REVISED PROJECT DOCUMENT FOLLOWING PROJECT
INCEPTION MEETING
Region:
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Project title:
Bioenergy and food security in ASEAN
Project number:
TCP/RAS/3402
Starting date:
June 2012
Completion date:
June 2014
Government counterpart
responsible for project execution:
ASEAN Secretariat
FAO contribution:
USD 488,000
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Many ASEAN Member States (AMS) have implemented policies to encourage development of
green renewable energy including bioenergy to achieve a range of national development
objectives, including energy security, improved environmental performance and rural
employment and development. In response to these policies, bioenergy developments are
expanding at a fast pace; particularly in the biofuel sector. These developments are forging ahead
with little coordinated assessment of the potential impact on the region’s natural resource base,
the environment and food security.
In support of the ASEAN Heads of State/Government Cha-am/Hua Hin Statement on ASEAN
plus Three Cooperation on Food Security and Bioenergy Development, the ASEAN Secretariat
(ASEC) has been tasked, amongst other measures, to develop a comprehensive strategy on
sustainable and integrated food and biofuels production and consumption and to enhance
partnership with regional and international organizations to promote collaborative research and
development and technology transfer in food security and bioenergy.
FAO has developed the Bioenergy and Food Security (BEFS) Analytical Framework to assist
policy makers manage the trade-offs associated with bioenergy development and avoid
competition between bioenergy and food security. ASEC has requested the technical support of
FAO to use the BEFS Analytical Framework to address a critical regional gap in understanding
regarding the impact of AMS bioenergy policies and regional bioenergy development on food
systems and food security at the national and regional levels.
This project aims to meet this request by formulating regional and national BEFS mainstreaming
strategies in ASEAN to ensure that bioenergy provides more effective energy services in AMS
with minimal or no impact on food security and the environment. In developing these strategies a
range of supplementary activities will be implemented including capacity building with the FAO
BEFS Analytical Framework, measures to promote sustainable, food secure and climate friendly
bioenergy systems and technologies and the establishment of national bioenergy policy bodies.
The ultimate intended impact of the project is that sustainable, food secure, climate-friendly
bioenergy contributes to economic development in AMS.
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ADB
AP3FBE
AMAF
AME
AMS
AP3
APRC
ASEAN
ASEC
BEFS
COSIMO
EST
FAO-RAP
GBEP
GMS
IFES
LTO
MDG
NBPB
NPC
SEFA
SOM
Asian Development Bank
ASEAN Plus Three Forum on Biomass Energy
ASEAN Ministers of Agriculture and Forestry
ASEAN Ministers of Energy
ASEAN Member States
ASEAN Plus Three
FAO Asia-Pacific Regional Conference
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASEAN Secretariat
Bioenergy and Food Security
FAO Commodities Simulation Model
FAO Trade and Markets Disvision
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
Global Bioenergy Partnership
Greater Mekong Sub-Region
Integrated Food and Energy Systems
Lead Technical Officer
Millennium Development Goals
National Bioenergy Policy Body
National Project Coordinators
International Year of Sustainable Energy for All
Senior Officials Meeting
2
1. BACKGROUND
1.1
General Context
Energy demand in ASEAN is expected to nearly double from 513 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) in 2007 to 903 Mtoe in 2030. Based on expected energy demand CO2 emissions are also
expected to double from just over 1000 million tonnes (Mt) in 2007 to 1990 Mt in 2030. At
present, AMS are highly dependent on importing fossil fuels such as oil and coal to meet the
energy demands. Many AMS have implemented policies to encourage development of green
renewable energy including bioenergy to offset this trend. National policies have been
implemented in Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The Plus
Three countries also have detailed policy frameworks for bioenergy in place. These policies have
been enacted to achieve a range of national development objectives, including energy security,
improved environmental performance and rural employment and development. While there is
currently no specific bioenergy policy framework in Myanmar and Cambodia, there are bioenergy
projects underway in both countries.
Fossil fuels will remain the dominant source of energy in the region out to 2030. But, in response
to national support policies, bioenergy utilization is expected to increase by 1.2 percent per
annum over this period. The pace of development has been strong in the biofuel sector. At the
regional level, policy changes in China - a member of the ASEAN Plus Three (AP3) regional
grouping - to restrict domestic production of biofuel from food grains has encouraged imports of
biofuels and biofuel feedstock from other countries in the region. For example, biofuel and
biofuel feedstock production operations have recently been reported in Lao PDR, Cambodia and
Vietnam in response to growing demand for cassava based ethanol. These developments are
forging ahead with little coordinated assessment of the potential impact on the region’s natural
resource base, the environment and food security.
The FAO BEFS Project in Thailand, which was completed in 2010, identified a number of issues
associated with development of a bioenergy sector in the region that may provide insight into
possible implications for other AMS. The project found that in the case of Thailand there was no
measurable link between food prices and increased biofuel feedstock production. However,
because of the biofuel sector’s strong links with the agriculture sector and rural economies, the
analysis undertaken identified other supplementary issues that could be of broad interest to policy
makers including methods to identify a) natural resource requirements associated with national
bioenergy policies; b) strategies to improve food and fuel crop yields; c) options for improving
support to feedstock producers; d) the potential for bioenergy developments to contribute to
economic growth; and, in the case of food exporting countries such as Thailand, e) trade-offs
between domestic and export markets for food and fuel crops.
In some parts of the region reliance on traditional bioenergy and poor access to clean and reliable
energy is also hampering much needed development; particularly in rural areas. Some small-scale
modern bioenergy systems have been found to display high levels of resource efficiency and no
discernible impact on local food security1. These bioenergy systems have also been found to
create additional benefits for local food and energy security by integrating food and energy
production.
1.2
Sectoral Context
The project responds to a direct request for assistance from the ASEC and the Senior Officials
Meeting (SOM) of the ASEAN Ministries of Agriculture and Forestry (AMAF) 2. The project will
1
FAO. 2009. Small-scale bioenergy initiatives: Brief description and preliminary lessons on livelihood impacts from case studies
in Asia, Latin America and Africa. Rome.
2
See Annex 7 for excerpts from SOM-AMAF Meeting in August 2011.
3
directly contribute to the ASEAN Secretariat’s work in support of the ASEAN Heads of
State/Government Cha-am/Hua Hin Statement on ASEAN plus Three Cooperation on Food
Security and Bioenergy Development. Amongst other things, this statement committed ASEAN
member states to “develop a comprehensive strategy on sustainable and integrated food and
biofuels production and consumption”, “promote bioenergy trade and technology innovation to
ensure [the] long-term viability of bioenergy including exploring the possibility of formulating
regional policies on bioenergy trade” and “enhance partnership with regional and international
organizations to promote collaborative research and development and technology transfer in food
security and bioenergy”.3 The Cha-am/Hua Hin Statement was followed up by subsequent
supporting announcements at the Tenth AMAF and Ministers for Agriculture from the People’s
Republic of China, Japan and the Republic of Korea (10th AMAF plus Three), which was held in
Phnom Penh, Cambodia in October 20104.
Action to follow-up the commitments outlined in the Cha-am/Hua Hin Statement has been tasked
to AMAF. In 2010, a framework for the Comprehensive Strategy was developed by ASEC
outlining a number of potential activities that could be undertaken at the regional level in support
of the Cha-am/Hua Hin Statement. However, there has been little coordinated action to implement
this strategy to date.
Since 2010, a proposal from ASEC for a meeting of the SOM-AMAF+3 and SOME+3 on the
topic of bioenergy and food security has been endorsed at separate meetings of the SOMAMAF+3 and SOME+3. In addition, the initiative of ASEC and FAO to foster greater
cooperation on the issue of bioenergy and food security through this project has been noted by
Ministers of Agriculture from ASEAN Plus Three Countries at the 34th AMAF and 12th AMAF+3
in September 20125.
At the regional level, the proposed activity is pursuant to the recommendation of the 29th FAO
Asia-Pacific Regional Conference (APRC) recommendation that FAO will provide technical
assistance to assess the opportunities and risks associated with bioenergy production systems on
food security. The activity is also pursuant to the recommendation of the 30th APRC that FAO
continue close collaboration with ASEAN and conduct analytical studies and engage in policy
dialogue with with a view to developing a more stable global trading system for food, which
enhances food security.
The project’s intention to promote sustainable bioenergy systems in ASEAN is directly related to
the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), particularly MDG 1(Eradicate
extreme poverty and hunger), and MDG 7 (Ensure environmental sustainability). Bioenergy
systems have in some instances been proven to have positive impacts on rural development and
food security. Some bioenergy systems have demonstrated significant GHG emissions benefits
when compared to fossil energy and successfully procured financial support through the Clean
Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol and related voluntary carbon markets.
