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The Hollow Metal Manual: Progressive
Solutions for Hollow Metal Doors and Frames
An AIA Continuing Education Program
Credit for this course is 1 AIA HSW CE Hour
Building a Solid Future on the
Foundation of Our Successful Past
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HOLLOW METAL MANUFACTURERS
A S S O C I A T I O N
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An American Institute of Architects (AIA)
Continuing Education Program
•
•
•
•
Course Format: This is a structured, web-based, self study course with a
final exam.
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Course Description
Become better acquainted with the benefits of hollow metal doors.
Gain crucial knowledge for specifying hollow metal doors and
frames through an overview of the Hollow Metal Manual including
fabrication, standards, and applications.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this course the Design Professional will be able to:
• List the fire test requirements, processes and procedures for
obtaining ratings on fire rated doors and frames.
• Explain the hardware requirements and configurations for use in fire
rated doors and frames.
• Describe fire door classifications, listings, labels, and certifications.
• Explain the various fire rated door and frame applications including
requirements for glazing, transoms and other components.
• Navigate the Hollow Metal Manual.
• Describe hollow metals components and options.
• Specify Hollow Metal and Steel Doors in accordance with guidelines
published in the Hollow Metal Manual.
Note: References to pages and figures shown on slides refer to the pages and figures of the subject standards
Technical Summary 890-06
Technical Summary
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•
•
The Hollow Metal Manual is presented in 14 separate sections, in CD-ROM
format or downloadable from the internet. . The Manual provides design
professionals the most current information on manufacturing, door and
frame designs and details, hardware preparation and location, installation
and storage, fire-rated applications, common terms, plus the guide
specifications.
The Hollow Metal Manual guide specifications cover a broad range of door and
frame applications. Hollow Metal Manual:
– 860 addresses doors and frames for light traffic areas.
– 861 covers doors and frames appropriate for use in higher traffic, commercial
applications.
– 862 details doors and frames for commercial security applications;
– 863 covers detention security doors and frames.
– 865 is a guide for swinging sound control doors and frames.
– 866 covers stainless steel hollow metal doors and frames.
– 867 covers hollow metal doors and frames with laminated cores.
These are the Guide Specifications, not general Standards documents.
Introduction to Custom Hollow Metal
• The term "hollow metal work”
refers to many of those components
of building construction that are
made of cold formed sheet metal.
• The variety of door designs available
is limited only by the architect's
ingenuity that complies with all
governing bodies (codes) & the limits
of the manufacturing process.
• The history of the development of
hollow metal doors and frames is a
profile of the genius for combining
beauty with good functional
design while offering an improved
product at reduced cost.
Overview of Hollow Metal
•
•
•
The major advantage of custom
hollow metal is the architect's design
freedom. Where special
requirements so dictate, thicker
material may be used for either
doors or frames, and special
reinforcements are readily provided.
Most frames, whether for a single
door or a larger opening have
accurately fitted and welded
corners, and are shipped as rigidly
assembled units.
Another inherent advantage of
custom work is that shop drawings
of all items are submitted for the
architect's approval.
Glossary of Terms for Hollow Metal
Doors and Frames
The American National Standards
Institute does not develop standards
and will in no circumstances give an
interpretation of any American
National Standard. Moreover, no
person shall have the right or authority
to issue an interpretation of an
American National Standard in the
name of the American National
Standards Institute. The glossary is
used as a resource, not an
interpretation tool. Interpretation
requests should be sent to the
contact listed with the standard
found in the manual.
Glossary
Examples
• Anchor, Rough Buck
a steel channel which attaches
to both vertical sides and head
of a prepared wall opening and
the finished Hollow Metal
Frame, either by application of
screws or by welding
• Gage (Gauge)
an outdated numeric value
used to define a range of
thickness of material; replaced
by “thickness”
• Wicket Door
a swinging door within a door
Hollow Metal Manufacturing
Hollow Metal Manufacturing
•
•
•
•
•
Hot-rolled steel
Cold-rolled steel
Zinc-coated steel
Stainless steel
Applications
Note: the weight of coating in oz./sq.ft. and g/sq.m refers to the total coating on both surfaces
Four Basic Types
Carbon Steel: Four Basic Types
•
•
•
•
Hot-Rolled -- generally 16 gage and
thicker (hot rolling process)
Cold-Rolled -- cold rolling processes hotrolled sheets to desired thickness (most
commonly used material for hollow metal
applications)
Zinc-Coated -- sheets are hot dipped to
produce galvanized and annealed steel
Stainless Steel -- moderately to highly
polished surfaces (for areas where
cleanliness and corrosion resistance are
critical)
Fabrication
Again, hollow metal permits the architect freedom of design. It is important to
have an understanding of materials used and the fabrication process. The
common methods of cutting, forming, and assembling for hollow metal
products are therefore of concern to the architect. These operations
include shearing, blanking, brake forming and welding.
