What is in the OBC SB-10 Update?
Ontario Gets Serious about Energy Use in New Buildings
1
What is in the OBC
SB-10 Update?
Ontario Gets Serious about Energy Use
in New Buildings
Steve Kemp
P.Eng., M.A.Sc., B.Sc., B.Eng.
2
Introduction
OBC Introduced SB-10 in 2007
Prescribed minimum energy performance



MNECB + ASHRAE 90.1-2004
Update published in July 2011, effective Jan 2012
Update is implementation of ASHRAE 90.1-2010 +
ASHRAE 189.1-2009 envelope values
Three methods of compliance






Performance
Prescriptive + envelope trade-off
Prescriptive
Today will focus on prescriptive path

3
Agenda
What does the code say
SB-10 Division 3



Enclosures requirements



Common constructions that may no longer be compliant
How to “fix” them
Mechanical/Electrical requirements
SB-10 Division 4: Part 9 Non-Residential



Enclosure requirements
Mechanical/Electrical requirements
Compliance paths
Closing remarks


4
Documents involved in the Code
OBC 2006
Supplementary Standard
SB-10, July 1, 2010 Update




5
http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/P
age9528.aspx
http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/A
ssetFactory.aspx?did=9227
Documents involved in the Code
ASHRAE 90.1-2010
(and User’s Manual)
ASHRAE 189.1-2009
(and User’s Manual)



6
http://www.techstreet.com/
ashraegate.html

Documents involved in the Code
MNECB 1997


http://www.nrccnrc.gc.ca/eng/ibp/irc/codes
/97-energy-codebuildings.html
FYI: NECB-2011 is now
published (not currently a
part of OBC)

7
SB-10 July 2011 Division 1: General
Energy Efficiency after December 31, 2011


Division 3: All buildings to conform to of SB-10 July 2011 update


Except when within the scope of Division B Part 9 then,

Division 4 of SB 10:

if the building is within the scope of Part 9 Div B of the OBC and,
does not contain a residential occupancy, and
does not use electric space heating, and,
is intended for occupancy on a continuing basis during the winter months

i.e. most Non-Residential Part 9 buildings



8
i.e. all non Part 9 buildings
SB-10 Division 3
1.1.2 Energy Efficiency


Three paths to demonstrate performance

Building shall use




Exceptions






9
25% less energy than MNECB – Energy Modeling
5 % less energy than ASHRAE 90.1-2010 – Energy Modeling
Not exceed ASHRAE 90.1-2010 and Chapter 2 (which replaces the 90.1enclosure
performance values) – Energy Modeling or Prescriptive
Heritage buildings
Any building space which uses less than 12 W/m² peak energy
Temporary structures
Warehouses and storage rooms with design temperature under 10°C
Primarily intended for manufacturing processing, commercial processing or
industrial processing
And other exceptions…
SB-10 Div 3: Examples of Exemptions
10
OBC Compliance Paths
Today’s
Focus
OBC Compliance
90.1 Prescriptive +
Chapter 2
90.1-2010
+ Chapter 2
90.1 + Chapter 2
Mandatories
25% Less than
MNECB
MNECB Mandatories
Energy Modeling
against MNECB
prescriptive
90.1 Mandatories
Energy modeling
against 90.1
prescriptive
5% Less than 90.1
2010
11
Energy modeling
against 90.1 +
Chapter 2
prescriptive
Today’s Presentation of Materials for
Division 3




Largely will follow 90.12010 organization
Will note SB-10 revisions
(hint mostly in envelope)
Today’s emphasis is on
envelope
Some attention paid to
mechanical / electrical
12
ASHRAE 90.1-2010 / SB-10 Prescriptive
Path

Outlines minimum performance parameters for:

Wall, Roofs, Windows elements etc.










13
Prescriptive and performance paths for insulation
Weighted U-value allowed for some trade-offs within element type
Envelope Trade-off calculations required for trade-offs across element
types
Maximum fenestration-to-wall ratio 40%
Installed lighting power density
Receptacle requirements
Labeling (insulation, fenestration)
HVAC plant minimum performance requirements (boilers, chillers)
HVAC distribution performance requirements (fans, pumps)
etc
Division 3 Chapter 2


Enforces ASHRAE 90.1 2010 as minimum energy code for
OBC
Provides revisions to 90.1-2010








14
Section 1 “Purpose”
Section 2 “Scope”
Section 3 “Definitions”
Section 4 “Administration and Enforcement”
Section 5 “Building Envelope”
Section 6 “HVAC”
Section 7 “Service Hot Water”
Section 10 “Other Equipment” (electric motors)
90.1-2010 Section 1

Purpose:

To establish minimum energy
efficiency requirements of
buildings other than low-rise
residential

Note: ASHRAE is rebranding,
not just HVAC&R anymore
15
90.1 Adoption as Building Code


Most widely adopted building energy standard in North
America
British Columbia


Vancouver


90.1-2004
90.1-2007
Ontario

16
90.1-2010 +
189.1-2009
envelope
90.1 History of Energy Improvements
17
Energy Use of All Buildings – By Age of Construction
Zero energy buildings by
year 3300
Total Energy Intensity (ekWh/m²)
500
400
300
200
100
0
Before 1920
1920-1959
1960-1969
1970-1979
1980-1989
Year building was contructed
1990-1999
2000-2004
Ref: Commercial and Institutional Building Energy Use, NRCAN 2005
18
90.1-2010 Section 2

Scope

Establishes Energy Efficiency requirements for:



New Buildings and their systems
New portions of buildings and their systems
New systems and equipment in existing buildings!




