he passed the exam in all the special education units of 1st stage A final inclusive integrated exam is held in the end of the last semester and it is in the form of : 1 – Objective structural clinical exam (OSCE) 2 – Objective written exam, in the form of problem solving questions. - A central committee for the final exam is constituted, with the consent of the Faculty Board and it is responsible for construction of questions and supervision of exam. - 450 points per semester are distributed on the exams and the project with the decision of the faculty council. - The educational courses of each educational unit should be finished in the determined time as it is considered as a prerequisite for the consequential educational unit in the following semester. Clause (15) Student success is estimated according to the following assessment: 1)-The score for each educational unit is calculated according to the European credit points system, assigned for these units as follows: The credit point = 15 marks. One week = 30 marks (for the second phase) 2)-The percentage of marks for each subject in the educational unit is determined according to the weighted percentage of the scientific content of this subject within the educational unit. 3)-The total marks for each basic scientific subject are determined by calculating the total marks that the student got for this subject along the 3 years of the phase. This should be equated, if necessary, to cope with the score agreed upon by the Supreme University Council. 4)-The mark of each clinical subject is determined according to the number of weeks in each clinical training period, This should be equated to cope with the score agreed upon by the Supreme University Council, if necessary. The Cumulative marks of the student will be also equated with the marks determined by Supreme University Council if needed. 5)-The marks of elective courses are not added to the total score. 6)-It is not permitted to add extra marks to improve the subject grades, either in the transfer from year to year or in the cumulative marks. Article (16): The student must attend the lessons and participate in practical exercises or research rooms with a minimum of 80%. The Faculty Council, in accordance with the provisions of the internal rules, will deprive the student to progress on the whole exam or in part of it, if he does not satisfy the prescribed percentage of attendance. Clause (17) A failed student is that who gets less than 60 % of the total score of any educational unit, or at least 50% of the written exams. Clause (18) The general grading of the students in the bachelor grade is calculated, based on the total marks they got in all educational years. Ranking of the students is done according to this total score. Clause ( 19 ) The student is offered an honor degree if his final grade is excellent or very good and his general grade in any individual educational year is very good at least. He should pass all the courses he had participated through the years. Clause ( 20 ) - The academic advisor is one of the staff members, chosen by the academic department for a number of students and he is responsible for advising and guiding the students throughout the program. - The students are divided into groups ( 15-20 students ) - Each group is assigned to an academic team, headed by a professor and assisted by an assistant professor, lecturer, consultant or assistant lecturer / a specialist, a resident doctor and a house officer. - It should be taken into consideration to make use of the capabilities and facilities of the educational hospitals and the medical organizations in Alexandria. Clause (21) International computer driving license (ICDL) The student should get ICDL License before the completion of his study in the Faculty of Medicine. This license is considered as a mandatory condition to get his bachelor degree. Clause (22) This regulation is applied to students of the bachelor program in addition to the new programs (International & French divisions) starting from the academic year 2009/ 2010. Coding curriculum-table, credit points and the distribution of marks Se m Course Code 1st (I) I. Introduc tion to Medical Studies: II. Nutritio n& Metaboli sm III. Introduc tion to Medical Sciences : 050101 IMSt Cre dit poi nts 6 Mar Se ks m 90 Course 2n Code I. Concepts of Health ( II and Disease ) 050102 CoHD d I. Infection & Immunit y: II. Nervous system & special senses Mar ks 120 050101 NM 10 150 II. Musculoske letal system 050102 MS 10 150 050101 IMSc 14 210 III. Blood, lymph & Immune system 050102 BLI 8 120 IV. Professional developmen t: 050102 