shearing
blanking or punching
forming or bending
welding
finishing
Fabrication
•
SHEARING
Most raw material stock for hollow metal is purchased by the fabricator in the
form of flat sheets which, prior to forming, must be cut to exact sizes.
Shearing is the simplest method of obtaining straight cuts. It is
typically done on a machine called a shear, which consists of a tablelike “bed” on which the sheet to be cut is positioned.
•
BLANKING
Blanking (punching or laser cutting) operations are employed to make the
numerous cutouts in the flat sheared pieces of metal that will later be formed
into hollow metal components. Punching operations are accomplished by
positioning the metal between the upper and lower components of a
die set, usually consisting of lower stationary “die” and an upper
movable punch.
Fabrication
FORMING
• The basic method of forming is common to all sheet metals and is performed
on a machine called a press brake. Fabricators of hollow metal work use
a variety of press brakes in the manufacturing of their products as this
machine offers the widest range of adaptability to forming
requirements. It does have certain limitations, however, as will be
explained.
• Only straight-line bends can be made on the press brake. The bend
radius and angle, which are a function of die design, can be varied over a
wide range.
Fabrication
GENERAL FABRICATION CAPABLITITIES
• One of the inherent characteristics of any cold formed sheet section is that
external corners are rounded and the inside radius for most angular
bends is generally equal to the approximate thickness of the metal
being bent.
• There are also certain other dimensional limitations to be observed in the
design of typical frame members.
• The minimum recommended face dimension of a framing member is 1"
(25.4 mm).
• The minimum hole size to be punched in any part needs to be equal or
greater than the thickness of the material being punched.
Fabrication
WELDING
•
Hollow metal products are generally assembled by welding. Several types of
both fusion welding and resistance welding are commonly employed in
the industry. The usual fusion welding method is metal-arc welding, which is
either shielded or unshielded.
– Fusion Welding
The metal-arc method, using a consumable fluxcoated rod, is commonly
used to weld the miter and butt joints at the frame corners with the welds
usually being placed on the concealed inner face of the frame
members.
– Gas welding is a fusion method with
limited use.
Fabrication
•
Spot welding and projection welding are the most commonly used
resistance welding methods.
– Spot Welding
Spot welding is a type of resistance welding commonly used in the
industry to join two overlapping pieces of metal, face to face.
– Projection Welding
Projection welding is another form of resistance welding often used to
fasten hinge and strike reinforcements on doors and frames, and
floor anchors to the backsides of frames. The part to be attached by
projection welding must first have a small projection of the proper size
formed at the point where the weld is to be made. Several welds can be
made simultaneously at each such projection.
Steel Tables
•
•
Prior to 1970, sheet steel thickness was
referred to as gage. ASTM and ANSI
currently do not list gage numbers in
their standards. Like many generic
terms, gage (or gauge) is ingrained
in many vocabularies and is
misunderstood as a term for
thickness. Published in this manual is
a minimum thickness table to be used
in place of discontinued gage numbers.
The decimal inch values shown (next
slide) were taken from the Underwriters
Laboratories, Inc. publication for gage
number and equivalent thickness.
Corresponding metric values are
included for reference purposes only.
Steel Tables
Hollow Metal Doors
Doors may be classified by their
method of operation. There are four
basic types: swinging, sliding,
rolling steel, and revolving.
Though revolving doors are
seldom, if ever, made of carbon
steel, sliding and rolling steel may
be hollow metal. This standard
applies to hollow metal doors that are
side-hinged swinging and mounted
on either hinges or pivots.
Door Hand Designation
Representative Door Designs
Representative Core Construction
There are two basic types of door
constructions:
• STEEL STIFFENERS – Vertical steel
stiffeners, which can be channel, zee, hat,
or similar shaped sections, support the
face sheets. The stiffeners are attached to
the face sheets by spot or projection
welding.