New equipment or building systems specifically identified in the standard
that are a part of industrial or manufacturing processes
Establishes Criteria for identifying compliance!


OBC largely silent regarding details of this, look to your local code
official! – more on this in end of session discussion
Does not apply to:

Single family homes, multi family buildings under 3 stories, manufactures
homes, or buildings that do not connect to utilities

19
SB-10 does not enforce any requirement for existing buildings
Part 11 currently does not enforce any energy requirements for renovations
Note: non-grid connected buildings have other reasons to greatly exceed this
code!
90.1-2010 Section 3

Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms

OK sounds boring… BUT












How to interpret RATED R-VALUE
How to interpret SPANDREL
How to interpret METAL ROOF
How to interpret ADOPTING AUTHORITY
How to interpret BASELINE BUILDING DESIGN
How to interpret ATTIC ROOF
How to interpret SKYLIGHT
How to interpret FENESTRATION AREA
How to interpret F-FACTOR, U-FACTOR, C-FACTOR
How to interpret CONTINUOUS INSULATION!
AND LOTS OF OTHER STUFF!
Read this section! (hint spandrel, U-factor, Continuous
Insulation)

20
FYI: Spandrel sucks!
90.1-2010 Section 4

Administration and Enforcement



21
Interpretations, claims of exemption and rights of appear are
specified by the authority having jurisdiction
Conflict with other laws, codes etc, to be determined by
authority having jurisdiction
Normative Appendices are considered a part of the standard
90.1 Section 5


90.1 Requirements
SB-10 Revisions
22
90.1 – Air Barriers / Vestibules

5.4.3.1 Continuous Air Barrier



Clearly identified or otherwise
noted on construction
documents for each assembly
The joints, interconnections and
penetrations shall be detailed
or otherwise noted
5.4.3.1.A. Air Barrier Materials,
Assemblies and Systems

23
(1) The air barrier materials,
assemblies and systems that are
in conformance with Part 5 of
Division B of the Building Code
shall be deemed to be in
compliance with Sentence
5.4.3.1.3 and Sentence 5.4.3.2.

5.4.3.4 Shall have vestibules,
exceptions:





Building entrances with
revolving doors
Doors not intended to be a
building entrance
Doors opening directly from a
dwelling unit
Building is less than 90 m²
Doors separate from the
building entrance that open
unto a space under 280 m²
Division 3 Chapter 2 Revision

Mandatories insulation details introduced from MNECB
1997
24
Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Slab
Insulation

5.5.3.5.1 Slabs. Insulation
continuity shall be
maintained in the design
of slab edge insulation
systems. Continuity shall
be maintained from the
wall insulation through the
slab/wall/footing
intersection to the body
of the slab edge insulation.
Several representative
configurations are
illustrated in Figure 5-1
25
Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Insulation
Continuity

5.5.3.5.2 Where insulative
continuity is impossible
because of structural
constraints, a minimum
overlapping of insulation is
acceptable. The insulation
must overlap by a distance
equal to (or greater than)
four times the minimum
insulation separation, as
shown in Figure 5-2.
26
Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Thermal
Bridging

5.5.3.7 For the purposes of Section 5,
the effects of thermal bridging are
waived for:


27
intermediate structural connections of
continuous steel shelf angles (or similar
structural element) used to support the
building facade provided there is a
thermal break between the remaining
contact surface of the supporting
element and the building structure. This
provision is intended to substantially
reduce thermal bridging effects caused
by the continuous bearing between
structural elements supporting building
facade and the building frame (ie. steel
shelf angle attached to perimeter floor
slab to support brick veneer), or
structural connections of load bearing
elements where a thermal break cannot
be achieved
Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Thermal
Bridging

5.5.3.8 In addition to the exceptions
permitted above, the effects of
thermal bridging are also waived for:
a)
28
exposed structural projections of
buildings where the total crosssectional area of the exposed
element does not exceed 2% of the
exterior building envelope area and
the cross-sectional area of the
exposed structural element is
measured where it penetrates the
insulation component of the building
envelope. (For example, if the total
cross-sectional area of cantilevered
concrete balconies and other
projections penetrating the insulation
component of the building envelope
does not exceed 2% of the exterior
building envelope area, their thermal
bridging effects need not be taken
into account)
Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Thermal
Bridging