PD I 4 60 30P 450 5 75 II. 050204 Cardiovascu CVS lar system 10 150 III. Respiratory system 10 150 30P 450 3rd (III) Cre dit poi nts 8 050203 InIm 10 150 050203 NSSS 14 210 4th I. (IV Epidemiolog ) y and biostatistics 050204 EB 050204 Resp Se m Course Code III. Student Selected Compon ent IV. Professio nal develop ment includin g Basics of psycholo gical develop ment and behavior 050203 SSC 050203 PD II Cre dit poi nts 2 Mar Se ks m Course Code P/F IV.Student Selected Component 050204 SSC 4 60 V. Professional developmen t including human rights 050204 PDIII 30P 420 5th (V) Cre dit poi nts 2 Mar ks 3.0 45 30P 420 P/F I‐ Endocri ne system II. Urinary System 050305 End 8 120 6th I.Gastrointe (VI stinal ) system 050306 GIT 14 210 050305 Urn 8 120 050306 PB 8 120 II.Repro ductive System 050305 Rep 10 150 050306 HCM 4 60 IV. Student Selected Compon ent 050305 SSC 2 P/F II. Pathobiolog y of selected systems: III. Health Care environmen t& Managemen t IV. Student Selected Component 050306 SSC 2 P/F Se m Course Code V. 050305 professio PD IV nal develop ment Cre dit poi nts 2 Mar Se ks m Course Code 30 V. Professional developmen t 050306 PD V 30P 42 0 7th I.Medici (VII ne I ) + Basic imaging + Laborato ry Medicine II.Surger yI + Anesthe sia Cre dit poi nts 2 Mar ks 30P 42 0 30 050407 Med I 8w (16 P) 240 8th I.Obs& Gyn ( I VI II) 050408 ObGyI 4w (8P) 120 050407 SurgI 8w (16 P) 240 II. Tropical Med + Clinical Parasito/Mi cro III.Pediatric sI 050408 Trop 4w (8P) 120 050408 ped I 4w (8P) 120 IV.Orthoped ics V.ELECTIV EI 050408 Orth 050408 ElecI 2w 60 (4P) 2w( P/F 4P) 16w 420 (32 P) I.Basic Ear, Nose& ( X Throat ) II.Urosurger y 050510 ENT 4w (8P) 120 050510 Uro 2w (4P) 60 050510 Elec III 2w (4P) P/F 32 P 480 9th I.Pediatr ( IX ics II ) 050509 pedII 4w (8P) 120 II.Electiv e 050509 Elec II 4w (8P) P/F III.Obs. Gyn II 050509 ObGyII 4w (8P) 120 10 th III.Elective Se m Course Code IV. 050509 Neurolog NeurPsy y &Psychi atry + Mental Health Care 11t h ( XI) I.Emerge ncy Med & Critical care II.Family Med Principle s& Revisitin g child health, materna l health, mental health III.Foren sic+ Clinical Toxicolo gy IV.ELEC TIVE 050611E merg Cre dit poi nts 4w (8P) Mar Se ks m 120 16 w (32 P) 360 4w (8P) 120 12 Course Code Mar ks 050510 Ophth Cre dit poi nts 4w (8P) IV.Basic Ophthalmol ogy V.Dermatolo gy 050510 Derm 2w (4P) 60 VI. Elective 050510 Elec IV 2w (4P) 16 W (32 P) P/F 050612 Surg II 6w (12 P) 180 II.Medicine II 050612 Med II 6w (12 P) 180 ( XI I) 4w (8P) 120 050611F orTox 4w (8P) 120 050611E lec IV 4w (8P) P/F 360 I.Surgery II th 050611 FM 120 Se m Course Code Cre dit poi nts 16 w (32 P) Mar Se ks m 360 13 th XI II) Course PREHOUSE OFFICER (PreInternship) Code Cre dit poi nts 12 w (24 P) Mar ks 360 16w 450 (32 P) Explanation of the Coding system: e.g 050101IMSt Faculty of medicine 05 Year 01-06 (01) Semester 01-12 (01) IMSt: Abbreviation of name of course: introduction to medical studies Preclerkship Basic sciences SSC Total basic sciences Professional development Total 1st 450 2nd 390 P/F 3rd 360 P/F 4th 375 P/F 5th 390 6th 390 P/F P/F Grand Total P/F= Pass/Fail 2355 2355 60 60 45 30 30 Total 450 450 420 420 420 420 Preclerkship Clerkship Clinical Electives Total clerkship Total clinical % 7th 480 8th 420 P/F 480 420 9th 360 P/F 360 10th 360 P/F 360 11th 360 P/F 360 225 2580 48% 12th prehouse 360 450 2790 P/F 360 2790 2790 52% 5370 Summary of total marks of subjects and stages The system for grading of the students: Two Systems are used to rank the students according to total score they obtain: I-European system ECTS: The students are divided into two main groups: successful and failure, and then divide each group as follows: 1 - Successful students are ranked descendingly according to the total and then divided into five grades: A: Students with the highest 10% of the totals B: students who constitute the following 25 %. C: students who constitute the following 35 % after the previous one. D: students who constitute the following 25% E: the last 10% of the successful students. 2 – Failed students: F: The highest 50% of the total failure. FX: The following 50% The benefit of this system is that it allows students to transfer to universities, which follows a system of ECTS or accepted for postgraduate studies in the same universities. II- The current system in the Egyptian faculties: Excellent: More than 85% Very good: from 75 to less than 85% Good: from 65 - to less than 75% Fair: 60 to less than 65% The European system ECTS can be changed into the current system using a statistical method, depending on the highest score which the first student gets in the same year.