• LAMINATED CORE – This is a sandwich
construction in which the face sheets are
separated by a core comprised of
honeycomb (“Kraft” paper),
polyurethane, polyisocyanurate,
polystyrene, coreboard, or steel
stiffeners. The core is laminated to the
faces by means of an adhesive. Foamed-inplace polyurethane cores are self-bonding
and do not require additional adhesive.
Door Edge Construction
VERTICAL EDGE DETAILS
STILE & EDGE DETAILS
BOTTOM EDGE DETAILS
TOP EDGE DETAILS
FLUSH TRANSOM PANEL DETAILS
TOP EDGE
Typical Hardware Preparation
Hollow Metal Frames
The primary function of the door
frame is to provide support for the
door and the components required
for proper operation of the opening.
Hollow metal frames serve other
aesthetic or functional purposes,
such as trimming a wall opening
having no door, or enclosing
glazed areas that provide throughwall visibility, or admitting light
and/or air. Hollow metal frames,
which are strong, sturdy and durable,
serve all such functions
economically.
Profile Configurations
Custom hollow
metal frames are
available in a
broad array of
configurations.
Illustrated here are
some of the more
common and
representative
types. The following
pages show typical
details of frame
construction and
assembly.
Hollow Metal Frames
Basic Door Frame Profiles and Parts
Grouting Hollow Metal Frames:
Grout, when used in
accordance with industry
guidelines, can improve
frame durability and sound
deadening, and
can increase frame
anchorage strength
(depending on wall
construction).
Basic Door Frame Profiles and Parts
Grouting of the frame is not required for fire-rated frames. For most
commercial applications, grouting of mullions and other closed sections is
not recommended.
Basic Door Frame Profiles and Parts
• Perimeter joints of a continuously welded frame shall have all
elements of the frame member continuously welded: soffits,
stops, rabbets, faces and returns. Faces and returns may be
welded either internally or externally. Soffits, stops, and rabbets shall
be welded internally.
• Some frame configurations require slopped jambs or heads.
Mitered corner joints may not be available.
• Occasionally, the face surface of the sill is designed to be recessed
from the face of the other frame members. As this is a perimeter
joint, all elements of the frame members should be continuously
welded. Due to design and/or construction requirements, this is not
feasible; therefore, it is necessary to alter construction methods.
Basic Door Frame Profiles and Parts
Indented joints at internal frame
members shall be internally
reinforced and welded. Joints at
faces, soffits, stops and rabbets
are not welded and appear as
hairline seams. Mullions are
constructed with an overlapping
seam.
Hardware Selection for Hollow Metal
Doors and Frames
The hardware used not only
determines how well a door functions,
but is also an important factor in the
working life of the opening. Among the
many benefits of custom hollow
metal is the virtually unlimited
choice of hardware that can be
used. The architect is free to select
those items which will provide the
operational features, aesthetics, and
quality desired, such as the use of
electrical hardware, pivots or anchor
hinges, concealed closers, concealed
vertical rod devices, separate
deadlocks, preassembled locks, and
other architectural hardware.
Hanging Devices
Barrel & Gear
Full Mortise
Offset Pivot
Locks, Latches & Deadlocks
The locks shown here are those most commonly used. The names
serve to identify either the type of lock construction or installation.
Each may be provided with a knob or lever handle.
Panic / Fire Exit Hardware
Mortise
Rim
Vertical Rod
Panic hardware is tested and labeled for life safety only, whereas fire exit
hardware is tested for both life safety and fire resistance. Only the latter
may be used where fire-rated doors are required. Both types are always
operable from the inside by depressing a cross bar. The mortise type and the
concealed vertical rod type are the least conspicuous, and are readily
applicable to custom-hollow metal doors.
Closing & Controlling Devices
• Closer devices control the closing of a door. They are available in a
range of sizes for various door sizes, locations, and job
conditions. The hardware manufacturer’s recommendations
should always be followed in determining size and type.
• Where surface mounted closers or concealed components are
specified, internal reinforcement plates are provided in the door and
frame by the hollow metal manufacturer.
Surface
Concealed Overhead
Floor Mounted
Hardware Locations
Hardware Locations for Hollow Metal
Doors & Frames
All hardware items, except the upper and
intermediate hinges, are located by fixed
dimensions from the finished floor to the
centerline of the item, making the
locations of all user-handled items at
the same level for all door heights.