Cont’d 5.5.3.8 In addition to
the exceptions permitted
above, the effects of thermal
bridging are also waived for:
b)
c)
d)
29
ties in masonry construction,
flashing, and
top exposed portion of
foundation walls provided the
exposure does not exceed
200 mm measured from the
top of the foundation wall to
the top of exterior wall
insulation which meets the
minimum insulation RSI-Value
for wall below grade
stipulated in the appropriate
Tables. (See Figure 5-3)
90.1 Section 5 Building Envelope
Climate Definitions


Many prescriptive
requirements depend on
climate
ASHRAE Climate Zones:


1 thru 8
Modifier (HVAC):




Ontario climates are:

30
A – Moist
B – Dry
C – Marine
5 thru 7 all A – moist
90.1 Section 5 Building Envelope
Climate Definitions (SB-10 revision highlight)

If space is electrically heated, then ALWAYS use Zone 7
31
90.1 Chapter 5 Building Envelope
Climate Requirements (SB-10 revision highlight)

Climate Zone 5:






Brantford
Mississauga
Hamilton
Sarnia
Windsor
Climate Zone 6:




32
Kitchener/Waterloo
Toronto
Kingston
Ottawa

Climate Zone 7:





Cochrane
North Bay
Sudbury
Thunder Bay
Northern Ontario!
90.1 Chapter 5
Space Conditioning Categories


90.1 Section 5.5
Comply with Tables
(SB5.5-5 thru -7)


Minimum RATED R-values
of insulation
Maximum U-Factor, CFactor or F-Factor


Appendix A tables
Appendix A9 calculations

33
2-D calculations (e.g. Therm)
90.1 Chapter 5 How to Use Envelope Tables

Determine envelope
category

Roof







Mass
Metal Building
Steel-framed
Wood-framed & other
Etc.
Determine space
conditioning category

Insulation above deck
Metal Building
Attic & other
Walls above grade






Determine Climate Zone


5, 6 or 7
Today’s examples will be:


34
Non-Residential
Residential
Semi-heated
Climate Zone 6
Non-Residential
90.1 Chapter 5 – Roof Requirements (SB-10
revisions)

Roofs: Metal Building: a roof that:



35
is constructed with a metal, structural, weathering surface
has no ventilated cavity, and
has the insulation entirely below “deck”
90.1 Chapter 5 – Roof Requirements (SB-10
revisions)
ci (continuous insulation): Insulation that is continuous across all structural
members without thermal bridges other than fasteners and service openings. It is
installed on the interior or exterior or is integral to any opaque surface of the
building envelope
36
ASHRAE Appendix A Assembly U-Factors
for Roofs with Insulation Above Deck
37
ASHRAE Appendix A Assembly U-Factors
for Metal Roofs
38
ASHRAE Appendix A Assembly U-Factors
for Wood Joists, Single Rafter Roof
39
ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix A
Roof Assembly U-Factors

Available Tables:





40
A2.2
A2.3
A2.4
A2.4.2
A2.5
Roofs with Insulation Entirely Above Deck
Metal Building Roofs
Attic Roofs with Wood Joists
Single Rafter Roofs
Attic Roofs with Steel Joists
90.1 Section 5 – Above Grade Wall
Requirements (SB-10 revisions)

Steel Framed Wall: Includes curtain-wall / window-wall
spandrel panel
41
42
ASHRAE Appendix A Above-Grade Concrete
Walls & Masonry Walls
No Listed Concrete
or Masonry wall with
continuous metal
framing can meet
code.
43
ASHRAE Appendix A Above-Grade Concrete
Walls & Masonry Walls
44
ASHRAE Appendix A Above-Grade Concrete
Walls & Masonry Walls
45
ASHRAE Appendix A Metal Building Walls
46
ASHRAE Appendix A Steel-Frame Walls
47
ASHRAE Appendix A Wall Assembly UFactors

Available Tables:

A3.1A






48
Above-Grade Concrete Walls and Masonry Walls
A3.1B U-Factors, C-Factors, Ru, Rc and HC for Concrete
A3.1C U-Factors, C-Factors, Ru, Rc and HC for Concrete
Block Walls
A3.1D Effective R-Values for Insulation/Framing Layers
Added to Above/Below Grade Mass Wall
A3.2
A3.3
A3.4
Metal Building Walls
Steel-Frame Walls
Wood-Frame Walls
Metal Cladding with Z-Girts





49
13 mm drywall
102 mm steel stud @ 400
mm oc
13 mm exterior sheathing
102 mm z-girt @
600 mm oc with semirigid
Metal siding
Metal Cladding with Z-Girts
Nominal R-15
Actual R-8.6
50
OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Assembly:
U-0.116 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Metal Cladding with Orthogonal Z-Girts and
Spray Foam