2.
RATIONALE
2.1
Problems/Issues to be addressed
The project will address a critical regional gap in understanding regarding the impact of AMS
bioenergy policies and regional bioenergy development on food systems and food security at the
national and regional levels. The project will aim to encourage more sustainable future
development of the bioenergy sector in ASEAN that is consistent with the the Cha-am/Hua Hin
Statement and create specific opportunities to build the capacity of regional policy makers and
3
See Annex 7 for the full Cha-am/Hua Hin Statement from October 2009.
See Annex 7 for excerpts from announcements of 10th AMAF plus Three in October 2010.
5
See Annex 7 for excerpts from statements made at the 34th AMAF and 12th AMAF+3 in September 2012.
4
4
practitioners to manage the trade-offs associated with bioenergy development using the FAO
Bioenergy and Food Security Analytical Framework, which is a unique, FAO-developed,
technical methodology.
2.2
Stakeholders and Target Beneficiaries
Four primary sets of stakeholders will benefit from the results of this project:
(i) ASEAN Secretariat (ASEC) – ASEC will benefit from specialized technical assistance to
assess regional trade-offs between bioenergy development and food security and develop the
regional BEFS strategy.
(ii) Policy-makers in ASEAN member states (AMS) - Policy-makers in AMS will benefit from
specialized technical assistance to assess national trade-offs between bioenergy development and
food security and mainstream BEFS approaches into national bioenergy policies.
(iii) Bioenergy technology developers and investors from the public and private sectors –
These groups will benefit from clearer guidance from AMS regarding the types and
characteristics of sustainable bioenergy technologies and systems that will be targeted for
promotion and development in ASEAN. Because BEFS activities will be implemented at the
national and regional levels, technology developers and investors will also benefit from a
common policy environment to guide investment decisions regarding bioenergy projects.
(iv) Rural communities – Over the medium-term rural communities will benefit from measures
to encourage the wider availability of sustainable, food secure, climate-friendly bioenergy.
Measures to better integrate smallholder farmers into national bioenergy policies and production
chains can work to strengthen their resilience to higher food and energy prices. Small-scale
bioenergy systems will also be encouraged as a supplementary investment in the food security,
health and productive capacity of rural communities. Rural communities and households in AMS
will also benefit broadly from the greater availability of clean and reliable energy.
2.3
Project Justification
As noted in Section 1.1, most AMS have adopted or are developing policies to promote bioenergy
development (Table 1).
Table 1: Bioenergy mandates and targets in selected countries ASEAN Member States
Country
Biofuels mandates/targets
Biomass heat & power targets
5% biofuel consumption in
810 MW by 2025
Indonesia
transport sector by 2025
B5
1 065 MW by 2020
Malaysia
B10 & E10; 1 885 million
267 MW by 2030
Philippines
litres of biodiesel by 2030
B3 & E10; 5 billion litres of 3 700 MW by 2022
Thailand
biofuel production by 2022
550 million litres of biofuel
5% (30GW) renewable energy
Viet Nam
production by 2020
by 2020 including biomass
Source: Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21)
Because government resources are limited, policy choices such as those outlined above involve
trade-offs. Government action to promote bioenergy may limit other strategies to achieve similar
development objectives. Also, because of information gaps, bioenergy policies designed to
achieve one set of development objectives can result in unintended consequences.
5
2.3.1
Bioenergy’s impact on food security
FAO believes that bioenergy can have both positive and negative impacts on food security.
Sustainable, modern bioenergy in its many forms can contribute to agricultural and rural
development, create new opportunities for income generation and investment and improve energy
security and access. For example, if higher food and agricultural prices motivate governments, the
private sector and donors to increase investment in agriculture and biomass collection and
distribution networks, there is potential for bioenergy development to result in gains for
agriculture output and food security. For example, the research undertaken by FAO in Thailand
for the BEFS project found that development of the biofuel sector will result positive impacts on
national economic growth6.
However, if not properly planned bioenergy developments could also imply environmental and
socio-economic risks such as potential land-use changes, decreases in soil quality and water
availability and quality and potential displacement of local communities, with negative
repercussions for livelihoods and food security. According to FAO’s BEFS Analytical
Framework, bioenergy competes for resources used in food production such as land, water and
labor.7 Competition between the food and bioenergy sectors for these resources, often in
combination with other factors, can lead to an increase in the cost of food production and food
prices, at least in the short term. In general, higher food prices will pose a challenge for net food
importing countries and poor net food buyers who spend a very large share of household
expenditures on food. However, higher food prices can also lead to benefits; particularly for netexporting countries and net-producing households.
Assessing and managing these opportunities and risks is essential in order to ensure sustainable
bioenergy development that fosters agricultural development and food security, while also
contributing to climate change mitigation. When considering bioenergy’s impact on food security,
it is important to take into account the particular country context and that, due to particular
endowments of natural, capital and labor resources, some bioenergy systems imply more or less
competition for resources used in food production. Bioenergy produced from agricultural
commodities and residues such as biofuels have the strongest links to agricultural markets and the
greatest potential to impact food production and prices. In contrast, bioenergy produced from
forestry residues and municipal and industrial wastes will result in less competition for agriculture
resources. As a result, the final impact of bioenergy on food security will, to some extent, depend
on the types of bioenergy systems that are adopted and the way in which the bioenergy sector is
managed and/or regulated.
2.3.2
Regional dimensions of bioenergy and food security
In regions such as ASEAN, where most AMS have committed to significant growth in bioenergy
output, it is also important to consider the potential implications of these policies for food security
at the regional level. Differences in national natural resource endowments and biomass production
capacity may require that some countries trade biomass feedstock or bioenergy to support their
national policy commitments. For example, the magnitude of China’s expected future demand for
ethanol and restrictions on biofuel produced from grain have prompted plans for a series of
cassava-based feedstock and biofuel production operations in AMS.
6
7
Damen B. BEFS Thailand – Key results and policy recommendations for future bioenergy development. Rome: FAO; 2010.
FAO. 2011. Bioenergy and food security: The BEFS analytical framework. Rome.
6
Trade in bioenergy and feedstock implies the use of one country’s land and water resources to
produce fuel and energy for another. If not properly managed, a future scenario where bioenergy
replaces larger and larger shares of fossil energy could intensify regional competition to secure
renewable biomass feedstock. There is also a risk that bioenergy feedstock producers in one
country looking to take advantage of favourable bioenergy policies in another may engage in
unsustainable practices that will affect the quality and stock of a country’s natural resources,
leading to longer-term issues for local food security.
This project aims to investigate the issues and information gaps identified above by building the
capacity of regional policy-makers and practitioners to manage the trade-offs associated with
bioenergy development using the FAO BEFS approach.
2.4
Relevant Prior or Ongoing FAO Assistance
The activity will build on the successful implementation of the BEFS analytical framework in
Thailand under GCP/INT/020/GER “Bioenergy and food security.” It is envisioned that as part of
this project opportunities could be identified to undertake full, country-level BEFS analyses in
other AMS similar to that which was undertaken in Thailand under GCP/INT/020/GER.
The project coincides with FAO’s increased global efforts to encourage a more evidenced-based
approach to developing bioenergy policies. The project corresponds with FAO capacity building
efforts on the BEFS analytical framework in other regions including South Asia and the South
African Development Community. The project will build on FAO’s recent work on promoting
Integrated Food and Energy Systems (IFES) and use experience from FAO’s previous experience
with IFES in Vietnam and China. It will also open up opportunities to adapt elements of the FAOUNEP-UN Energy “Bioenergy Decision Support Tool”, which was released in 2011, to the
development of bioenergy policies in AMS.
The project will also complement FAO’s work as secretariat for the Global Bioenergy Partnership
(GBEP) to establish globally accepted indicators for practical, science-based, voluntary
sustainability indicators for bioenergy. In May 2011, 45 countries and 22 international
organizations under the Global Bioenergy Partnership (GBEP) reached agreement on 24
indicators for bioenergy covering issues such as food prices, water quality, greenhouse gas
emissions and energy access. GBEP is commencing a project in Indonesia in 2012 to assess the
requirements of monitoring these indicators at the country level. This project intends to build on
the findings of this work to explore the possibility of securing AMS commitment to regionally
agreed sustainability criteria and standards for biomass feedstock and bioenergy production based
on the GBEP indicators.