Finish floor level is defined as the top
surface of the floor, with the exception of
resilient tile or carpet, which is then
considered the top surface of the
underlying concrete. These standards are
recommended by the custom hollow
metal industry as representing the long
accepted usual preferences of both
architects and users under normal
conditions of use.
Hardware Locations for Hollow Metal
Doors & Frames
HINGE LOCATIONS
On custom doors, the top and bottom hinges have fixed locations rather than
the varying locations used on standard doors. The three hinges shown on the
drawing are recommended for doors up to and including 7 ft. 6 in. (2286mm) in
height. For doors of greater heights, where four or more hinges are used,
the top and bottom hinges are located as shown, with the intermediate
hinges being equally spaced between them. The hinge backset (distance
from back of cutout to back face of door) is 1/4 in (6.4mm).
Hardware Locations for Hollow Metal
Doors & Frames
KNOB AND CROSS BAR LOCATIONS
Regardless of the type of lock or latch used, the knob is located at the same
standard 38 in. (965mm) from the finish floor, for the convenience of the
user. The cross bar of exit hardware is also centered at this height. This will
result in some variation in the strike location, depending on the type of
lock, latch, or exit device used. However, this is considered preferable to
standardizing the location of the strike, as recommended for standard doors,
with resulting variations in the location of the user-handled items.
Installation & Storage of Hollow Metal
Doors & Frames
Hollow metal work is fabricated in
accordance with the shop drawings,
approved by the architect or
engineer. Preparation for hardware
and other items is provided in
accordance with the information
furnished to the hollow metal
manufacturer. The hollow metal
manufacturer is a material supplier,
not a subcontractor. The
manufacturer does not include the
installation of their product in the
building, but only shipment in good
condition from the factory.
Receiving & Storage of Material
The following procedures shall always
be observed in storing hollow metal
doors and frames at the job site:
1. Store all materials in a dry area,
under cover. All products shall be
stored where they will not be
exposed to, or come in contact
with the elements.
2. Do not use non-vented plastic or
canvas. These materials create a
humidity chamber, which promotes
blistering and corrosion.
3. Store doors and frames in an
upright position.
Receiving & Storage of Material
4. Place no more than 5 doors or welded
frames in a group. Small groups not
only minimize the likelihood of damage
due to excess handling, but also facilitate
selection from the group for installation.
In the case of multi-opening frames,
no more than three units should be
stored in a group to avoid serious
damage to the bottom most frame.
5. Place all material on planking or
blocking at least 4 in. (100 mm) off the
ground, 2 in. (50 mm) off a paved area
or the floor slab.
6. Provide at least 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) space
between all units to permit air
circulation.
Typical Installation Procedures
Typical Installation Procedures
Installation of a hollow metal frame in a
steel stud wall (refer to Hollow Metal
Manual 820 – Hollow Metal Frames for
additional anchorage methods)
Installation of a hollow metal frame in a
wood stud wall (refer to Hollow Metal
Manual 820 – Hollow Metal Frames for
additional anchorage methods)
Typical Installation Procedures
Installation of a hollow metal frame in a
masonry wall (refer to Hollow Metal
Manual 820 – Hollow Metal Frames for
additional anchorage methods)
Adjustable Strap-and Stirrup Anchor
A stirrup is welded to the back of the
jamb, and a perforated or corrugated strap
provides for embedding into masonry
joints. The stirrup provides sufficient
adjustment for masonry coursing as well as
access for full grouting of jambs.
Typical Installation Procedures
Frames are not designed to act as forms for grout. Grout must have a maximum
4 in. slump and be hand troweled in place. Bracing of the frame may be
necessary prior to grouting to prevent sagging of the header or bowing of the
jamb due to weight or pressure of the grout. Grout should not be installed
after gypsum wallboard is installed, as the liquid within the grout will
deteriorate the wallboard. When dictated by temperatures, anti-freezing
agents for mortar may be recommended
by specifications. These agents can
adversely affect metal, and all surfaces
in contact with the grout must be coated
with a corrosion resistant material. It is
recommended that general contractor
be responsible for the grouting and
for any required barrier coating. It is
also their responsibility to use care in
the application of the grout.
