1 Common Scientific Abbreviations °C degree Celsius µA
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Common Scientific Abbreviations Arg, R argenine °C µA µCi µg µl degree Celsius microampere microcurie microgram microliter ASAT Asn, N Asp, D ATP ATPase aspartate aminotransferase asparagine aspartate adenosine triphosphate adenosine triphosphatase µm 2D 3D A a Å micrometer two-dimensional three-dimensional ampere year angstrom (10-10 m) av. BFP BHK BOD bp BrdU average blue fluorescent protein baby hamster kidney biochemical oxygen demand base pair bromodeoxyuridine A. dest. aa Ab Ac ACE Aqua destillata amino acid(s) antibody acetyl angiotensin-converting enzyme BSA BTN But ca. CaM bovine serum albumin biotine butyl circa Calmodulin ACh AChE ACTH Ade ADH acetylcholine acetylcholine esterase Adrenocorticotropin adenine alcohol dehydrogenase cAMP Car CAT CCD CD cyclic AMP carnitine chloramphenicol acetyltransferase charge-coupled device cluster of differentiation ADH Ado, A ADP AIDS α-KGA antidiuretic hormone adenosine adenosine diphosphate acquired immune deficiency syndrome α-ketoglutarate cd Cdk cDNA CDP Cer candela Cyclin-dependent kinase complementary DNA cytidine diphosphate ceramide ALA Ala, A ALAT alk. AMP aminolevulinic acid alanine alanine aminotransferase alkaline adenosine monophosphate cf. CFP cfu cGMP CHAPS confer (see, compare) cyan fluorescent protein colony forming unit cyclic GMP 3-(3-cholamidopropyl)diethylammonio 1 propanesulfonate Amp AP APC APS aq. ampicillin alkaline phosphatase antigen presenting cell Ammonium peroxosulfate aqueous CHO Cho Chol Chym Ci Chinese hamster ovary choline cholesterol Chylomicron Curie Ara arabinose Cir citruline 1 2 Cit citrate dil. dilute(d), dilution CL Cm CMP CMV CNS cardiolipine Chloramphenicol cytidine monophosphate cytomegaliavirus central nervous system DME DMF DMSO DNA DNase Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium dimethylformamide dimethyl sulfoxide deoxyribonucleic acid deoxyribonuclease CoA CoB12 COD CoF = FH4 Con A conc. coenzima A cobalamine chemical oxygen demand tetrahydrofolate concanavalin A concentration, concentrated dNDP dNMP DNP dNTP DOC dpm mixture of dADP, dCDP, dGDP,dTDP mixture of dAMP, dCMP, dGMP,dTMP dinitrophenyl mixture of dATP, dCTP, dGTP,dTTP dissolved organic carbon disintegrations per minute const. CoQ cpm cps Cr constant ubichinone counts per minute counts per second creatine dps dRib dTDP dTMP DTT disintegrations per second 2-deoxyribose 2'-deoxythymidine diphosphate 2'-deoxythymidine monophosphate dithiothreitol Csh CTAB CTP Cyd, C Cyo cystine cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide cytidine triphosphate cytidine cytosine dTTP e.g. EC50 ECL ECM 2'-deoxythymidine triphosphate exempli gratia (for example) median effective concentration enhanced chemiluminescence extracellular matrix Cys, C Cyt d d Da cysteine cytochrome density day dalton EDTA EGF EGFP EGTA ELISA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid epidermal growth factor enhanced GFP ethyleneglycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N’-tetraacetic acid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay DAB DAG DAPI dATP dCTP 3,3-diaminobenzidine diacylglycerol 6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole 2'-deoxyadenine triphosphate 2'-deoxycytidine triphosphate EM ER EST est. Et electron microscopy endoplasmic reticulum expressed sequence tag estimate, estimated ethyl DEAE deg. DEPC dev. dGTP diethylaminiethyl degrees diethylpyrocarbonate deviation 2'-deoxyguanosine triphosphate et al. etc. EtN EtOH evapn. at alii (and others) et cetera (and so forth) ethanolamine ethanol evaporation diam. diameter F0 parental generation 3 4 F1 first filial generation GMP guanosine monophosphate F2 FACS F-actin FAD FADH2 second filial generation fluorescence-activated cell sorter filamentous actin flavine adenine dinucleotide reduced FAD Gra Gri Gro GSH GSSG glyceraldehyde glycerate glycerol reduced glutathione oxidised glutathione FAK FBS FCS Fd Fe/S FFA focal adhesion kinase fetal bovine serum