Research designs
http://www.sportsci.org/2000/1/index.html. Accessed January 16, 2011.
Evidence based Medicine
 Educational Resources Information Center, (2002) Evidence-Based Education in Early
Education. ERIC/EECE Newsletter, Fall, 14, 2.
 National Research Council (2002). Scientific Research in Education. National Research
Council. Natinal Academy Press Washington DC.
http://www.nap.edu/openbook/0309082919/html/21.html. Acessed 16 Jan, 2011.
 Odon, S, Brantlinger, E, Gersten, R., Horner, R., Thompson, B., & Harris, K. (2005).
Research in Special Education: Scientific Methods and Evidence-Based Practices.
Exceptional Children, 71,2, Winter. Council for Exceptional Children. Arlington, VA.
 U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Educational Sciences (2003). Identifying and
Implementing Educational Practices Supported by Rigorous Evidence: A User Friendly
Guide.
Qualitative Research Method Overview
http://www.fhi.org/nr/rdonlyres/etl7vogszehu5s4stpzb3tyqlpp7rojv4waq37elpbyei3t
gmc4ty6dunbccfzxtaj2rvbaubzmz4f/overview1.pdf
Suggested Readings on Qualitative research
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Bernard HR. Research Methods in Anthropology, Second Edition. London: Sage
Publications, 1995.
Denzin NK, Lincoln YS (eds.). Handbook of Qualitative Research. London: Sage
Publications, 2000.
Marshall PA. Human subjects protections, institutional review boards, and cultural
anthropological research. Anthropol Q 2003;76(2):269-85.
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and
Behavioral Research. The Belmont Report. Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the
Protection of Human
Subjects of Research. Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health, 1979. Available:
http://
ohsr.od.nih.gov/guidelines/belmont.html.
Nkwi P, Nyamongo I, Ryan G. Field Research into Social Issues: Methodological
Guidelines.
Washington, DC: UNESCO, 2001.
Pelto P, Pelto G. Studying knowledge, culture and behavior in applied medical
anthropology.
Med Anthropol Q 1997;11(2):147-63.
Pope C, Mays N. Qualitative Research in Health Care. London: BMJ Books, 2000.
Schensul, J, LeCompte M. Ethnographer’s Toolkit. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press,
1999.
Quantitative & Qualitative Analysis
Suggested Readings
 Accessed from:
http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/mult_pkg/whatstat/nominal_ordinal_interval.htm
 Bogdan, R.C. & Biklen, S.K. (2003). Qualitative research for education: An introduction
to theories and methods (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
 Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education.
Thousand Oaks, CA:Sage.
 Mertens, D. M. (2005). Research and evaluation in education and psychology:
Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. (2nd ed).
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Critical Appraisal: Suggested Readings
 What is critical Appraisal
 http://www.medicine.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/painres/download/whatis/What_is_critical_appr
aisal.pdf
 Critical appraisal of Research Evidence
 http://www.health.gov.on.ca/english/providers/program/pubhealth/oph_standards/ophs/pr
ogstds/pdfs/caore.pdf
 Questions for Critical Appraisal of a Research Design
 http://www.clinicalgovernance.scot.nhs.uk/documents/Questions_for_Critical_Appraisal.
pdf
Scientific Publication: Suggested Readings
 Writing for scientific publications
 http://www.jyi.org/resources/320/Guide%20to%20Science%20Writing.pdf
 How to write a paper in scientific journal style and format
 http://abacus.bates.edu/~ganderso/biology/resources/writing/HTWgeneral.html
 Scientific writing booklet
 http://www.biochem.arizona.edu/marc/Sci-Writing.pdf
 Guidelines On Style For Scientific Writing
 http://www.sportsci.org
 Writing convincing research proposals and effective scientific reports
 http://mahider.ilri.org/bitstream/10568/962/6/Writing%2520convincing%2520proposalMahider.pdf
Suggested Readings for scientific writing
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Coates R et. al. Language and publication in Cardiovascular Research articles.
Cardiovasc Res 2002; 53: 279-85
Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History by Stephen Jay Gould; W.
W. Norton; 1989; ISBN 0-393-02705-8
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K Hyland K and Salager-Meyer F. Scientific Writing. ARIST (Annual Review of
Information Science and Technology). 2008;297-339
O’Donnell M. The toxic effect of language on medicine. Journal of the Royal College of
Physicians of London 1995;29(6):525-529
O’Donnell M. Evidence-based illiteracy. Time to rescue “the literature” The Lancet
2000;355:489-491
Hoffmann R. Under the surface of the Chemical Article. Angew chem. Int Ed Engl
1988;27(12):1593-1764
Medawar P.B. Is the scientific Paper a fraud? The Listener September 12 1963 page 377378
Atkinson D. The Evolution of medical Research Writing from 1735 to 1985: The Case of
the Edinburgh Medical Journal. Applied Linguistics 1992;13:337-374
Salager-Meyer, F, G. Defives and M. Hamelinsck. Epistemic modality in 19th and 20th
century medical English written discourse: a principal component analysis. Journal of
Applied Linguistics. 1996;10(2):163-199.