Tolerances & Clearances for Commercial
Hollow Metal Doors & Frames
Accurate fabrication and installation are
essential to the performance of doors and
frame product. The requirements for
manufacturing and installation are given in
the following Sections. The manufacturer is
responsible for producing door and
framing products that comply with these
Sections. However, it is important to
recognize that proper installation is not the
responsibility of the hollow metal
manufacturer. For this reason, the
requirements for installation should be
included in the Section of the specifications
where installation work is specified. It shall
be the responsibility of the general
contractor, using experienced installers,
to perform the work outlined.
Operating Clearance
Frame Tolerances
Profile Tolerances
Cross Section
Tolerances
Door Tolerances
Installation Tolerances
Fire-Rated Hollow Metal
Doors & Frames
Hollow metal door and frame
assemblies play a crucial role in
providing the fire and life safety
protection required in any building.
There are, however, a number of
variations in the designs and
performance levels of these products.
Therefore, in order to make the
proper selection, it is essential
that specifiers have adequate
information on the different fire
door and frame assemblies
available.
Classification of Fire Doors
•
•
Fire doors are classified by hourly
ratings as well as in minutes. The
hourly rating indicates the
duration of the fire test
exposure and is called the “fire
protection rating”. This table
provides the relationship between
the door location, wall rating, and
the required hourly rating for the
opening protected (door and
frame).
The local building code
specifies the hourly rating for
any location. Generally, fire
doors and frames that qualify for a
specific rating also qualify for all
lower ratings.
Fire Tests
The hourly fire ratings for fire door
assemblies (doors, frames and
hardware) are determined by the length
of time the assemblies satisfactorily
withstand a standard fire test. Model
and Building Codes, which specify
the Standards used to test and
evaluate fire door assemblies, are
undergoing significant changes. Fire
door assemblies, since the early
1900’s, have been tested to what have
evolved into the ANSI/UL10b and
ANSI/NFPA 252 Standards. These
describe both the test method and
pass/fail criteria. The neutral pressure
plane for these Standards has
historically been located at the top of
the fire door assembly.
Fire & Water Pressure Tests
Immediately following the required period
of fire exposure, the assembly is removed
from the furnace and subjected to the
impact, erosion, and cooling effects of a
stream of water of specified nozzle
pressure from a 2-1/2 inch (63 millimeters)
hose with a 1-1/8 inch (28 millimeters) nozzle,
commonly known as the “hose stream test”.
The water pressure and duration of application
for different ratings are shown in Table 3. Fire
tests of 1/3 hour duration may be
conducted without the hose stream. Fire
window frames and glazing materials are
tested in accordance with Underwriters
Laboratories ANSI/UL9 or ANSI/NFPA 257
for negative pressure requirements. UBC 74 (1997) is the positive pressure equivalent,
with a UL standard being proposed.
Listing, Labeling and
Certification Organizations
Qualified fire doors, frames and windows shall be identified as such only by the
presence of a label issued by a certification organization such as Underwriters
Laboratories, Inc. (UL), Intertek Testing Services/Warnock Hersey (ITS/WHI) or
Factory Mutual (FM). Labels appropriate for various conditions and
requirements are provided as evidence that these products have passed a
standard fire test. Certification organizations have developed independent policies
regarding the information which is required on their labels. All fire labels indicate:
• The certification organization name and "mark" (logo)
• The manufacturer name, logo, or control number
• Wording such as "Listed," "Approved," or "Classified"
• A description of the product such as "Swinging Fire Door," "Fire Door Frame," or
"Fire Window Frame"
• A serial or control number
All fire door labels must indicate the maximum fire rating. Fire door frame
labels may include the maximum fire rating as well. Labeled frame products
installed in drywall partitions are rated up to 1-1/2 hours unless otherwise indicated
on the label. Labeled frame products in all other types of walls are rated up to 3
hours unless otherwise stated on the label.
UL & WHI Labels
Representative types of doors and
frames offered by leading
manufacturers of fire rated doors
and frames are shown on the
following slide. Each company
provides its own product
literature describing in detail the
items it produces. Before
specifying fire door assemblies,
the literature of the intended
supplier should always be
consulted. The NAAMM website
(www.naamm.org) contains a
directory with links to member
companies.