fetal calf serum ferredoxine iron-sulphur cluster free fatty acid GST GTP GTPase Gua Guo, G h glutathione S-transferase guanosine triphosphate guanosine triphosphatase guanine guanosine hour FGF FID Fig. FISH FITC fibroblast growth factor flame ionization detector figure fluorescent in situ hybridization fluorescein isothiocyanate HA HAT Hb HBS HBSS hemagglutinin hypoxanthine, aminopterine, thymidine haemoglobin HEPES buffered saline Hanks’ balanced salt solution fl. FMN FMNH2 FPLC FRAP fluid flavine mononucleotide reduced FMN fast protein liquid chromatography fluorescence recovery after photobleaching HBV Hcy HDL HEK293 HeLa hepatitis B virus homoserine high density lipoprotein human embryonal kidney cells Henrietta Lacks cells (cervical cancer) Fru Fum g g G418 fructose fumarate unit of gravity gram geneticin HEPES His, H HIV HLA HMG N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethane sulfonic acid histidine human immunodeficiency virus human leucocyte antigen β-hydroxy-β-methyl-glutarate GABA Gal GC GDP Gent γ-aminobutyric acid galactose gas chromatography guanosine diphosphate gentamycin hnRNA hPa HPLC HRP HUVEC heterogeneous nuclear RNA hectopascal high performance liquid chromatography horseradish peroxidase human umbilical vein endothelial cells GFP Glc Gln, Q GLP Glu, E green fluorescent protein glucose glutamine good laboratory practice glutamate Hyp i.e. i.l. i.m. i.p. hypoxanthine id est (that is) intraluminal(ly) intramuscular(ly) intraperitoneal(ly) Gly, G gyicine i.v. intravenous(ly) 5 6 IC50 median inhibitory concentration m meter ICAM Ict IDL IEF IFN intercellular adhesion molecule isocitrate intermediate density lipoprotein isoelectric focusing interferon M mA mAb MAG MAPK molar (mol/l) milliampere monoclonal antibody monoacyl glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase Ig IL Ile, I Ino, I Ins insol. immunoglobulin interleukin isoleucine inosine inositol insoluble max. mCi MD MDCK MDR Me maximum millicurie missing data Madin–Darby canine kidney multi drug resistance methyl InsP3, IP3 IPTG IR IU J inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside infrared international unit joule MEM MeOH MES Met, M mg Eagle’s minimum essential medium methanol 2-(N-morpholino)ethane sulfonic acid methionine milligram JNK K Kan kb kbp c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase Kelvin kanamycin kilobase kilobase pair MHC MIC min min. mixt. major histocompatibility complex minimal inhibitory concentration minute minimum mixture(s) kDa kg kJ l LA kilodalton kilogram kilojoule liter lipoamide ml Mlt mm MNC mo milliliter malate millimeter mononuclear cells month Lac LB LC50 LD50 LDH lactate Luria broth (medium) median lethal concentration median lethal dose lactate dehydrogenase MOI mol mol wt MOPS Mr multiplicity of infection mole molecular weight 3-(N-morpholino)propansulfonic acid relative molecular mass LDL Leu, L liq. LPS LT50 low density lipoprotein leucine liquid lipopolysaccharide median lethal time mRNA MS ms Mse MTT messenger RNA mass spectrometry millisecond selenomethionine 3(4,5-dimehtylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium salt Lys, K lysine N normal (concentration of ionizable groups) 7 8 n number in a study or group PBS phosphate-buffered saline NA NAD(P)+ NAD(P)H NBD NBT numerical aperture nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) reduced NAD(P) nitrobenzoxadiazole nitro(blue)tetrazolium chloride PC PCA PCB PCR PDGF phosphatidyl choline perchloric acid polychlorinated biphenyl polymerase chain reaction platelet-derived growth factor NC ND NDP Neo NEPHGE NGF nitrocellulose not determined mixture of ADP, CDP, GDP, UDP neomycin nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis nerve growth factor PE PEG PEP PFA PFGE pfu phosphatidyl ethanolamine polyethylenglycol phophoenolpyruvate paraformaldehyde pulsfield gel electrophoresis plaque forming unit NK NLS nm NMP NMR natural killer nuclear localization signal nanometer mixture of AMP, CMP, GMP, UMP nuclear magnetic resonance PGX PG pH Ph Phe, P prostaglandin