Gregory MW. The Infectiousness of pompous prose. Nature 1992 360;11-12
Kirkman J. Third person, past tense, passive voice for scientific writing. Who says?
European Science Editing 2001;27(1)4-5.
Webster R. Let’s re-write the scientific paper. European Journal of Soil Science
2003;54:215-218
Anton T. Bold Science. W.H. Freeman and Company New York, 2000; ISBN 0-71673512-1
Dawkins R. The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing. Oxford University Press,
2008; ISBN 978-0-19-921680-2
Reese DM. Restoring the literary to medical writing. The Lancet.1999;353:585-586
Web links for scientific writing
 http://www.organicworldwide.net/writing.html
 http://www.ag.iastate.edu/aginfo/checklist.html - Word Usage In Scientific Writing
 http://www.sportsci.org/jour/9901/wghstyle.html - Guidelines On Style For Scientific
Writing
 http://www.mang.canterbury.ac.nz/courseinfo/AcademicWriting/Scientific.htm
The Science of Scientific Writing; George D. Gopen and Judith A. Swan American Scientist,
Volume 78. http://mason.gmu.edu/~arichar6/logic.htm
Book sources
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American Medical Association Manual of Style: a Guide for Authors and Editors, 9th
ed.; Williams & Wilkins: Baltimore, 1998.
Atlas, Michel C. Author's Handbook of Styles for Life Science Journals; Iverson, Cheryl,
Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, 1996.
Byrne, Daniel W. Publishing your Medical Research Paper: What They Don't Teach You
in Medical School; Williams & Wilkins: Baltimore, 1998.
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Gehlbach, Stephen H. Interpreting the Medical Literature, 4th ed.; McGraw Hill Medical
Publishing Division: New York, 2002.
Matthews, Janice R.; Bowen, John M.; Matthews, Robert W. Successful Scientific
Writing: a Step-bystep Guide for Biomedical Scientists, 2nd ed; Cambridge University
Press: New York, 2000.
McMillan, Vicky. Writing Papers in the Biological Sciences, 3rd ed.; Bedford Books:
Boston, 2001.
Pechenik, Jan A. A Short Guide to Writing about Biology, 4th ed.; Longman: New York,
2001.
Zeiger, Mimi. Essentials of Writing Biomedical Research Papers, 2nd ed.; McGraw-Hill,
Health
Professions Division: New York, 2000
Research Methods: Suggested Readings
 Abramson JH (1990, 4th ed.) Survey Methods in Community Medicine. London:
Churchill-Livingstone.
 Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Kjellström T (1993) Basic Epidemiology. Geneva: World Health
Organization.
 Campbell DT, Stanley JC (1963) Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for
Research. Chicago: Rand McNally.
 Doll R and Hill AB (1950) Smoking and carcinoma of the lung: Preliminary report. Br.
Med. J. 2:739-748.
 Gordis L (1996) Epidemiology. Philadelphia USA: W.B. Saunders Company.
 Holland W, Detels R, and Knox G (ed.) (1984-85) Oxford Textbook of Public Health,
Volumes 1-4. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
 Katzenellenbogen JM, Joubert G, Abdool Karim SS (1997) Epidemiology; A manual for
South Africa. Capetown: Oxford University Press.
 Kidder LH, Judd CM (1987) Research Methods in Social Relations. Hong Kong: CBS
Publishing Japan Ltd.
 Moser CA, Kalton G (1989, 2nd ed.) Survey Methods in Social Investigation. Hants, UK:
Gower Publishing Company.
 Patton MQ (1990, 2nd ed.) Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. Newbury Park,
USA: Sage Publications.
Case Control Studies: Suggested Readings
 Andersen P K, Borgan, Gill, R.D. & Keiding N. Statistical Models Based on Counting
Processes. Springer Verlag.1992.New York.
 Andersen, P.K. & Gill, R.D. Cox’s regression model for counting processes: a large
sample study, Annals of Statistics 10. 1982:1100–1120.
 Arratia R, Goldstein L, Langholz B. Local central limit theorems, the high order
correlations of rejective sampling, and logistic likelihood asymptotics, Annals of
Statistics. 2005; to appear.
 Benichou, J. & Gail, M.H. (1995). Methods of inference for estimates of absolute risk
derived from populationbased case-control studies, Biometrics 51.1995:182–194.
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Borgan. Estimation of covariate-dependent markov transition probabilities from nested
case-control data, Statistical Methods in Medical Research. 2002:11, 183–202.
Borgan, Goldstein L., Langholz B.. Methods for the analysis of sampled cohort data in
the Cox proportional hazards model, Annals of Statistics 23. 1195:1749–1778.
Borgan, Langholz B. Non-parametric estimation of relative mortality from nested casecontrol studies, Biometrics 1993:49, 593–602.
Ethics:Suggested Readings
Ethics of Informed Consent
http://www.sociologyandsocialpolicy.soton.ac.uk/proj/informedconsent/index.htm
 Lynöe N, Hyder N. Obtaining Informed Consent in Bangladesh. N Engl J Med 2001,
344:460-461.
 Hyder AA, Wali SA. Informed consent and collaborative research: perspectives from the
developing world. Dev World Bioeth 2006, 6:33-40.
