SOLUBILITY OF FRUCTOSE DIPHOSPHATE SODIUM IN AQUEOUS
ALCOHOL MIXTURES
Yanfei Wang, Yuxiang Zhu , Xiaoyu Zhao, Zuoliang Sha
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry , College of Marine of Science and
Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
(zsha@tust.edu.cn)
Keywords: Solubility; Fructose Diphosphate Sodium; Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibrium
1.Introduction
Solubility data of fructose diphosphate sodium compounds have a broad application and
great importance in the pharmaceutical industry, such as the solvent selection for the
reaction and separation process. However, a survey of the literature indicates that there
is little work on fructose diphosphate sodium .
Recently, more and more solubility data, determined by the laser monitoring
observation technique, have been published, and the results agree with the known
results[1-4].
2. Experimental Section
2.1 Experimental Materials
Fructose diphosphate sodium used in the experiments was supplied by Huatian
Pharmaceutical Co. with the purity of 99.9 %( wt %). The mixed solvents were prepared
with distilled water and alcohol (Analytically pure).
2.2 Apparatus and Procedure.
The setup for solubility measurements is shown in Figure 1.The apparatus for solubility
measurement is the same as that described in the literature(Li, Wang, 2001) . A laser
beam was used to determine the solubility of the solute in the binary solvent mixture at
a known temperature. The laser monitoring system consisted of a laser generator, a
photoelectric transformer, and a light intensity display. The solubility apparatus
consisted of a jacketed glass vessel maintained at a desired temperature by water
circulated from water circulated from a water bath with a thermoelectric controller (type
501 . China) .Continuous stirring was achieved with a magnetic stir bar. The
thermometer had an uncertainty of ± 0.05K. An analytical balance (type
TG332A,China) with an uncertainty of ± 0.0001g was used during the measurement .
2
3
1
5
6
4
Figure 1.Experimental setup for the measurement of solubility: 1. Laser device 2. Thermometer 3.
Jacketed thermometer cell 4. Magnetic stir plate 5. Laser receiver 6. Recorder
At the beginning of the experiment, predetermined amounts of solute were transferred
into the jacketed vessel, and the corresponding light intensity penetrated through the
solution was recorded down and regarded as the maximum value when the temperature
was set. Then additional solute of known mass was introduced into the vessel, and light
intensity would decrease. If the intensity reaches the previous value , another previous
was made . The above procedure was repeated until the intensity was below the
maximum and constant for more than 30 min. Finally, the total amount of the solute
added was used to compute the solubility . The method for solubility measurement was
based on the fact that the light intensity penetrated through the solution would increase
with the dissolution of the solute when the temperature was gradually increased .
2.3 Experimental data
The solubility data of fructose diphosphate sodium in binary alcohol + water solvent
mixtures at the temperature range from 303.15K to 333.15K are presented in Table 1. It
can be seen that the solubility of fructose diphosphate sodium gradually increases with
the increase of temperature, whereas it decreases with the increase of the fructose
diphosphate sodium .
X×10-6
450
400
alcohol 59.28%
alcohol 39.18%
alcohol 45.37%
alcohol 50.53%
alcohol 55.03%
alcohol 35.17%
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
298
302
306
310
314
318
322
326
330
334
T/ K
Figure 1 Solubility of fructose diphosphate sodium in binary alcohol + water solvent mixtures along
temperature.
3.Data model regression
3.1The results of regression models
Polynomial equation of experience
x = A + B ×T + C ×T 2 + D ×T 3 + E ×T 4
(1)
Where x is the mole fraction solubility of fructose diphosphate sodium in binary alcohol
+ water solvent mixtures , T is the absolute temperature (K) , and A , B ,C ,D and E are
the mole parameters . The values of parameters A , B , C ,D and E are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Parameters of equation 3 for fructose diphosphate sodium in binary alcohol + water solvent
mixtures
w
A
B
10-5C
10-7D
10-10E
R2
0.3517
-8.0731
0.1037
0.9982
-49.9455
10.6824
-8.5615
0.3918
0.7626
-0.009
4.09810
-0.8110
0.5987
0.9967
0.4537
-3.4285
0.0438
-21.0633
4.49033
-3.5875
0.9953
0.5053
1.1677
-0.0145
6.82108
-1.4155
1.1002
0.9999
0.5503
-0.8505
0.0108
-5.1470
1.0892
-0.8638
0.9980
0.5928
0.9603
-0.0120
5.6789
-1.1870
0.9298
0.9995
Apelblat model
ln x1 = A + B / T + C ln(T )
Where x is the mole fraction solubility of fructose diphosphate sodium in binary alcohol
+ water solvent mixtures, T is the absolute temperature , and A , B and C are the mole
parameters . The values of parameters A , B , C are listed in Table 2.
Table 2 Parameters of equation 4 for fructose diphosphate sodium in binary alcohol + water solvent
mixtures
w
A
B
C
R2
0.3517
0.3918
0.4537
0.5053
0.5503
1250.77
1533.83
952.09
2023.39
-63894.63
-76636.50
-49224.54
-99892.63
-183.64
-225.89
-139.93
-298.24
1127.87
-58240.33
-165.63
0.9909
0.9962
0.9886
0.9968
0.9904
0.5928
1459.31
-73661.27
-214.82
0.9922
The experimental and the calculation values of two kinds of model were listed in Table
3,where T is the absolute temperature, δ x is the relative deviation, and xexp and xcal are
the experimental and calculation values of the solubility, respectively.