In addition, the project will complement work that was undertaken for TCP/RAS/3202 (D) on
“Poverty reduction and biofuels in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS).” In particular this
project, through the involvement and commitment of SOM-AMAF+3 & AME-SOM, will lead to
the development of ASEAN-wide (which includes GMS countries) mechanisms to mainstream
bioenergy strategies that protect the poor and vulnerable against food insecurity and explore
possibilities for regionally agreed bioenergy sustainability criteria. The planned project activities
in GMS countries will also complement new activities being undertaken by ADB in the GMS and
further strengthen the partnership between FAO and ADB on the topic of bioenergy and food
security in the region (see Section 2.4.1 for further information on complementary bioenergy
initiatives being undertaken by ADB).
Finally, the aim of the project to promote sustainable, food secure and climate-friendly bioenergy
technologies in ASEAN will also contribute to FAO’s activities in 2012 under the International
Year of Sustainable Energy for All (SEFA). Cooperation with national, regional and international
partners is essential for the success of the project. This year-long event will also create
7
opportunities to establish partnerships with regional partners who are also developing programs
and activities to coincide with SEFA.
2.4.1 Complementary projects and initiatives
As noted previously, the project will directly contribute to ASEC’s efforts to develop a regional
Comprehensive strategy on food security and bioenergy, which is an integral part of the
development of ASEAN’s larger Integrated Food Security Framework and Strategic Plan of
Action on ASEAN Food Security. FAO is also lending technical assistance to develop these
initiatives.
In addition, ADB, via its GMS Working Group on Agriculture (WGA) has initiated a
US$ 4 million technical assistance (R-CDTA 7833) project titled “Capacity Building for ClimateFriendly Bioenergy and Food Security in the Greater Mekong Sub-region”. Under this project
activities will be implemented in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam. Building on the well
established relationship between FAO and ADB in the GMS region, the BEFS ASEAN project
will complement this ADB initiative in identifying and promoting sustainable, food secure and
climate-friendly bioenergy technologies including biogas, biogas slurry and biochar. The work
undertaken for the BEFS ASEAN project will also open up the potential for additional investment
of up to US$ 80 million in sustainable, food secure and climate-friendly bioenergy technologies,
which is expected to flow from ADB to the bioenrgy sector in GMS countries after 2014 as
follow-up to the ADB technical assistance project.
2.5
FAO Comparative Advantage
This project is being implemented by FAO for the following reasons:
 The project will use unique, FAO-developed technical tools and methodologies to evaluate
and strengthen the technical capacity of AMS to assess bioenergy policy frameworks in
relation to sustainable utilization of natural resources and food security and nutrition at the
national and regional levels;
 The activity will build on the implementation of this methodology in Peru, Tanzania and
Thailand under GCP/INT/020/GER and coincide with FAO’s increased global efforts to
encourage a more evidenced-based approach to developing bioenergy policies; and
 The project will respond to a direct request from ASEC for FAO’s technical assistance on
the topic of bioenergy and food security.
3.
PROJECT FRAMEWORK
3.1
Impact
Development Impact: Sustainable, food secure, climate-friendly bioenergy contributes to
economic development in AMS.
3.2
Outcome and Outputs
Project Outcome: Bioenergy provides more effective energy services in AMS with minimal or
no impact on food security and the environment.
Output 1: The status and progress of bioenergy development in AMS and establishment of the
ASEAN framework for BEFS is assessed.
Activity 1.1: Collect baseline data.
Activity 1.2: Review current policies and progress against ASEAN Plus Three (AP3) Strategy on
BEFS.
Activity 1.3: Organize senior officials meeting of AP3 agriculture and energy ministries.
8
Activity 1.4: Establish national bioenergy policy bodies.
Activity 1.5: Identify areas for priority action at the regional and national level to further
implementation of the AP3 Strategy on BEFS.
Output 2: Sustainable, food secure and climate friendly bioenergy systems and technologies are
promoted for adoption in AMS.
Activity 2.1: Conduct a regional agricultural outlook taking special account of AMS bioenergy
policies.
Activity 2.2: Conduct regional assessment of natural resources for bioenergy production.
Activity 2.3: Conduct detailed regional assessment of bioenergy systems and technologies
suitable for AMS.
Activity 2.4: Conduct regional assessment on the macroeconomic impact of regional bioenergy
developments and household food security in ASEAN
Activity 2.5: Organize AP3 Forum on Biomass Energy (AP3FBE) involving at least 60
participants from the region.
Output 3: AMS capacity to assess trade-offs between bioenergy development and food security
is strengthened.
Activity 3.1: Develop regional and country-level BEFS profiles for each AMS.
Activity 3.2: Carry out TNA8 for ASEC and relevant AMS agencies on managing trade-offs
between BEFS.
Activity 3.3: Develop and implement training workshops in AMS on FAO BEFS analytical
framework.
Output 4: National and regional mainstreaming strategies for managing trade-offs between BEFS
in AMS are developed..
Activity 4.1: Develop regional BEFS mainstreaming strategy in collaboration with the ASEC.
Activity 4.2: Develop national BEFS mainstreaming strategies for AMS.
Activity 4.3: Organize senior officials meeting of AP3 agriculture and energy ministries.
Activity 4.4: Identify funding options to support mainstreaming activities at regional and national
levels.
3.3
Sustainability
The sustainability of the project activities will be ensured through the follow-up strategy
described in Table 2.
Table 2: BEFS ASEAN follow-up strategy
Outcome/Output
Follow-up actions
Outcome: Regional  Implement ASEAN
and national BEFS
regional BEFS
strategies are
mainstreaming strategy
established to
 Implement national
ensure that
BEFS mainstreaming
bioenergy provides
strategies
more effective
 Secure funding for
energy services in
BEFS mainstreaming
AMS with minimal
activities in ASEAN
or no impact on
8
Institution
responsible
 ASEC
 AMS,
National
bioenergy
policy bodies
(NBPB)
 ASEC, FAO
TNA – Training needs assessment
9
Contribution to
sustainability of
project outcome
N/A
Contribution to the
project impact
 Mainstreaming strategies
lead to promotion and
wider adoption of
sustainable, food secure
and climate friendly
bioenergy in AMS
food security and
the environment.
Output 1: The
 ASEC with support of
status and progress
NBPBs monitor
of bioenergy
bioenergy development
development in
in ASEAN
AMS and
 National bioenergy
establishment of the
policy bodies continue
ASEAN framework
to monitor national
for BEFS is
bioenergy
assessed
developments
Output 2:
Sustainable, food
secure and climate
friendly bioenergy
systems and
technologies are
promoted for
adoption in AMS
 SOM Monitoring bioenergy
AMAF+3 &
developments at
other relevant
regional and national
Ministries
levels is essential to
including the
effective
SOME+3,
implementation of
ASEC,
regional and national
NBPB
BEFS strategies
 NBPB
 Better monitoring of
bioenergy development
will ensure that strategies
to promote sustainable,
food-secure and climate
friendly bioenergy can be
improved and
unsustainable bioenergy
development is mitigated
 Annual AP3 Forum on
biomass energy
(AP3FBE)
 Suitable bioenergy
technologies promoted
for additional
investment under ADB
RCDTA7833.
 AP3, ASEC
 The AP3FBE and the
BEFS mainstreaming
strategies will ensure
bioenergy development in
ASEAN provides more
effective energy services
in AMS with minimal or
no impact on food
security and the
environment
 ASEC and NBPB
implement BEFS
capacity building
activities for relevant
stakeholders where
required
 ASEC,
NBPB, FAO
 ASEC,
FAO,ADB
 The AP3FBE will
provide a regular
forum for policy
makers, technology
developers and
investors to identify
sustainable, food
secure and climate
friendly bioenergy
technologies
 BEFS capacity
building with relevant
stakeholders will
ensure regional and
national BEFS
mainstreaming
strategies are more
effective
Output 4: National  ASEAN regional BEFS  ASEC, SOM-  Regional and national
and regional
mainstreaming strategy
AMAF+3 &
BEFS mainstreaming
mainstreaming
is periodically reviewed
other relevant
strategies will need to
strategies for
and updated
Ministries
periodically reviewed
managing trade-offs  National BEFS
including the
to accommodate
between BEFS in
SOME+3
changes in policy
mainstreaming
AMS are developed
priorities and new
strategies are
developments with
periodically reviewed
 NBPB
bioenergy
and updated
technologies and
systems
Output 3: AMS
capacity to assess
trade-offs between
bioenergy
development and
food security is
strengthened
3.3.1
 Increasing bioenergy
stakeholders of BEFS will
ensure that bioenergy
development is
sustainable, food secure
and climate-friendly
 Regular review of the
BEFS mainstreaming
strategies allow AMS to
periodically adapt
bioenergy policies to
ensure that they more
effectively contribute to
economic development
Potential for follow-up partnerships
Partnership and collaboration with organizations such as the International Energy Agency, Asian
Development Bank, UNDP, the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific,
World Energy Council and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) are anticipated and will be
pursued as opportunities arise.