 Jafarey AM, Farooqui A. Informed consent in the Pakistani milieu: the physician's
perspective. J Med Ethics 2005, 31:93-96.
 Bhurgri H, Qidwai W. Awareness of the Process of Informed Consent among Family
Practice Patients in Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc 2004, 54:398.
 Yousuf RM, Fauzi ARM, How SH, Rasool AG, Rehana K. Awareness, knowledge and
attitude towards informed consent among doctors in two different cultures in Asia: a
cross-sectional comparative study in Malaysia and Kashmir, India. Singapore Med J
2007, 48:559-565.
 Uragoda CG: History of Medicine in Sri Lanka Colombo. Sri Lanka Medical Association;
1987.
 Simpson B: Ethics regulation and the new reproductive technologies in Sri Lanka.
perspectives of ethics committee members. Ceylon Med J 2001, 46(2):54-57.
 Kasturiarachchi N, Lie R, Seeberg J. Health Ethics in Six SEAR countries. WHO-SEARO
1999, 1:76-84.
 Drummond R, Yank V. Disclosure to the reader of institutional review board approval
and informed consent. JAMA 1997,277:922-923.
 Rikkert M, ten Have H, Hoefnagels W. Informed consent in biomedical studies on aging:
survey of four journals. BMJ 1996,313:1117-1120.
 Ruiz-Canela M, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Gomez-Gracia E, Fernandez-Crehuet J.
Informed consent and approval by institutional review boards in published reports on
clinical trials. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:1114-1115.
 Bauchner H, Sharfstein J. Failure to report ethical approval in child health research:
review of published papers. BMJ 2001, 323:318-319.
 Karlawish JHT, Hougham GW, Stocking CB, Sachs GA. What is the quality of the
reporting of research ethics in publications of nursing home research? J Am Geriatr Soc
1999, 47:76-81.
 Roggin KK, Chwals WJ, Tracy TF. Institutional review board approval for prospective
experimental studies on infants and children. J Pediatr Surg 2001, 36:205-208.
References links for Resource Material
A. Research Methodology
1. Web centre for social research methods
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/
2. Young Epidemiology Teaching Resource Material
http://www.collegeboard.com/yes/ft/iu/units.html
3. Statistical Material
http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/alphabet.html
4. A to Z of Scientific Methods
http://www.experiment-resources.com/index.html
5. Basic Biostatistics concepts and Tools
http://statcourse.dopm.uab.edu/
6. Social Psychology Network for health Research
http://www.socialpsychology.org/methods.htm
7. Family Health International resource materials
http://www.fhi.org/en/Publications/index.htm
8. Non Communicable Disease and Social Determinants of Health
http://www.searo.who.int/en/Section1174.htm
9. Society for Public Health Education SOPHE Webinar Material
http://www.sophe.org/webinars.cfm
10. General Standards for High-Quality Research
http://research.nichcy.org/research101.asp#process
11. University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center
http://www.src.isr.umich.edu/
12. Evidence based Medicine
http://www.cebm.net/
B. Qualitative software links
1. Product: AccuLine
Free Trial Download: http://www.harpe.ca/Download.php (For PC) Requires access
code.
2. Product: AnSWR
Scope: Primarily text analysis
Free Download: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/software/answr/ver3d.htm
3. Weft QDA: weft-qda-install.exe
C. Data Entry, Management and Analysis Resources
1. EPI INFO: http://www.cdc.gov/epiinfo/
2. OpenEpi: http://www.openepi.com
3. EXCITE: Excellence in Curriculum Integration through Teaching Epidemiology:
http://www.cdc.gov/excite/index.htm
4. NCHS: Statistical Export and Tabulation System: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/sets.htm
5. WINPEPI and EpiCalc 2000: http://www.brixtonhealth.com/
6. R: http://www.r-project.org/
D. Links to Epidemiology Resources
Secondary Data Resources
1. Adolescent Health Survey
http://www.socio.com/srch/summary/afda2/fam48-50.htm
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
http://www.cdc.gov/
3. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hazdat.html
4. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/
5. CDC Wonder and DATA 2010: The Healthy People 2010 Database
http://wonder.cdc.gov/
6. HealthComm KEY
http://www.sph.emory.edu/healthcommkey/index.htm
7. Human Genome Epidemiology Network (HuGENet™) Published Literature Database
http://hugenavigator.net/HuGENavigator/home.do
8. Genomics and Disease Prevention Information System (GDPInfo) database
http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/
9. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html
10. California Health Interview Survey (CHIS)
http://www.chis.ucla.edu/
11. Child Trends DataBank
http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/
12. FedStats
http://www.fedstats.gov/
13. Joint Canada/United States Survey of Health (JCUSH)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/jcush.htm
14. KIDS COUNT
http://www.aecf.org/MajorInitiatives/KIDSCOUNT.aspx
15. National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about.htm
16. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm
17. National Health Interview Survey
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm
18. National Survey of Family Growth
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg.htm
19. National Vital Statistics System
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss.htm
Important General Resources
1. Supercourse: Epidemiology, the Internet and Global Health
www.pitt.edu/~super1/