Hollow Metal Fire Doors
Fire Endurance Rating, Maximum Areas
Hollow metal fire doors of all ratings and various designs, as well as a
variety of frame types, are supplied by member manufacturers. Many
manufacturers offer a wide variety, others a more limited choice. Because
the requirements for 3-hour assemblies are more severe than those of
assemblies having lower ratings, the choice in such applications is
limited to flush unglazed doors or, in certain jurisdictions, lights not
exceeding 100 square inches (0.065 square meters).
Fire Door Frames
Fire Endurance Rating, Maximum Areas
Fire endurance rating widths and heights of commercially available
materials are labeled by either UL or WHI for use in transom, sidelight
and window assemblies. Users are advised to consult individual
glazing manufacturer’s listings for specific limitations, restrictions
and requirements.
The Hollow Metal Manual
These specifications have been prepared in accordance with the CSI
recommended format with Part 1- General, Part 2-Product, and Part 3Execution. Explanatory notes or instructions are shown in italics. Guide
specifications are intended to be used as the basis for developing
job specifications and must be edited to fit specific job
requirements.
Spec. for Hollow Metal Doors & Frames
1. Application – Light commercial
2. Door construction:
• Thickness:
– Interior: 20 gage (0.032”)
(0.81mm)
– Exterior: 18 gage (0.042”)
(1.06mm)
• Core – steel stiffened
• Edge – visible or welded
3. Frame construction:
• Thickness – 16 gage (0.053")
(1.34mm) interior or exterior
• Miters – KD or welded
Spec. for Commercial Hollow Metal
Doors & Frames
1. Application – Commercial
2. Door construction:
• Thickness:
– Interior: 18 gage (0.042”)
(1.06mm)
– Exterior: 16 gage (0.053”)
(1.34mm)
• Core – steel stiffened
• Edge – welded
3. Frame construction:
• Thickness – 16 gage (0.053")
(1.34mm) or 14 gage (0.067”)
(1.70mm) interior or exterior
• Miters – welded
Spec. for Commercial Laminated
Hollow Metal Doors & Frames
1. Application – Commercial
2. Door construction:
• Thickness:
– Interior: 20 gage (0.032”)
(0.81mm)
– Exterior: 18 gage (0.042”)
(1.06mm)
• Core – varies
• Edge – visible seam or welded
3. Frame construction:
• Thickness – 16 gage (0.053")
(1.34mm) interior or exterior
• Miters – KD or welded
Guide Spec Review
1. Application
2. Core
3. Beveled Edge
Light traffic
Commercial
Steel stiffened
Steel stiffened
Visible seam
or welded
Welded
Commercial
Laminated &
steel stiffened
Visible seam
or welded
Spec. for Commercial Security Hollow
Metal Doors & Frames
•
•
For many years, hollow metal door
and framing systems have been
used as the primary and initial
defense against forced entry.
Architects, specifiers, and end
users have come to understand the
advantages of using hollow metal
doors and frames in commercial
security applications (airports,
convention centers, hotels,
offices) and in foreign and
domestic government buildings
(embassies, offices, barracks).
Six Levels of Security
Spec. for Detention Security Hollow
Metal Doors & Frames
To understand the advantages of hollow
metal construction, consider first the
hardware installation for the swinging door
of a typical bar-grille cell front. The
security hinges and lock encasement
are actually accessible to the inmate
since he is able to reach through the
bars. Therefore, in many cases, the lock
encasement must be continuously welded
assemblies with cover plates welded in
place to prevent inmate tampering. This
situation makes repairs and maintenance
both difficult and expensive. For example:
to repair a lock, it is necessary to cut
the cover plate loose with a torch, repair
or replace the lock, then weld a new
cover plate back in place.
Spec. for Detention Security Hollow
Metal Doors & Frames
Spec. for Swinging Sound Control
Hollow Metal Doors & Frames
These specifications are
comprehensive in regard to steel
swinging sound control doors, door
frames, sidelight, transom, and fixed
window assemblies only. They do
not cover sliding sound control
doors or other related components.
Due to the complexity of the field
of acoustics, it is advisable to
retain an acoustical consultant or
acoustician.