3.4
Risks and Assumptions
The risk management strategy for the project is described in Table 3. Full assessment of the
project assumptions are presented in the log frame at Annex 2.
Table 3: BEFS ASEAN risk management matrix
Risk
AMS reduce
commitment to
sustainable, food secure
and climate-friendly
bioenergy development.
Impact
 ASEC and national

Probability Mitigation
Moderate
 Regular communication with senior
governments will lessen
engagement with project.
Reduced government interest
in bioenergy will reduce
officials through SOM-AMAF+3 & other
relevant Ministries including the
SOME+3 to ensure commitment to
project.
10
 Close monitoring of regional trends in
relevance of project
outcomes.

National governments
are unable to form
National Bioenergy
Policy Bodies.
 National activities and
Moderate

capacity building activities
will be less effective and
sustainable.

Changes in project staff.
 Loss of institutional memory
Low
and delay of project
implementation.



bioenergy development and policy and
public perceptions of bioenergy.
Strong advocacy of project activities and
final impact.
Endorsement of project activities
including establishment of NBPBs will be
ensured at a high level through
involvement of ASEC and SOMAMAF+3 & other relevant Ministries
including the SOME+3.
Periodic SOM-AMAF+3 meetings will
allow individual countries to report
progress and ensure government interest
and commitment is maintained for the life
of the project.
The role of ASEC as the coordinating
partner will ensure that changes in staff, if
they occur, can be managed smoothly.
The SOM-AMAF+3 in consultation with
other relevant Ministries including the
SOME+3 will appoint national project
coordinators in each AMS to ensure
institutional memory is retained at
government level.
Regional BEFS Expert and national
consultants will be sought for specific
tasks and set timeframes.
4.
IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS
4.1
Institutional Framework and Coordination
The SOM-AMAF+3 will act as high-level directors for the project’s activities (see Figure 1). The
SOM-AMAF+3 representatives will be responsible for coordinating inputs from other relevant
Ministries and stakeholders including the SOME+3. It is proposed that special sessions of the
SOM-AMAF+3 (and SOME+3 if agreed) will be convened at the inception and close of the
project. Additional sessions could be convened as deemed necessary. While the SOM-AMAF+3
will not touch on day-to-day project management issues, these senior representatives from each
AMS will guide project activities at the macro-level and be responsible for taking the project
outputs forward with the governments of each AMS.
Regular engagement from the SOM-AMAF+3 and relevant Ministries including SOME+3 will
also ensure necessary engagement from relevant government agencies to implement project
activities. Directives from the SOM-AMAF+3 will establish National Project Coordinators
(NPCs) in each AMS. The NPCs will be responsible for establishing National Bioenergy Policy
Bodies of relevant Ministries and stakeholders to engage with project activities.
Coordination and oversight of the project including work planning and budgeting will be the
shared responsibility of ASEC and the FAO Lead Technical Officer (LTO) located in the Natural
Resources Environment Group of the Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO-RAP).
ASEC and the LTO, together with the national project coordinators identified by the SOMAMAF+3 and ASEC will act as the project steering committee.
11
Figure 1: Project management flow chart
High-level Directors
SOM-AMAF +3
SOME+3
LTO (FAORAP)
ASEC
National Project
Coordinators
Steering Committee
Junior Bioenergy
Data Analyst
BEFS Expert,
Regional Project
Coordinator
Other
relevant
Ministries
Other
relevant
national
stakeholders
Implementation Team
National BEFS
Capacity Building
Coordinators
A Regional BEFS Expert (international consultant, provided with project) will be based in ASEC
to assist ASEC coordinate with FAO-RAP and NPCs and implement project activities. The
Regional BEFS Expert will be supported by National BEFS Capacity Building Coordinators in
each target AMS and a Junior Bioenergy Data Analyst based at FAO-RAP in Bangkok (all
national consultants, provided with project).
Engagement of AP3 partners and private sector partners to support implementation of the
AP3FBE will be coordinated by the Regional BEFS Expert with support from ASEC and FAORAP. Similarly, the participation of appropriate research organizations and consultants to produce
the thematic, regional BEFS reports anticipated under Output 2 will be coordinated by the
Regional BEFS Expert with support from ASEC and FAO-RAP.
4.2
Strategy/Methodology
The project will be implemented in four phases:
Phase I – Commencing June 2012
During Phase I, ASEC and FAO will organize the inception meeting of the SOM-AMAF+3 &
SOME+3. The LTO will identify a suitable Regional BEFS Expert in consultation with ASEC
and relevant technical departments in FAO HQ. Meanwhile, LTO will also facilitate for the
compilation of existing information and data on bioenergy development in AMS in consultation
with ASEC. Following the inception meeting of the SOM-AMAF+3 & SOME+3, AMS will be
asked to register their interest in joining the project activities with ASEC and identify national
project coordinators. ASEC will then coordinate with FAO to commence the next Phase of project
activities.
Phase II – Expected to commence in 1st Quarter 2013
During Phase II of the project ASEC and FAO will work with national project coordinators and
the multi-sector National Bioenergy Policy Bodies to identify appropriate national level activities
given the particular country context. ASEC and FAO will also work with NPCs to identify
appropriate BEFS national capacity building coordinators. ASEC and FAO will also work with
AP3 Countries to organize the ASEAN Plus Three Forum on Biomass Energy. During the forum,
ASEC and FAO will report on the outcomes of the special session of SOM-AMAF+3 & AMESOM. The LTO and Regional BEFS Expert will also commence engaging FAO’s Trade and
12
Markets Division (EST) and relevant regional research organizations to produce a range of
regional BEFS thematic reports based on different elements of the BEFS Analytical framework.
Phase III - Expected to commence in 3rd Quarter 2013
During Phase III, national capacity building workshops will be organized in each AMS with the
support of the BEFS national capacity building coordinators and the national bioenergy policy
bodies. The Regional BEFS Expert will be responsible for coordinating the activities of the
national capacity building coordinators in consultation with ASEC and FAO-RAP. The outputs
from the national workshops will be the basis of a tailored BEFS mainstreaming strategy and
implementation plan for each AMS. The BEFS national capacity building coordinators will be
tasked with further developing the BEFS mainstreaming strategy in consultation with the NPCs
and the multi-sector National Bioenergy Policy Bodies. In organizing the capacity building
workshops and national BEFS mainstreaming strategies particular attention will be directed
toward addressing gender related issues associated with bioenergy development and food
security. This will include the need for strengthened food security safety-nets for women and
children to accompany bioenergy development policies and a focus on developing technology
implementation strategies that will provide economic benefit for both males and females.
Phase IV - Expected to commence in 1st Quarter 2014
During Phase IV, the national BEFS mainstreaming strategies will be submitted for endorsement
by the multi-sector National Bioenergy Policy Bodies in each AMS. Meanwhile the Regional
BEFS Expert, in consultation with ASEC and LTO will develop a regional, ASEAN BEFS
mainstreaming strategy that will be submitted at a final meeting of the SOM-AMAF+3 (and
SOME+3 if agreed) before the close of the project for endorsement. The regional and national
BEFS mainstreaming strategies will form the basis of funding proposals to be developed by each
AMS, ASEC and FAO to support the implementation actions identified in these strategies.
4.3
Government Inputs
Inputs to be provided by countries which will be directly assisted by the project will be mainly inkind inputs in the form of staff time, office space and local services. The SOM-AMAF+3 will be
tasked with appointing national project coordinators to act as government focal points for project
activities from each AMS. ASEC will provide office space and support services to support the
placement of the Regional BEFS Expert at ASEC in Jakarta, Indonesia. ASEC will also provide
the venue and logistical support to the closing meeting of the SOM-AMAF+3 (and SOME+3 if
agreed) in Jakarta at ASEC headquarters.
4.4
FAO Contribution
Personnel (see Annex 4):
 One Regional BEFS Expert for 200 days (international expert);
 Six national bioenergy capacity building coordinators for 40 days each (national expert); and
 One Junior Bioenergy Data Analyst for 60 days (national expert);
Contracts (See Annex 6):
 Letters of Agreement will be issued to institutions identified by the Regional BEFS Expert in
consultation with ASEC and the lead technical officer to undertake thematic regional BEFS
reports.
Travel:
 Expenses for travel and DSA of the Regional BEFS Expert ;
 Expenses for travel and DSA of National BEFS Capacity Building Coordinators;
 Expenses for national and regional workshop travel and DSA; and
 Expenses for travel and DSA for FAO technical backstopping.