51
13 mm drywall
102 mm steel stud @ 400
mm oc
13 mm exterior sheathing
51 mm z-girt @
600 mm oc with spray
foam
51 mm z-girt @
600 mm oc with spray
foam
Metal siding
Metal Cladding with X Z-Girts and Spray
Foam
Nominal R-24
Actual R-21
52
OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Assembly:
U-0.048 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Spandrel ??
Nominal R-14
Actual R-4.0
53
OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Assembly:
U-0.250 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Spandrel will be challenging (condensation?)
With 1” XPS interior insulation
Nominal
R-19
Actual
R-9.1
OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Assembly:
U-0.11 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
With 2” XPS interior insulation
Nominal
R-24
Actual
R-14.2
OBC Requirement: U-0.055 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
Assembly:
U-0.070 BTU/hr-ft²-°F
54
Spandrel – 3D Results
(ASHRAE RP-1365 by Morrison Hershfield)
55
Spandrel – 3D Results
(ASHRAE RP-1365 by Morrison Hershfield)
56
90.1 Section 5 – Below Grade and Floor
Requirements (SB-10 revisions)
57
ASHRAE Appendix A Slab on Grade Floors
58
90.1 Section 5 – Maximum Fenestration
Area

5.5.4.2.1 Vertical
Fenestration Area

59
The total vertical
fenestration area shall be
less than 40% of the gross
wall area
Perhaps this is the reason why?
R3
R2
Modern
R4
Old
60
Glass and the Walls they’re in…
- John Straube
61
Windows in the Whole Building Daylighting

Study by: Athanassios
Tzempelikos
(Concordia)

35% Fenestration to
Wall ratio yields 90% of
the daylight as 100%
FWR
Courtesy: Athanassios Tzempelikos
62
Windows in the Whole Building - Energy
Curtainwall – Vancouver City Library
63

LBNL Building Design
Advisor
And that’s just the recent information!

R. Sullivan, E.S. Lee, S.
Selkowitz, LBNL


64
“A Method of Optimizing
Solar Control and
Daylighting Performance in
Commercial Office
Buildings”
September 1992
Further back in history…

Johnson C A. Besant R W.,
Schoenau G J., University
of Saskatchewan

65
“Economic preferred
window orientation and
optimum fenestration
design of a non-daylit and
daylit large office building
for different climatic
conditions and different
billing structures” - 1986


Best LCC (not energy) in
Saskatoon…

No Windows!

No low-e or Argon back
then
Other locals

10-15% FWR
90.1 Section 5 – Fenestration Requirements
(SB-10 revisions)
66
Window heat loss




Flanking (and
installation)
Frame
Edge of Glass
Centre of Glass
67
Curtain Wall Plan View
glazing
system
U-value
90.1 Section 5 – Determining Fenestration
Performance

5.8.2 Vertical Fenestration U-Factors & SHGC shall be
determined in accordance with:



68
Standard NRFC 100 or
CSA-A440.2 or
90.1-2010 Table A8.2 – not recommended!
90.1 Section 5 – Determining Fenestration
Performance
69
90.1 Section 5 – Determining Fenestration
Performance

FramePlus Online for
project estimating

Need supplier CSA/NFRC
rating for code compliance

http://tools.enermodal.com
/webframeplus

http://cmast.nfrc.org
70
FramePlus Online Curtain-Wall
Performance
Curtain Wall System U-values [BTU/ft²-hr-°F]
0.50
Fenestration System U-value
0.45
0.40
Climate Zone 5 & 6
0.35
0.30
Climate Zone 7
0.25
0.20
Dbl SB60 Argon
0.15
Tpl SB60 Argon
0.10
0.05
0.00
0
71
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Curtain Wall Frame Thermal Break Size in mm
16
18
20
FramePlus Online Punched Alum Window
Performance
Punched Aluminum Window U-values [BTU/ft²-hr-°F]
0.50
Climate Zone 5 & 6
Fenestration System U-value
0.45
0.40
Climate Zone 7
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
Dbl SB60 Argon
0.15
Tpl SB60 Argon
0.10
0.05
0.00
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Aluminum Frame Thermal Break Size in mm
72
16
18
20
FramePlus Online Casement/Awning Alum
Window Performance
Casement/Awning Aluminum Window U-values [BTU/ft²-hr-°F]
Fenestration System U-value
0.60
0.50
Climate Zone 5 & 6
0.40
Climate Zone 7
0.30
Dbl SB60 Argon
0.20
Tpl SB60 Argon
0.10
0.00
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Aluminum Frame Thermal Break Size in mm
73
8
9
10
90.1 Section 5 Limits of Prescriptive
Compliance

Prescriptive Compliance with 90.1-2010/SB-10

Prescriptive Building Envelope Option, provided that,



74
the vertical fenestration area is 40% or less of gross wall area for each
space-conditioning category and
the skylight fenestration area 5% or less of gross roof area for each
space-conditioning category
U/C/F-Factor area weighted trade-off
90.1 Section 5 Minimum Skylight Area

5.5.4.2.3 Minimum Skylight Fenestration Area for Climate Zone 5!


1% to 3% of roof area (read for details)
For spaces with





Exemptions for:



75
In building four stories or less
roof height of 4.6 m or greater and
Floor area of 465 m² or greater
Of type: office, lobby, atrium, concourse, corridor, non-refrigerated warehouse or
storage, gymnasium, convention center, automotive service, manufacturing, retail,
distribution/sorting area, transportation or workshop
General lighting power less than 5.4 W/m²
Site conditions and/or architectural features would block skylight (read for details)
Skylight area can be reduced to account for sidelight
90.1 Section 5 SHGC of Vertical
Fenestration

5.5.4.4.1 SHGC of Vertical Fenestration



Comply with Tables SB5.5-5 thru -7 (maximum SHGC)
Modifier allowed for permanent architectural features that
shade window
Exceptions for street side fenestration (read for details):


76
provided street-level story 6 m high or less and
has a continuous overhang
90.1 Section 5 Fenestration Orientation

5.5.4.5 Fenestration Orientation

“South” Fenestration Area must greater or equal to “west” and
“east”


Exceptions for nearly any site restrictions


77
As ≥ Aw and As ≥ Ae
Topography, adjacent structures within 6 meters
Exceptions for 5.5.4.4.1 (street side fenestration)
90.1 Section 5 Labeling

5.8.2 Labeling of Fenestration and Doors


All products shall have a permanent nameplate installed by the
manufacturer OR
Signed and Dated certification from manufacturer



Or use Appendix A values for Door, Windows

78
U-factor, SHGC,VT, air leakage rate
NRFC / CSA evaluation for performance values
Remember vertical fenestration table!
90.1 Section 5 Envelope Trade-Offs within
Prescriptive Path – Area Weighted

Area weighted U / C / F factors within



Class of construction and
Space conditioning category
Can trade off:

Steel Framed / Non-Residential Walls with


Attic / Non-Residential Roof with


Attic / Non-Residential Roof
Metal Framing Vertical Fenestration Residential with

79
Steel Framed / Non-Residential Walls
Metal Framing Vertical Fenestration Residential
Complying with Prescriptive Envelope: Area
Weighted U-Factor
Gross Walls
W1 Spandrel
W2 Steel Frame
Window
15,020
4,735
4,735
5,550
U-Factor
31.5%
0.154
31.5% 0.055
37.0%
Uavg
0.104
Ravg
9.576
Reff
6.5
18.2
Gross Walls
W1 Spandrel
W2 Steel Frame
Window
15,020
4,735
4,735
5,550
U-Factor
0.154
31.5%
31.5%
0
37.0%
Uavg
0.077
Ravg 13.000
Reff
6.5
Infinite!
Gross Walls
W1 Spandrel
W2 Steel Frame
Window
15,020
2,368
7,103
5,550
U-Factor
15.7%
0.154
47.3%
0.022
37.0%
Uavg
0.055
Ravg 18.195
Reff
6.5
45.5
U-Factor Target for Steel Frames Walls: 0.055
80
Envelope Trade-Offs within Prescriptive
Path – Building Envelope Trade-off

90.1 Section 5.6

comply with:





5.1General
5.4 Mandatories
5.7 Submittals
5.8 Product information and
installation requirements
the envelope performance factor
is less than or equal to budget
building

Appendix C calculations


Software Tool: ENVSTD

81
Do not try this at home!
OBC version being developed
ENVSTD Software (Version 4.0 Shown)


OBC Version being developed
Exceeding 50-60% fenestration will still be a challenge
with only envelope trade-offs
82
Building Envelope Compliance Summary
FWR
Prescriptive
Weighted
U-Value /
SHGC
Envelope
Trade-Off
Whole
Building
Energy Model
≤40%
≤40%
≤40% in baseline
≤40% in baseline
Compared to
Tables SB5.5-5
thru -7
Compared to
Tables SB5.5-5
thru -7 and
HVAC / Electrical
prescriptive
targets
Fenestration
Tables SB5.5-5
thru -7
Walls
Roof
84
and within same
Tables SB5.5-5
thru -7
assembly type
and
conditioned
space
90.1 Section 6:


90.1 Requirements
SB-10 Revisions

85
Mostly just Canadian
Standards
HVAC Section 6 Heating/Cooling
Peformance

Mandatory


86
Minimum
Equipment
Efficiencies Tables
6.8.1 A-K
Equipment not
regulated by
NAECA shall have
permanent label
stating compliance
with 90.1
Equipment
Air Conditioners
Heat Pumps
Minimum Efficiency
COP 3.2 – 3.8
COPc >3.2
COPh > 2.2
Chillers
Air Cooled COP IPLV > 3.6
Reciprocating COP IPLV > 5.6
Centrifugal COP IPLV > 5.9
Furnaces
> 78% AFUE or
> 80% thermal efficiency
Boilers
Heat Rejection
under 88 kW / 300 MBH 80%
Over 733 kW / 2500 MBH 82%
Axial Fan Open-circuit >3.23 L/(s-kW)
Centrifugal Fan Open-circuit >1.7 L/(s-kW)
Axial Fan Closed-circuit >1.7 L/(s-kW)
Centrifugal Fan Closed-circuit 0.59 L/(s-kW)
90.1 Section 6 HVAC Controls