X phosphatidyl glycerol negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration phenyl phenylalanine No. NP-40 NS NSF nt number Nonidet P-40 not significant N-ethyl-maleimide sensitive fusion protein nucleotide Pi pI PI PID PIPES inorganic orthophosphate isoelectric point phosphatidyl inositol photo-ionization detection Piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethansulfonic acid) NTP Nuc, N OAA OD OMP mixture of ATP, CTP, GTP, UTP nucleoside oxalacetate optical density orotidine monophosphate PKA pKa PKB PKC PKG protein kinase A negative logarithm of the dissociation constant protein kinase B protein kinase C protein kinase G ONC ONPG Ord, O ORF Orn overnight culture o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside orotidine open reading frame ornithine PLC PLP PMA PMN PMP phospholipase C pyridoxal phosphate phorbol myristate acetate polymorphonuclear leukocyte pyridoxamine phosphate Oro osM oxid. PAGE PAH orotate osmolar oxidation, oxidysing, oxidysed polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PMSF PPi ppm. Pro, P Prop phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride pyrophosphate parts per million proline propyl PAPS 3'-phosphoadenosyl-5'-phosphosulfate PS phosphatidyl serine 9 10 Ptd phosphatidyl sic. thus, so (used in citations to indicate that the preceding is not a copying error) Puo, R Pur PVDF Pyd, Y Pyl purine nucleoside purine polyvinylidenfluoride pyrimidine nucleoside pyrrollysine siRNA SNAP SNARE soln. sp. act. small interfering RNA soluble NSF attachment protein SNAP receptor solution specific activity Pym Pyr r RBC red. rER pyrimidine pyruvate correlation coeficient red blood cell reduction, reducing, reduced rough endoplasmic reticulum Sph Spm SSC SSCP ssDNA STR sphingosine spermidine sodium salt citrate single strand conformation polymorphism single strand DNA short tandem repeat RFLP RIA Rib RNA RNAi restriction fragment length polymorphism radioimmunoassay ribose ribonucleic acid RNA interference SU Succ SV40 t1/2 Tab. subunit succinate simian virus 40 half-life, half-time table RNase RNP rpm rRNA RT ribonuclease ribonucleoprotein revolutions per minute ribosomal RNA room temperature TAE TAG Tau TB TBE tris-acetate-EDTA buffer triacyl glyceride taurine terrific broth (medium) tris-borate-EDTA buffer RT-PCR s S s s.c. reverse transcription PCR sedimentation coeficient Svedberg unit of sedimentation coeficient second subcutaneous TBS TCA TCA TE TEMED Tris-buffered saline trichloroacetic acid tricarboxylic acid cycle tris-EDTA N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-ethylendiamine Sac = Suc SAH = AdoHcy SAM = AdoMet sat. SD saccharose = sucrose S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine S-adenosyl-methionine saturated standard deviation temp. Tet TFA TGF TGN temperature tetracyclin trifluoroacetic acid transforming growth factor trans-Golgi network SDS SE Sec SEM sER sodium dodecyl sulfate standard error selenocysteine standard error of the mean smooth endoplasmatic reticulum Thd, T Thr, T Thy TLC TMB thymidine threonine thymine thin layer chromatography 3,3,5,5-trimethylbenzidine Ser, S serine TNF tumor necrosis factor (α) 11 12 TOC total organic carbon TPP Tris TRITC tRNA Trp, W thiamine pyrophosphate tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate transfer RNA tryptophane t-SNARE t-test TUNEL Tyr, Y U UDP target membrane SNARE Student’s t-test Tdt-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling tyrosine unit uridine diphosphate UMP Ura Urd, U USE UTP uridine monophosphate uracil uridine unique site elimination uridine triphosphate UTR UV Val, V VLDL vol. untranslated region ultraviolet valine very low density lipoprotein volume vs. W w/v WGA wk versus (against) watt weight per volume wheat germ agglutinin week wt Xan Xao, X XGal YAC weight xanthine xantosine 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl-β-D-galactopyranoside yeast artificial chromosome YFP YNB YPD YT Zeo yellow fluorescent protein yeast nitrogen base yeast peptone dextrose yeast tryptone Zeocin 13