13
Training and meetings (see Annex 5):
 Organizing and hosting expenses of one SOM-AMAF+3 & AME-SOM meetings;
 Part of organizing and hosting expenses of the ASEAN Plus Three Biomass Energy Forum;
and
 Organizing and hosting expenses of six national BEFS capacity building workshops.
Expendable Equipment
 Expenses associated with establishment of the Regional BEFS Expert at ASEC including
workspace materials.
Nonexpendable equipment
 Expenses associated with establishment of the Regional BEFS Expert at ASEC including
computer, telecommunications equipment.
Technical Support Services (TSS)
 Supervisory and technical support from the regional Bioenergy Officer and Climate Change
Coordinator for 45 days; and
 Technical support from COSIMO9 experts in EST for 30 days.
General operating expenses:
 Cost of communication and other support activities during project implementation.
Support Cost
 Direct Operating Costs.
5.
OVERSIGHT,
REPORTING
MONITORING,
MANAGEMENT
5.1
Monitoring and Management of Information
INFORMATION
AND
Monitoring will be undertaken by the FAO LTO based on reports from the Regional BEFS Expert
and national capacity building consultants, field reports and workshop summaries. Lessons
learned will be captured at various points during the implementation of the project, with a final
report providing synthesis of findings and recommendations for follow up to the project.
The findings will be disseminated in a number of ways. Firstly, the institutional framework for the
project decided at the inception meeting of the SOM-AMAF+3 & SOME+3 will be
communicated to the regional bioenergy sector at the AP3FBE. The discussions during the forum
and the findings of the national bioenergy profiles and regional thematic BEFS reports will be
provided to each national BEFS capacity development workshop. Finally, the findings of the
national BEFS capacity development workshops and the regional and national BEFS
mainstreaming strategies will be communicated to SOM-AMAF+3 and other relevant
stakeholders including the SOME+3 by ASEC and FAO.
5.2
Communication and Visibility
Communication will take place through various mechanisms. Consultant reports and the final
project report prepared by FAO will be circulated to ASEC and AMS. As outlined above, the
SOM-AMAF+3 & SOME+3 inception meeting, AP3FBE and national BEFS workshops will
9
Commodities Outlook Simulation Model
14
provide good opportunities to raise awareness of the project and the visibility of its activities. The
junior data analyst will also be responsible for establishing a project website that will provide
information on project activities and outputs. Management of this website will be handed over to
ASEC at the close of the project to allow for future updates regarding the implementation of the
regional and national BEFS strategies.
5.3
Reporting Schedule
The Regional BEFS Expert will be responsible for providing reports to the LTO at the sixth,
twelfth and eighteenth month of implementation. The LTO will prepare the terminal statement
using standard FAO format that will include:




Elaboration of the actual timing and implementation of project activities compared to those
scheduled in the work plan;
Degree of achievement of immediate objectives and planned outputs;
Identification of any problems and constraints (technical, human, financial) encountered
during project implementation; and
Recommendations for project follow-up and lessons learned.
15
ANNEX: 1
PROJECT BUDGET
(FAO contribution in USD)
Country:
ASEAN
Project title:
Bioenergy and food security in ASEAN
Project symbol:
TCP/RAS/3402
Accts
Input Description
Sub/Child
Account
5013
5543
5544
5014
5650
5021
5684
5685
5694
5692
5023
5920
5024
6000
5025
6100
Consultants
Consultants – international
Consultants - national
Contracts
Contracts Budget
5027
6111
6120
5028
6300
5029
6118
Technical Support Services
Report costs
Technical Support Services (Honorarium)
General Operating Expenses
General Operating Expenses Budget
Support Cost
Direct Operating Costs (7%)
Grand Total
Main/Parent
Account
97,200
60,000
37,200
152,800
152,800
Travel
Consultants – International
Consultants - National
Travel – Training
Travel - Technical Support Services
Training
Training Budget
81,666
14,107
6,046
51,443
10,070
56,000
56,000
Expendable Equipment
Expendable Equipment Budget
Nonexpendable Equipment
Nonexpendable Equipment
2,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
16
44,275
2350
41,925
19,134
19,134
31,925
31,925
488,000
488,000
ANNEX: 2
Log frame
Title: BEFS in ASEAN
Timeframe: 2 years
Allocation: $488,000
Indicators / Targets
Design Summary
(by End of Project unless otherwise
stated)
Data Sources
Assumptions
Impact:
Sustainable, food secure,
climate-friendly
bioenergy contributes to
economic development
in ASEAN Member
States (AMS).
1
2
Sustainable, food secure, climatefriendly bioenergy accounts for
1.8% of total energy consumption
in 2015 and 5% by 2030.
5 AMS adopt FAO BEFS10
framework adopted to assess to
bioenergy policy frameworks.
 ASEAN Energy
Outlook
 Energy statistics
and surveys
Regional ASEAN Secretariat
(ASEC) mainstreaming strategy
on BEFS endorsed by AMS.
Dedicated national bioenergy
policy bodies established and
active in at least 5 target AMS.
USD 2 million in AMS funding
secured to implement regional and
national BEFS mainstreaming
strategies matched by USD 5
million in donor/private funding.
 ASEC reports
3. A regional BEFS
 Ministerial
strategy is priority
Statements
for ASEC
 Government
reports and policy 4. Appropriate policy
and legal framework
announcements
and institutional
 Budget
commitment to
announcements
establish national
 Funding decisions
bioenergy policy
bodies
 BEFS
implementation
proposals/
documents
1. AMS maintain policy
commitments to
bioenergy
2. Bioenergy is a
sustainable, food
secure and climatefriendly alternative to
fossil energy
Outcome:
Bioenergy provides more
effective energy services
in AMS with minimal or
no impact on food
security and the
environment.
1
2
3
5. AMS capable of
allocating funding
for national
bioenergy strategies
Outputs:
1
The status and
progress of
bioenergy
development in
AMS and
establishment of the
ASEAN framework
for BEFS is
assessed.
1.1 Senior officials from the
 SOM11 minutes
Ministries of Agriculture and
Energy in each AMS have met to
discuss progress of bioenergy
development in ASEAN.
1.2 ASEAN Strategy on BEFS
agreed.
 ASEAN BEFS
1.3 National bioenergy policy bodies
mainstreaming
established and active in each
strategy
target AMS.
 National
bioenergy policy
documents and
announcements
 Meeting minutes
2
Sustainable, food
secure and climate
friendly bioenergy
2.1 Published regional agricultural
 Thematic BEFS
outlook taking special account of
report
AMS bioenergy policies.
10
11
Bioenergy and food security
Senior officials meeting
17
6. Full cooperation of
ASEC and AMS in
addressing BEFS
7. Technical expertise
to conduct research
on BEFS is available
Indicators / Targets
Design Summary
systems and
technologies are
promoted for
adoption in AMS.
3
4
AMS capacity to
assess trade-offs
between bioenergy
development and
food security
strengthened.
National and
regional strategies
for managing tradeoffs between BEFS
in AMS are
developed and
mainstreamed.
(by End of Project unless otherwise
stated)
Data Sources
Assumptions
2.2 Published regional report on
natural resources for bioenergy
production.
2.3 Published regional report
bioenergy systems and
technologies suitable for AMS.
2.4 60 representatives from public
and private sector groups’
awareness raised of suitable
bioenergy systems and
technologies and BEFS issues.
2.5 Published regional report on the
macroeconomic impact of
regional bioenergy developments
and household food security.
3.1 At least 5 BEFS profiles
published.
3.2 Regional TNA on BEFS
available.
3.3 At least 5 national training
workshops on BEFS.
 Thematic BEFS
4.1 Regional BEFS mainstreaming
strategy available.
4.2 National BEFS mainstreaming
strategies available in at least 5
AMS.
4.3 Senior officials from the
Ministries of Agriculture and
Energy in each AMS have met to
discuss progress of implementing
ASEAN BEFS strategy.
4.4 At least 10 funding proposals to
implement part or all of regional
BEFS framework submitted to
donor/private sector
4.5 Published regional summary
report on BEFS in ASEAN
 Training plan and
11. ASEC and AMS are
reports
committed to
 AP3 BEFS
develop and
mainstreaming
implement BEFS
strategy
mainstreaming
 National BEFS
strategies
mainstreaming
12. BEFS mainstreaming
strategies
has support of
 SOM minutes
ASEAN Senior
 Regional/ national
Officials
funding proposals
 Budget
announcements
 Final regional
BEFS report
report
 Thematic BEFS
report
 AP3FBE meeting
8. Full support of
ASEC and AMS to
organize ABEF
9. Relevant
stakeholders are
interested in ABEF
summary
 Thematic BEFS
report
 BEFS country
profiles
 TNA report
10. AMS make staff
available for BEFS
training
 Workshop
minutes
 Training plan and
reports
 National
bioenergy policy
documents and
announcements
 Meeting minutes
Indicative Activities:
1.1 Collect baseline data.
1.2 Review current
policies and progress
against ASEAN
Strategy on BEFS.