6.4.3.1.2/6.4.3.3.2 Thermostats must be capable of 3°C dead
band and setback (some exceptions)
6.4.3.9 Ventilation Controls for spaces with high occupancy

Demand Control Ventilation required for (some exceptions):



Spaces > 50 m² and
Occupancy > 40 occ / 100m²
6.4.2.10 Single Zone Equipment

Air handling and fan-coil units using chiller water with greater than 4
kW (5.4 hp) fan motors


Air handing equipment and air-conditioner with DX cooling greater
then 32 kW (9 tons)

87
Must have variable speed controls
Must have 2-speed or variable speed fans
90.1 Section 6 – Free Cooling Economizers

6.5.1 Have either a air-side or water side economizer, unless








88
Less than 16 kW / 4.5 tons cooling or 40 kW / 11 tons in computer
rooms
Hospitals and ambulatory surgery center with humidification (note
computer rooms humidification need not apply)
System includes condenser heat recovery that meets minimum loads
Residential systems where the space capacity is less than 3.2 kW /
0.9 ton
Operates less than 20 hours per week
Space is very leaky (infiltration)
Use of outdoor air for cooling will affect supermarket open
refrigerated casework
Otherwise if humidifying (above 2°C dew point) and system uses
hydronic cooling, use water side economizer
90.1 Section 6 Humidity Control

6.5.2.3 Dehumidification

Controls shall prevent reheating, unless



System is capable of reducing total supply air by 50% or to the
minimum ventilation rate (i.e. most any VAV system)
Systems serving areas with humidity controls to satisfy process needs
(e.g. vivariums, museums, surgical suites, supermarkets) computer
rooms excluded
6.5.2.4 Humidification

89
If humidification above 2°C dew point and system uses
hydronic cooling, use water side economizer not an air side
90.1 Section 6 Fan Power – Option 1:
Maximum Nameplate Fan Motor Power
45
60
40
Constant Volume
35
50
Variable Volume
30
40
25
30
20
15
20
10
10
5
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
design maximum supply airflow rate to conditioned spaces serve by the system in litres per
second
90
0
20000
the maximum combined motor
nameplate hp
the maximum combined motor namplate kW
50
90.1 Section 6 Fan Power – Option 2:
Maximum Input Fan Motor Power
80
45
70
40
90.1-2010 Constant Volume with 70% ERV
35
60
90.1-2010 Variable Volume with 70% ERV
50
30
25
40
20
30
15
20
10
10
5
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
design maximum supply airflow rate to conditioned spaces serve by the system in litres per second
91
0
20000
the maximum combined motor input at design
conditions, hp
the maximum combined motor inpout at design
conidtions, kW
50
90.1 Section 6 – Variable Fan Control

6.5.3.2.1 All Fan motors > 7.4 kW / 10 hp shall have one of:




Variable speed drive
Variable pitch blades (axial fans)
Other controls capable of achieving 30% energy consumption at 50%
design flow
6.5.3.2.2 Static Pressure Sensor Location

Shall be placed such that the controller setpoint is no greater than
1/3 of the design total fan static pressure


If this results in the sensor being located downstream of major duct splits,
multiple sensors shall be installed
6.5.3.3 VAV system with DDC Controls

Shall reduce O/A rates in response to changes to system ventilation
effectiveness, unless


92
Exhaust air heat recovery is installed
Total design exhaust is more than 70% of total design outdoor air
90.1 Section 6 – Hydronic System

6.5.4.1 Systems having a total pump system power greater
than 7.5 kW / 10 hp shall be variable speed


Differential pressure transducer located where greatest
pressure difference will occur
6.5.4.3 Hot or Cold Water systems that exceed 88 kW
(300 MBH or 25 tons) shall have supply temperature
reset, except


93
If required to have variable speed pumping
Where reset causes improper operation
90.1 Section 6 – Exhaust Air Heat Recovery


50% energy recovery
required for most multizone systems
Exempt if



94
the largest single source of
exhaust is less than 75% of
O/A rate
More than 60% of outdoor
air heating from site solar
or site recovered energy
Operates less than
20 hr/week
% Outdoor Air at
Full Design
Airflow Rate
Design Supply Air
Flow Rate
≥ 30% and < 40%
> 2596 L/s
> 5500
CFM
≥ 40% and < 50%
> 2124 L/s
> 4500
CFM
≥ 50% and < 60%
> 1652 L/s
> 3500
CFM
≥ 60% and < 70%
> 944 L/s
> 2000
CFM
≥ 70% and < 80%
> 472 L/s
> 1000
CFM
>0
>0
> 80%
90.1 Section 6 Service Hot Water Heat
Recovery

6.5.6.2 Condenser heat recovery for preheating/heating SHW shall
be installed if all the following are true:





Condenser heat recovery must either:



Facility operates 24 hours / day
Total installed heat rejection capacity of water cooled systems exceed
1800 kW (6150 MBH) ~ 600 tons
The design SWH load exceeds 300 kW (1025 MBH)
Hospitals and some large MURBs meet these requirements
Supply 60% of peak SHW load
Preheat peak service hot water draw to 29°C
Exempt if:


95
Condenser heat recovery is already employed for space heating
Facilities supply 60% of DHW heating from site-solar or other siterecovered heat recovery
90.1 Section 7


90.1 Requirements
SB-10 Revisions


Canadian Standards
7.4.5.2 Heated exterior
public pools and public spas
shall be equipped with a
pool cover

96
Unless 60% of their annual
heating from site-recovered
or solar sources
90.1 Section 8

8.4.2 Automatic Receptacle
Control


For private offices, open office
and computer classrooms
50% of receptacles shall have
either




97
Occupancy sensors
On a schedule to turn off
during unoccupied hours
Any other means to ensure
power is turned off during
unoccupied hours
Exceptions where it can be
shown that equipment needs
to be on continuously
90.1 Section 9

Occupant sensor or timer switch
shall be used in:









Classrooms and lecture halls
Conference, meeting and training
rooms
Employee lunch and break rooms
Storage and supply rooms (15 to 305
m²)
Rooms used for document copying and
printing
Office spaces up to 76 m²
Restrooms
Dressing, locker and fitting rooms
Exception for space




98
With multi-scene control
Shop and laboratory classrooms
where automatic lights would endanger
safety or security
24-hour operation spaces
90.1 Section 9 Lighting Power Density
Table 9.5.1
LPD using Building Area Method
Building Area Type
Automotive facility
Convention centre
Courthouse
Dining: bar lounge/leisure
Dining: cafeteria/fast food
Dining: family
Dormitory
Exercise centre
Fire station
Gymnasium
Health-care clinic
Hospital
Hotel
Library
Manufacturing facility
Motel
99
ASHRAE 90.1
2007
2010
W/m2
W/m2
10
8.8
13
11.6
13
11.3
14
10.7
15
9.7
17
9.6
11
6.6
11
9.5
N/A
7.6
12
10.8
11
9.4
13
13
11
10.8
14
12.7
14
11.9
11
9.5
Reduction
12%
11%
13%
24%
35%
44%
40%
14%
N/A
10%
15%
0%
2%
9%
15%
14%
Table 9.5.1
LPD using Building Area
Method
Building Area Type
Motion picture theatre
Multifamily
Museum
Office
Parking garage
Penitentiary
Performing arts theatre
Police/fire station
Post office
Religious builidng
Retail
School/university
Sports arena
Town hall
Transportation
Warehouse
Workshop
100
ASHRAE 90.1
2007
W/m2
13
8
12
11
3
11
17
11
12
14
16
13
12
12
11
9
15
2010 Reduction
W/m2
8.9
32%
6.5
19%
11.4
5%
9.7
12%
2.7
10%
10.4
5%
15
12%
10.3
6%
9.4
22%
11.3
19%
15.1
6%
10.7
18%
8.4
30%
9.9
18%
8.3
25%
7.1
21%
2.9
81%
Average
reduction
in LPD
19%
What about Division 4?

Division 4 of SB 10:





101
if the building is within the scope of Part 9 Div B of the OBC
and,
does not contain a residential occupancy, and
does not use electric space heating, and,
is intended for occupancy on a continuing basis during the
winter months
i.e. most Non-Residential Part 9 buildings
Division 4 Building Envelope

Largely the same as the SB5-5 Tables of Division 3


Fewer climate zone, space categories, envelope types
If Vertical fenestration gross area exceeds 40% or
Skylights exceed 5%

102
Use Division 3 paths (including trade-offs and energy modeling)
SB-10 Division 4 – Building Envelope
Requirements
103
SB-10 Division 4 – HVAC Requirements

Multi-zone systems


Revert to Division 3 (90.1-2010 + SB10 Revisions)
Single-zone systems

Use Division 3 90.1-2010 equipment performance values

Plus details on next slide…. (largely reminiscent of 90.1-2010)
104
SB-10 Division 4 Single Zone HVAC Details

(4) An air-conditioning system with a cooling
capacity of 40 kW or more shall have an
economizer,






(a) controlled by appropriate high limit shut-off
control, and
(b) equipped with either barometric or powered
relief sized to prevent excess pressurization of
the building.
105



(a) more than 1 400 L/s, and
(b) more than 70% of the supply air quantity of
the system.
(7) Where a heat recovery ventilator is installed,
the system shall have provisions to bypass or
control the heat recovery ventilator to permit
operation of the air economizer.
(8) A heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
system shall be controlled by a manual
changeover or dual setpoint thermostat.
(9) Except for a system requiring continuous
operation, a heating, ventilating and airconditioning system that has a cooling or heating
capacity greater than 4.4 kW and a supply fan
motor rated for more than 0.5 kW shall be
provided with a time clock that,