Table 3 The experimental and the calculation values of fructose diphosphate sodium .
Polynomial
Apelblat
equation
model
T
10-5xexp 10-5xcal
10-5xexp
10-5xcal
δx
δx
303.58
308.45
313.15
317.95
322.45
327.75
332.35
8.47
12.18
16.32
25.20
31.02
38.06
40.45
8.13
12.15
17.31
24.13
31.24
38.31
40.35
298.73
303.57
308.39
313.2
318.03
322.86
327.71
332.48
3.48
5.93
8.49
11.44
16.57
19.10
21.66
24.01
3.60
5.57
8.60
12.15
15.80
19.16
21.95
23.91
298.75
303.59
308.31
313.08
317.97
322.89
327.68
2.68
5.03
7.48
8.79
12.40
16.28
17.83
2.71
5.08
7.07
9.41
12.37
15.64
18.39
W=0.3517
0.0406
0.0028
0.0602
0.0428
0.0069
0.0065
0.0027
W=0.3918
0.0338
0.0619
0.0118
0.0613
0.0470
0.0027
0.0129
0.0045
W=0.4537
0.0077
0.0087
0.0552
0.0703
0.0029
0.0395
0.0311
8.47
12.18
16.32
25.20
31.02
38.06
40.45
8.6
12.83
17.88
23.81
29.78
36.74
42.21
0.0149
0.0531
0.0951
0.0555
0.0401
0.0347
0.0433
3.48
5.93
8.49
11.44
16.57
19.10
21.66
24.01
3.74
5.92
8.72
12.01
15.57
19.01
21.98
24.07
0.0740
0.0030
0.0259
0.0491
0.0609
0.0052
0.0143
0.0022
2.68
5.03
7.48
8.79
12.40
16.28
17.83
3.55
5.18
7.16
9.51
12.20
15.06
17.81
0.3200
0.0286
0.0432
0.0817
0.0166
0.0751
0.0014
332.37
19.67
19.52
298.74
303.48
308.29
313.12
317.95
322.77
327.6
332.43
1.36
2.90
5.07
7.54
9.67
11.50
13.10
14.26
1.36
2.91
5.11
7.48
9.69
11.56
13.05
14.27
298.75
303.58
308.37
313.14
317.94
322.75
327.56
332.33
0.65
2.12
3.58
5.19
6.62
8.01
10.31
11.49
0.62
2.21
3.61
5.03
6.61
8.33
10.05
11.56
298.70
303.56
308.36
313.17
317.9
322.69
327.53
332.29
0.36
0.95
1.77
2.99
3.95
4.90
5.55
6.36
0.38
0.89
1.86
2.96
3.98
4.85
5.60
6.35
0.0077
W=0.5053
0.0019
0.0011
0.0063
0.0091
0.0017
0.0045
0.0043
0.0007
W=0.5503
0.0578
0.0392
0.0068
0.0322
0.0027
0.0387
0.0260
0.0060
W=0.5928
0.0409
0.0642
0.0466
0.0124
0.0056
0.0120
0.0086
0.0030
19.67
20.31
0.0325
1.36
2.90
5.07
7.54
9.67
11.50
13.10
14.26
1.89
3.20
4.99
7.17
9.49
11.64
13.29
14.19
0.38704
0.10084
0.01728
0.05012
0.01898
0.01144
0.01398
0.00491
0.65
2.12
3.58
5.19
6.62
8.01
10.31
11.49
1.50
2.35
3.46
4.83
6.44
8.21
10.03
11.74
1.2795
0.1050
0.0351
0.0707
0.0283
0.0237
0.0279
0.0217
0.36
0.95
1.77
2.99
3.95
4.90
5.55
6.36
0.83
1.35
2.02
2.85
3.77
4.73
5.64
6.37
1.2737
0.4195
0.1366
0.0491
0.0474
0.0364
0.0158
0.0002
4. Conclusion
(1)The experimental results show that the solubility of fructose diphosphate sodium is a
function of temperature, and solubility increase with an increase of temperature. (2) The
solubility decreases with an increase of fructose diphosphate sodiumin in the solvent
mixture, and the solubility in pure alcohol is the lowest.(3) The calculated solubilities of
fructose diphosphate sodium show good agreement with the experimental values, and
the experimental solubility and correlation equation in this work can be used as essential
data and models in the purification process of fructose diphosphate sodium.
References：
[1] Hao, H. X.; Wang, J. K.; Wang, Y. L. Solubility of dexamethasone sodium
phosphate in different solvents. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2004, 49, 1697-1698.
[2] Li, D. Q.; Lin, Y. J.; Evans, D. G.; Duan, X. Solid-liquid equilibria for benzoic acid
+ p-toluic acid + chloroform, benzoic acid + p-toluic acid + acetic acid, and
terephthalic acid + isophthalic acid + N,N-dimethylformamide. J. Chem. Eng. Data
2005, 50, 119-121.
[3] Li,D.-Q.;LiuD.-Z.;Wang,F.-A.SolubilitiesofTerephthaladehydic,p-Toluic, Benzoic,
Terephthalic,and Isophthalic Acids in N-Meth-yl-2-pyrrolidone from 295.65 K to
371.35 K.J.Chen.Eng.Data 2001,46,172-173 .
[4] Li D.-Q.;Liu D.-Z.;Wang F.-A. Solubility of 4-Methylbenzoic Acid between 288 K
and 370 K . J.Chen. Eng. Data 2001,46,234-236.