1.3 Organize senior
officials meeting of
ASEAN agriculture
and energy
ministries.
1.4 Establish national
bioenergy policy
bodies.
1.5 Identify areas for
1.1 Completed by December 2012.
13. AMS allocate
 Inception report
1.2 Completed by October 2012.
sufficient time for
 Meeting summary
1.3 Meeting to be organized in October report
poitical and technical
2012.
personnel to
 Annual reports
1.4 Target completion by February
participate in project
2013.
activities
1.5 Target completion by April 2013.
14. Change of
government or
personnel does not
affect project
activities
18
Indicators / Targets
Design Summary
(by End of Project unless otherwise
stated)
Data Sources
priority action at the
regional and national
level to further
implementation of
the ASEAN Strategy
on BEFS.
2.1 Conduct a regional
agricultural outlook
taking special
account of AMS
bioenergy policies.
2.2 Conduct regional
assessment of natural
resources for
bioenergy
production.
2.3 Conduct detailed
regional assessment
of bioenergy systems
and technologies
suitable for AMS.
2.4 Conduct regional
assessment on
macroeconomic
impact of regional
bioenergy
developments and
household food
security in ASEAN.
2.5 Organize AP3 Forum
on Biomass Energy
(AP3FBE).
2.1 Preliminary report ready by July
 Final thematic
2013 and final report by December BEFS reports
2013.
 Meeting summary
2.2 Preliminary report ready by July
report
2013 and final report by December
2013.
2.3 Preliminary report ready by July
2013 and final report by December
2013.
2.4 Preliminary report ready by July
2013 and final report by December
2013.
2.5 Meeting to be organized in July
2013.
3.1 Develop regional and
country-level BEFS
profiles for each
AMS.
3.2 Carry out TNA for
ASEC and relevant
AMS agencies on
managing trade-offs
between BEFS12.
3.3 Develop and
implement training
workshops in AMS
on FAO BEFS
analytical
framework.
3.1 Draft profiles ready by February
 Country profile
2013 and final profiles in May
reports
2013.
 TNA report
3.2 Completed by July 2013.
 Training plan and
3.3 Regional training plan in place by
reports
June 2013; first training workshop
in July 2013 and training
workshops to be completed by
December 2013.
4.1 Develop regional
BEFS mainstreaming
strategy in
collaboration with
the ASEC.
4.2 Develop national
BEFS mainstreaming
strategies for AMS.
4.3 Organize senior
officials meeting of
4.1 Draft strategy ready by February
2014 and final strategy ready by
May 2014.
4.2 National strategies completed by
March 2014.
4.3 Meeting to be organized in April
2014.
4.4 Preliminary report ready by April
2014 and final report by May 2014.
4.5 Complete by June 2014.
12
TNA Training Needs Assessment
19
 Strategy
documents
 ASEC meeting
reports
 Meeting summary
report
 Final regional
BEFS report
Assumptions
Indicators / Targets
Design Summary
(by End of Project unless otherwise
stated)
ASEAN agriculture
and energy
ministries.
4.4 Identify funding
options to support
mainstreaming
activities at regional
and national levels.
4.5 Publish regional
report on BEFS.
20
Data Sources
Assumptions
ANNEX 3: Work plan
OUTPUTS/ACTIVITIES
2012
J
A
2013
S
O
N
D
J
2014
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
Output 1: The status and progress of bioenergy development in AMS and establishment of the ASEAN framework for BEFS is assessed
Activity 1.1: Collect baseline data
Activity 1.2: Review current policies and progress against ASEAN
Strategy on BEFS
Activity 1.3: Organize senior officials meeting of AP3 agriculture
and energy ministries
Activity 1.4: Establish national bioenergy policy bodies
Activity 1.5: Identify areas for priority action at the regional and
national level to further implementation of the ASEAN Strategy on
BEFS
Output 2: Sustainable, food secure and climate friendly bioenergy systems and technologies are promoted for adoption in AMS
Activity 2.1: Conduct a regional agricultural outlook taking special
account of AMS bioenergy policies.
Activity 2.2: Conduct regional assessment of natural resources for
bioenergy production
Activity 2.3: Conduct detailed regional assessment of bioenergy
systems and technologies suitable for AMS
Activity 2.4: Conduct regional assessment on macroeconomic
impact of regional bioenergy developments and household food
security in ASEAN
Activity 2.5: Organize AP3 Forum on Biomass Energy (AP3FBE)
Output 3: AMS capacity to assess trade-offs between bioenergy development and food security strengthened
Activity 3.1: Develop regional and country-level BEFS profiles for
each AMS
Activity 3.2: Carry out TNA for ASEC and relevant AMS agencies
on managing trade-offs between BEFS
Activity 3.3: Develop and implement training workshops in AMS on
FAO BEFS analytical framework
21
D
J
F
M
A
M
J
Output 4: National and regional strategies for managing trade-offs between BEFS in AMS are developed and mainstreamed
Activity 4.1: Develop regional BEFS mainstreaming strategy in
collaboration with the ASEC
Activity 4.2: Develop national BEFS mainstreaming strategies for
AMS
Activity 4.3: Organize senior officials meeting of ASEAN
agriculture and energy ministries
Activity 4.4: Identify funding options to support mainstreaming
activities at regional and national levels
Activity 4.5: Publish regional report on BEFS
22
ANNEX: 4
Personnel Terms of Reference
Rrgional Bioenergy and Food Security (BEFS) Expert
(200 days, based in Jakarta at ASEC, 14 missions and participation in two regional meetings)
Under the overall supervision of the budget holder and the technical supervision of the Climate
Change and Bioenergy Officer of FAO RAP with the support of bioenergy technical staff of
HQ, and in close consultation and cooperation with other project team members (national
consultants and counterparts), local authorities, and stakeholders, the incumbent will provide
following services:
1)
Assist the Climate Change and Bioenergy Officer, FAO-RAP, identify national capacity
building consultants in each ASEAN target country.
2) In collaboration with the ASEAN Secretariat (ASEC) organize meetings of the ASEAN
Senior Officials of the Ministries of Agriculture and Forestry (AMAF) (and Senior
Officials of the ASEAN Ministers of Energy (SOME+3) if requested) on the topic of
bioenergy and food security in ASEAN as required.
3) In collaboration with ASEC and the national capacity building consultants in each target
ASEAN member state (AMS) establish national bioenergy policy bodies.
4) Design and coordinate regional BEFS studies on natural resources for bioenergy
production; bioenergy systems and technologies suitable for ASEAN member states; GHG
life-cycle assessment of different bioenergy systems and technologies in the AMS; and the
potential of bioenergy to provide energy services to rural enterprises and households in
ASEAN.
5) In collaboration with the organizers of the ASEAN Plus Three Biomass Energy Forum,
organize a regional BEFS capacity development forum.
6) Develop a regional BEFS training needs assessment for ASEAN Secretariat and AMS.
7) Coordinate the development of national BEFS training assessments in target AMS.
8) Develop detailed process and templates to design and implement national and regional
BEFS mainstreaming strategies.
9) Draft a regional ASEAN BEFS mainstreaming strategy and regional implementation plan
to be submitted to SOM-AMAF+3 other relevant Ministries including the SOME+3 for
further action.
10) Draft and submit at least 10 funding proposals to implement part or all of BEFS
mainstreaming strategy and supporting activities.
11) Draft a final BEFS report for ASEAN.
12) Prepare the end-of-assignment report according to FAO standards.
Duty Station: Jakarta
Duration: 200 days, staggered contract
Expected Outputs:
 One regional BEFS training needs assessment for ASEAN;
 Meeting reports of SOM-AMAF+3 on the topic of bioenergy and food security;
23



One regional BEFS mainstreaming strategy for ASEAN and implementation plan;
10 funding proposals to support implementation of the ASEAN BEFS mainstreaming
strategy; and
One final BEFS ASEAN report.
24
National BEFS Capacity Building Consultant (in participating AMS)
(40 days, 1 mission to Jakarta for regional closing meeting)
Under the overall supervision of the budget holder and the technical supervision of the Climate
Change and Bioenergy Officer of FAO-RAP and Regional BEFS Expert with the support of
bioenergy technical staff of HQ, and in close consultation and cooperation with other project
team members, local authorities, and stakeholders, the incumbent will provide following
services:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Assist government establish a national bioenergy policy body or organize a meeting of an
existing national bioenergy policy body.
Liaise with ASEC, Regional BEFS Expert and national bioenergy policy body.