(5) Outdoor air dampers for economizer use
shall be provided with blade and jamb seals.
(6) A heat recovery ventilator with a recovery
effectiveness of 50% or more at the outside
winter design temperature shall be provided
where the quantity of the outdoor air supplied to
the air duct distribution system is,






(a) is capable of starting and stopping the system
under different schedules for seven different daytypes per week,
(b) is capable of retaining programming and time
setting during a loss of power for a period of 10
hours or more,
(c) includes an accessible manual override that
allows temporary operation of the system for up
to two hours,
(d) is capable of temperature setback down to
13°C during off-hours, and
(e) is capable of temperature setup to 32°C
during off-hours.
(10) Where separate heating and cooling
equipment serves the same temperature zone,
thermostats shall be interlocked to prevent
simultaneous heating and cooling.
(11) A heating, ventilating and air-conditioning
system with a design supply air capacity greater
than 5000 L/s shall have optimum start controls.
SB-10 Division 4 – Lighting Requirements

Largely taken from 90.1-2010
106
Compliance Paths

Prescriptive

Pure Prescriptive



U-Value trade-off


107
Trade off better performing windows/walls/roof with lessor
performing
Envelope Trade-Off (for > 40% FWR)


FWR 40% or less
Meet all envelope, HVAC, lighting requirement
Requires ENVSTD software, 50-60% FWR is likely limit
PERFORMANCE PATHS
Performance Path: 25% Less than MNECB

Requires energy modeling


Same baseline as LEED Canada 1.x
Similar baseline as LEED Canada 2009



EE4-ecoEnergy



LEED requires 23% energy cost savings
OBC required 25% energy (GJ) savings
Energy modeling software tool
Automatically creates baseline building to MNECB rules
Use energy modeling as part of design process

108
Otherwise potentially a surprise ending!
Performance Path: 25% Less than MNECB



Design must comply with
MNECB mandatory
requirements
Reference complies with
prescriptive requirements
of MNECB
Overall building energy
consumption


109
proposed design vs.
reference design
regulated loads only
Performance Path: 5% Less than 90.1-2010

Requires energy modeling

Uses 90.1 Energy Cost Budget Method (ECBM)



LEED Canada 1.0 requires 18% less than 90.1-1999 ECBM
LEED Canada 2009 requires 10% less than 90.1-2004 using
Appendix G
Energy Modeling Software tools

Meet the requirements of 90.1 section 11.2





Hourly tool, can model thermal mass, part load performance, etc.
Tested against ASHRAE 140 standard
EE4, eQuest, Trane-trace, HAP, IES, ESP-r
Currently no tool creates 90.1-2010 reference case automatically!!
Use energy modeling as part of design process

110
Otherwise potentially a surprise ending!
Performance Path: 5% Less than 90.1-2010



Design must comply with
ASHRAE mandatory
requirements
Reference complies with
prescriptive requirements
of ASHRAE 90.1-2010
Whole building energy
consumption


111
proposed design vs.
reference design
regulated loads only
Performance Path:
No more than 90.1-2010 & Chapter 2




Design must comply with
ASHRAE mandatory
requirements
Design must comply with
Chapter 2 mandatory
requirements
Reference complies with
prescriptive requirements of
ASHRAE 90.1-2010 &
Chapter 2
Whole building energy
consumption


112
proposed design vs. reference
design
regulated loads only
90.1 Performance Paths

Utilizes Chapter 11 of
90.1-2010


113
Energy Cost Budget
Method
Energy modeling rules are
well defined
Div 3 Ch 2 Revision to 90.1 – Feed-In Tariff

1.1.1.7. Energy Cost Method

Sentence 11.2.3.A.(1) shall be added to Section 11.2.
”Simulation General Requirements” of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1


114
11.2.3.A. Rates for Energy Supplied Back to the Grid System.
Where energy generated by an on-site renewable energy source is
supplied back to the grid system, for the purpose of Section 11,
Energy Cost Budget Method, the rates for the energy supplied back
to the grid system shall be assumed to be equal to the rates paid for
the same type of purchased energy from the grid system.
OBC SB-10 Enforcement?

Remains to be seen

But prior to Jan 1 in SB-10





envelope, window, lighting targets were set
energy modeling was a compliance path
building envelope trade-off was a compliance path
Ministry has new checklists developed (ask me how I
know that)
Greater attention has been paid over the last 12 months
115
90.1-20XX Impact on the Market

Product suppliers are
paying attention
116
Closing Quotes

Ludwig Wittgenstein
(engineer, mathematician, philosopher)


W.H. Auden
(poet)


“I don't know why we are here, but I'm pretty sure that it is not in
order to enjoy ourselves.”
“We are all here on earth to help others; what on earth the others
are here for I don't know.”
www.enermodal.com
Kurt Vonnegut
(writer)

117
"We are put on earth to fart around....don't let any one tell you any
different."
118