Spec. for Swinging Sound Control
Hollow Metal Doors & Frames
Spec. for Stainless Steel
Hollow Metal Doors & Frames
It is important to understand that
stainless steel alloys and the finishes
that are applied to them are independent
of one another. For example, if a high
degree of aesthetic appearance and high
corrosive resistance are both required, then
this can be accomplished by the application
of a high aesthetic finish to a Type 316
stainless steel constructed door. A
complete range of finishes, including
#4-satin and #8-mirror, may be selected
and applied to the stainless steel sheet.
Alternatively, the stainless sheet may
remain unfinished (i.e. #2B-mill finish). The
mill finish sheet may be supplied “as is” or
may be chemically treated to allow for
factory applied prime paint, then field
applied finish paint.
Spec. for Stainless Steel
Hollow Metal Doors & Frames
•
•
•
Highly Corrosive: Doors and frames are constructed using all Type 316
stainless steel internal parts and face sheets. This construction is for
severely corrosive applications where corrosion resistance is the
primary concern, such as in public swimming pools which are highly
chlorinated.
Moderately Corrosive: Doors and frames are constructed using all Type
304 stainless steel internal parts and face sheets. This construction is for
moderately corrosive applications where corrosion resistance and
aesthetic appearance are of equal concern.
Aesthetic: Frame sections (hinge jambs, strike jambs, headers, etc.) and
door face sheets are constructed using Type 304 stainless steel. All other
parts for both frames and doors are permitted to be fabricated from coldrolled, hot-rolled pickled and oiled (HRPO), or A60 (ZF180) galvanneal as
opposed to Type 304 stainless steel parts. This construction is for
applications where aesthetic appearance is of primary concern.
Defining Undercuts
• Typically, frames are intended to be installed directly on the floor.
When no floor coverings or thresholds are used, the dimension for
“Undercut” is the same as for “Floor Clearance.”
• Floor coverings, such as carpet and resilient or ceramic tile, are
typically installed on top of the floor, fitted around the frame, and
under the door. In this situation, the formula for figuring
Undercut is the total of the Floor Clearance + Floor Covering
Thickness.
Defining Undercuts
•
•
•
In situations with specialized floors
such as thick ceramic tile or terrazzo,
the frame is typically installed prior
to the installation of the floor.
Both illustrate a raised frame condition
in which the bottom of frame is
positioned to be directly on top of the
floor after the floor is installed. In this
situation, the dimension measured
for Undercut is also the same as
Floor Clearance.
Another method, called “below floor
installation,” is to install the frame
directly on the rough slab. After the
frame is installed, the floor is then
installed around the frame.
Grouting Hollow Metal Frames
The Hollow Metal Manual
also provides helpful
technotes which address
special aspects of installation.
• Field application
– Protect frame
– Can promote rusting
• Why Grout?
– Specified field application
– Can improve frame
performance
• Use mortar grout
– Plaster grout not
recommended
Continuously Welded Frames
Definitions and Nomenclature
• Frame Member
• Frame Elements
• Perimeter Joint
Glazing Hollow Metal Transoms,
Sidelights and Windows
• Exterior Application
• Air/Water Infiltration
• Tested to Standards
Painting Hollow Metal Products
•
•
•
•
•
•
Proper storage
Moisture build up
Repair damaged primer
Primer and top coat compatibility
Avoid high gloss finish paints
Follow manufacturers’ instructions
Course Summary
Now the Design Professional will be able to:
• List the fire test requirements, processes and procedures for
obtaining ratings on fire rated doors and frames.
• Explain the hardware requirements and configurations for use in fire
rated doors and frames.
• Describe fire door classifications, listings, labels, and certifications.
• Explain the various fire rated door and frame applications including
requirements for glazing, transoms and other components.
• Navigate the Hollow Metal Manual.
• Describe hollow metals components and options.
• Specify Hollow Metal and Steel Doors in accordance with guidelines
published in the Hollow Metal Manual.
© Ron Blank & Associates, Inc. 2011
Please note: you will need to complete the conclusion
quiz online at ronblank.com to receive credit
The Hollow Metal Manual: Progressive
Solutions for Hollow Metal Doors and Frames
An AIA Continuing Education Program
Credit for this course is 1 AIA HSW CE Hour
Building a Solid Future on the
Foundation of Our Successful Past
V
HMM
HOLLOW METAL MANUFACTURERS
A S S O C I A T I O N
Course: hmm08c
800 Roosevelt Rd.
Bldg. C, Ste. 312
Glen Ellyn, IL 60137
630.942.6591
www.hollowmetal.org