Conduct a national BEFS training needs assessment in consultation with appropriate
government agencies, national research bodies and private sector organizations.
Organize a national training workshop on BEFS.
Draft a national BEFS mainstreaming strategy and implementation plan
Prepare a final report according to the FAO standards
Duty Station: Various AMS
Duration: 40 days
Expected Outputs:
 One national BEFS training needs assessment;
 One national BEFS training workshop report; and
 One national BEFS mainstreaming strategy and implementation plan.
25
Junior Bioenergy Data Analyst
(60 days, based in Bangkok)
Under the overall supervision of the budget holder and the technical supervision of the Climate
Change and Bioenergy Officer of FAO RAP and Regional BEFS Expert with the support of
bioenergy technical staff of HQ, and in close consultation and cooperation with other project
team members, local authorities, and stakeholders, the incumbent will provide following
services:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Collect and collate a range of time series data on selected countries in ASEAN.
In consultation with the Climate Change and Bioenergy Officer, the Regional BEFS
Expert and bioenergy technical staff, NRC Division, create a series of graphs, figures and
tables using the data collected.
Compile an electronic database of reports on the following topics for each selected
ASEAN country:
a. General economic situation and outlook;
b. Agriculture sector and policy;
c. Poverty and food security situation and policy;
d. Energy sector development and policy;
e. Bioenergy development and policy; and
f. Natural resource and environment situation and policy.
In consultation with the Climate Change and Bioenergy Officer, the Regional BEFS
Expert and bioenergy technical staff, NRC Division, prepare BEFS country power-point
presentations for each of the selected ASEAN country.
In consultation with the Climate Change and Bioenergy Officer, the Regional BEFS
Expert and bioenergy technical staff, NRC Division, draft BEFS country profiles for each
selected ASEAN country.
Prepare a final report at the end of the assignment, according to FAO standards.
Duty Station: Bangkok
Duration: 60 days
Expected Outputs:
 Country data sheets for each participating AMS.
 Key graphs, figures and tables as identified in consultation with project leaders;
 7 BEFS country profiles;
 7 BEFS country profile power-point presentations; and
 An electronic database of reports and data sources used to draft the country profiles.
26
Technical Backstopping FAO by the
Natural Resources and Environment Group (NRE) RAP
(45 days in 10 missions including regional meetings)
Under the overall responsibility of the Budget Holder and the technical responsibility of the
Director, Natural Resources and Environment Group (NRE) and in close interaction with LTU
in the Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAORAP), FAO Representative Offices in the
participating countries, the counterpart organizations, national government and project staff,
technical backstopping from NRE will:
1) Act as lead technical officer for the project.
2) In close consultation with the Regional BEFS Expert, National BEFS Capacity Building
Coordinators and Junior Bioenergy Data Analyst prepare detailed project work plans.
3) Review progress through regular contact with project stakeholders and the regional
consultant team.
4) Consult with ASEC to organize regional SOM-AMAF+3 (and SOME+3 as requested)
meetings.
5) Assist the Regional BEFS Expert and National BEFS Capacity Building Coordinators to
develop BEFS capacity building and training programs.
6) Participate in and assist with national BEFS capacity building workshops.
7) Prepare back to office reports.
27
Technical Backstopping FAO Supervisory Technical Services
Trade and Markets Division (EST)
(30 days, based in Rome)
Under the overall responsibility of the Budget Holder and the technical supervision and
guidance of the Director, Trade and Markets Division (EST) and in close interaction with LTU
in the Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAORAP), FAO Representative Offices in the
participating countries, the counterpart organizations, national government and project staff,
technical backstopping from EST will:
1) Develop a regional commodity outlook for ASEAN taking special account of national
bioenergy policies in AMS using the AGLINK-Commodities Simulation Model
(COSIMO); and
2) Produce a report on the model findings including an assessment of regional bioenergy
development policies impact in AMS on factors such as agricultural production, utilization,
imports, exports, stocks and prices for key agricultural commodities and bioenergy
feedstock.
28
ANNEX: 5
Workshop details
NATIONAL WORKSHOPS
Title: National BEFS Capacity Building Workshops in participating AMS (x6)
BEFS Capacity Building Workshops will be held in six selected AMS. The objective of these
workshops will be to assess the current status of bioenergy development in each AMS and
improve the capacity of policy makers from each participating AMS to evaluate bioenergy
developments using the FAO BEFS analytical framework. As part of the workshop program,
FAO will be providing detailed instruction on the BEFS analytical framework. During the
event participants will be asked to consider how BEFS might be applied to their particular
country context. Hosting of the event will be handled jointly by ASEC, the relevant NBPB and
local stakeholder institutions. In Cambodia, Lao PDR and Vietnam these workshops will also
be organized in partnership with ADB. The national capacity building workshops will be two
to three days and will be organized and facilitated by national consultants with training support
provided by FAO staff and the Regional BEFS consultant. Translation services will be
provided at each workshop.
REGIONAL MEETINGS
Title: SOM-AMAF+3 (and SOME+3 if agreed) (x2) – Bioenergy and food security in
ASEAN
At least two senior officials meetings and workshops will be held at the inception and close of
the project. All AMS and AP3 Countries will be invited to participate. The objective of the
inception meeting will be to identify areas for regional cooperation and collaboration on the
topic of bioenergy and food security and agree on project operating mechanism and a project
implementation plan. The objective of the closing meeting will be to review the achievements
of the project and agree on a follow-up implementation strategy for the national and regional
BEFS mainstreaming strategies. The regional meetings will also involve key policy makers and
stakeholders around the ASEAN region. The inception meeting will be held in Thailand and
funded by the project. Hosting of the meeting will be handled jointly by FAO and ASEC. The
closing meeting will be held in Jakarta with ASEC providing the venue and logistical support.
Hosting of the meeting will be handled jointly by FAO and ASEC.
29
Title: ASEAN Plus Three Forum on Biomass Energy (AP3FBE)
A special AP3FBE will be organized to coincide with the project activities. The objective of
the meeting will be to understand how bioenergy can better contribute to reducing energy costs
in the agriculture sector and improving rural energy access in ASEAN. The Forum will also
include special sessions on BEFS including an opportunity for the project team to present the
outcomes of the SOM-AMAF+3 & SOME+3 inception meeting and receive feedback on
planned project activities. The forum will involve at least 60 representatives from public and
private sector bioenergy organizations in the ASEAN region. The forum will be organized in
partnership with ASEC and AP3 Countries. It is expected that the project will contribute part
of the funding for the event.
30
Annex: 6
Contract overviews
Regional assessment on natural resources for bioenergy production
A regional research organization will be contracted to conduct a desktop assessment on
bioenergy development in ASEAN and its implications for land, water and biomass resources.
The assessment will include the following elements: 1) A region-wide synthesis of all available
materials on the suitability and availability of land for biofuel and bioenergy feedstock
production in ASEAN; 2) A regional water footprint assessment with a particular focus on
bioenergy requirements; and 3) A regional assessment of woody biomass and biomass residues
for bioenergy production. The final report will identify preliminary findings of the possible
implications of increased bioenergy output in ASEAN for the region’s natural resource base,
identify issues that require further detailed investigation and make recommendations for further
immediate action.
Budget: USD 65,000
Regional asessment bioenergy systems and technologies suitable for AMS
A regional research organization will be contracted to conduct a region-wide, desktop
assessment of existing bioenergy systems in ASEAN and their economic costs and benefits.
The assessment will detail the scale of investment, cost and greenhouse gas emissions per unit
of energy generation for a range of bioenergy technologies and systems currently used in
ASEAN. The final report will catalog a range of experience with bioenergy systems that have
been adopted in the region and highlight significant success stories. It will also present
preliminary findings regarding the potential to establish regional standards for climate-friendly,
food secure and sustainable bioenergy technologies and systems.
Budget: USD 37,800
Regional assessment on the macroeconomic impact of regional bioenergy developments
and household food security
A regional research organization will be contracted to conduct a region-wide assessment of the
potential macroeconomic impacts of planned regional bioenergy developments and
implications for food security in the region; particularly amongst rural and urban poor. The
assessment will complement the AGLINK-COSIMO modeling undertaken by EST and employ
Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modeling to assess the effects of bioenergy
developments on variables such as poverty reduction, agricultural sector growth, cross-border
trade, GDP growth and employment. The final report will identify preliminary findings of the
possible regional implications of increased bioenergy output in ASEAN at the macroeconomic
level and identify issues that require further detailed investigation and make recommendations
for further immediate action.
Budget: USD 50,000
31
ANNEX: 7
ASEAN Announcements regarding bioenergy and food security
Relevant bioenergy and food security related announcements of ASEAN Heads of
State/Government and Ministers:
Cha-am Hua Hin Statement on ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation on Food Security and
Bio-Energy Development
We, the Heads of State/Government of the Member States of the Association of Southeast
Asian Nations (ASEAN), the People’s Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea,
on the occasion of the 12th ASEAN Plus Three Summit in Cha-am Hua Hin, Thailand, on 24
October 2009....
.... DO HEREBY DECLARE TO:....
....3. Strengthen ASEAN Plus Three partnership in developing the ASEAN Food Security
Information System (AFSIS) to ensure long-term adequacy of staple food supply through the
regional mechanism of the ASEAN Plus Three agricultural cooperation framework;....
....5. Task our Agriculture and Forestry Ministers in consultations with relevant Ministers and
international institutions to develop a comprehensive strategy on sustainable and integrated
food and biofuels production and consumption that will promote a better allocation of
resources for the production of both food and bio-fuels, which will ensure the compatibility
with food production, and report to the ASEAN Plus Three Summit in 2010;....
....9. Promote bio-energy trade and technology innovation to ensure longterm viability of bioenergy, including exploring the possibility of formulating regional policies on bio-energy trade
that addresses the issues of the environment, land utilization and food security;....
....10. Enhance the partnership with regional and international organizations to promote
collaborative research and development, and technology transfer in food security and bioenergy, especially second-generation bio-fuels, and the new technologies for the use of
alternative energy;....
Joint Press Statement of the Tenth Meeting of the ASEAN Ministers on Agriculture and
Forestry and the Ministers of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Japan and
the Republic of Korea (10th AMAF Plus Three)
Phnom Penh, 24 October 2010
....3. The Ministers welcomed and supported the ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation Strategy on
Food, Agriculture and Forestry with the goal to ensure long-term food security and to improve
the livelihoods of farmers in the ASEAN and Plus Three Countries. The Cooperation Strategy
provides a comprehensive framework to foster cooperation among the ASEAN Plus Three
countries in the areas of Strengthening Food Security, Biomass Energy Development,
Sustainable Forest Management, Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation, Animal Health
and Disease Control, and Cross-Cutting Issues (i.e. enhancement of capacity-building and
human resource development; strengthening of information and knowledge networking and
exchange; enhancement of productivity, quality and marketability of agriculture and
agricultural products; and strengthening collaboration on research and development)....
32
Excerpts of the Special SOM-32nd AMAF Meeting, August 2011
Item 6.4
ASEAN Plus Three Strategy on Food Security and Bio-Energy
.... 4. The Meeting also requested ASEAN Secretariat to expedite the finalisation of the
proposed arrangement with FAO Regional Office in Bangkok for the possibility of conducting
a high-level meeting between SOM-AMAF+3 and SOME+3, which would be an opportunity
for both sectoral bodies to discuss in detail, the fine tuning and implementation of the APTCSFSBD....
Excerpts from the statement of the 34th ASEAN Ministers on Agriculture and Forestry
(AMAF) Meeting, September 2012
…15. We particularly noted the good progress of collaborative initiatives with dialogue and
development partners related to climate change, namely: German-ASEAN Programme on
Response to Climate Change: Agriculture, Forestry and related Sectors (GAP-CC); ASEANSwiss Partnership on Social Forestry and Climate Change (ASFCC); ASEAN-Korea Network
on Climate Change Adaptation in Aquaculture; impacts of climate change in the fisheries and
aquaculture sector under the Maximizing Agricultural Revenue through Knowledge, Enterprise
Development, and Trade Project (MARKET); Workshop on Climate Change Adaptation and
Mitigation in Agriculture Sector in India and ASEAN Countries; ASEAN-Australia
Development Cooperation Programme Phase II (AADCP II) Project on REDD Plus; and new
initiative with FAO on Biomass Energy for Food Security. We also noted the outcomes and
supported the recommendations of the 1st Ad-hoc Steering Committee on Climate Change and
Food Security to effectively monitor the progress of work and coordinate activities (i.e.
Climate Smart Agriculture, and low carbon green growth in agriculture and forestry sectors)
being implemented by various subsidiary bodies and partners….
Excerpts from the statement of the 12th Meeting of The ASEAN Ministers of Agriculture
and Forestry and the Ministers of Agriculture of The People's Republic of China, Japan
and the Republic of Korea (12th AMAF Plus Three), September 2012
….6. Guided by the Cha-am Hua Hin Statement on ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation on Food
Security and Bioenergy Development adopted by the ASEAN Plus Three Leaders in 2009, We
noted progress of cooperation activities in promoting biomass energy towards agriculture and
rural development. We recognized the importance of and supported the planned collaboration
between the agriculture and energy sector to ensure synergy of efforts in sustainable bioenergy
development and achieving food security….
33
TCP General Provisions
1.
The achievement of the objectives set by the project shall be the joint responsibility of
the government and FAO.
2.
As part of its contribution to the project, the government shall agree to make available
the requisite number of qualified national personnel and the buildings, training
facilities, equipment, transport and other local services necessary for the
implementation of the project.
3.
The government shall assign authority for the project within the country to a
government agency, which shall constitute the focal point for cooperation with FAO in
the execution of the project, and which shall exercise the government's responsibility in
this regard.
4.
Project equipment, materials and supplies provided out of Technical Cooperation
Programme funds shall normally become the property of the government immediately
upon their arrival in the country, unless otherwise specified in the agreement. The
government shall ensure that such equipment, materials and supplies are at all times
available for use of the project and that adequate provision is made for their safe
custody, maintenance and insurance. Vehicles remain the property of FAO, unless
otherwise specified in the agreement.
5.
Subject to any security provisions in force, the government shall furnish to FAO and to
its personnel on the project, if any, such relevant reports, tapes, records and other data
as may be required for the execution of the project.
6.
The selection of FAO project personnel, of other persons performing services on behalf
of FAO in connection with the project, and of trainees, shall be undertaken by FAO,
after consultation with the government. In the interest of rapid project implementation,
34
the government shall undertake to expedite to the maximum degree possible its
procedures for the clearance of FAO personnel and other persons performing services
on behalf of FAO and to dispense with, wherever possible, clearance for short-term
FAO personnel.
7.
The government shall apply to FAO, its property, funds and assets, and to its staff, the
provisions of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized
Agencies. Except as otherwise agreed by the government and FAO in the Project
Document, the government shall grant the same privileges and immunities contained in
the Convention to all other persons performing services on behalf of FAO in connection
with the execution of the project.
8.
With a view to the rapid and efficient execution of the project, the government shall
grant to FAO, its staff, and to all other persons performing services on behalf of FAO,
the necessary facilities including:
i)
the prompt issuance, free of charge, of any visas or permits required;
ii)
any permits necessary for the importation and, where appropriate, the
subsequent exportation, of equipment, materials and supplies required for use
in connection with the project and exemption from the payment of all customs
duties or other levies or charges relating to such importation or exportation;
iii)
exemption from the payment of any sales or other tax on local purchases of
equipment, materials and supplies for use in connection with the project;
iv)
payment of transport costs within the country, including handling, storage,
insurance and all other related costs, with respect to equipment, materials or
supplies for use in connection with the project;
v)
the most favourable legal rate of exchange;
vi)
assistance to FAO staff, to the extent possible, in obtaining suitable
accommodation;
vii)
any permits necessary for the importation of property belonging to and
intended for the personal use of FAO staff or of other persons performing
services on behalf of FAO, and for the subsequent exportation of such
property;
viii)
prompt customs clearance of the equipment, materials, supplies and property
referred to in subparagraphs (ii) and (vii) above.
9.
The Government shall appoint a National Project Coordinator (NPC), as envisaged in
the Project Document, to carry out the functions and activities specified in the agreement. In
some cases, it may be necessary for FAO to request, in writing, the NPC to incur specific
commitments or obligations or to make specific payments on behalf of FAO. In such cases,
the project may advance to the NPC project monies, up to the amounts allowed by and in
accordance with current FAO rules and regulations. In this event the Government agrees to
indemnify FAO and to make good to it, any losses that may arise from any irregularity in the
maintenance of the advanced FAO’s monies on the part of the NPC.
35
10.
The government shall deal with any claim which may be brought by third parties
against FAO or its staff, or against any person performing services on behalf of FAO, and shall
hold them harmless in respect of any claim or liability arising in connection with the project,
unless the government and FAO should agree that the claim or liability arises from gross
negligence or wilful misconduct on the part of the individuals mentioned above.
11.
The persons performing services on behalf of FAO, referred to in paragraphs 6, 7, 8 and
10, shall include any organization, firm or other entity, which FAO may designate to take part
in the execution of the project.
36