Ammonium Chloride (Dry)
Ammonium Chloride brines may liberate ammonia gas at pH
conditions above 9.0
Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) powder is a high-purity, dry crystalline inorganic salt used to form clear brine used in workover and
completion operations which require densities ranging from 8.4 to 9.2 lb/gal (1007 to 1102 kg/m3). It is also used at 2 to 4% as a clay and
shale stabilizer.
Typical Physical Properties
Physical appearance.......................................................................................................................................................................................... White crystals
Specific gravity.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1.53
Solubility @ 70°F (21°C).................................................................................................................................................................................27 g/100 mL water
Purity........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................>98%
Applications
Ammonium Chloride can be mixed with water to form clear-brine workover and completion fluids with densities ranging from 8.4 to 9.2
lb/gal (1007 to 1102 kg/m3). Typical applications are low-density completions and where 2 to 4% Ammonium Chloride is used as a clay
and shale inhibitor. Ammonium Chloride brines are used to prevent the formation of insoluble fluorosilicates when hydrofluoric (HF) acid
(mud acid or clay acid) is used. An endothermic reaction occurs when mixing dry Ammonium Chloride powder and water resulting in a
decrease in fluid temperature. Note: Use the Mixing Tables to obtain the desired density.
Toxicity and Handling
Bioassay information is available upon request. Handle as an industrial chemical, wearing protective equipment and observing the
precautions as described on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). An endothermic reaction occurs when mixing dry Ammonium
Chloride powder and water resulting in a decrease in fluid temperature. CAUTION: Ammonium Chloride brines may liberate ammonia
gas at pH conditions above 9.0.
Packaging and Storage
Ammonium Chloride (dry) is pack-aged in 50 lb (22.7 kg) and 55 lb (25 kg), multi-wall, waterproof sacks. Store in a dry location and use all
opened sacks immediately.
Ammonium Chloride Solutions
NaCl
(% wt)
s.g.
(g/cm3)
Density
(lb/gal)
Cl(mg/L)
NH4
(mg/L)
NH4Cl
(lb/bbl)
Water
(bbl)
Freeze Pt.
(°F)
1
1.001
2
1.005
8.35
6,066
3,934
3.5
0.991
30.9
8.38
12,193
7,907
7.0
0.984
29.7
3
1.008
8.40
18,320
11,880
10.6
0.977
28.6
4
1.011
8.43
24,508
15,892
14.1
0.970
27.4
5
1.014
8.46
30,756
19,944
17.7
0.963
26.2
6
1.017
8.48
37,004
23,996
21.4
0.956
24.9
7
1.020
8.51
43,313
28,087
25.0
0.948
23.6
8
1.023
8.53
49,622
32,178
28.6
0.941
22.3
9
1.026
8.55
55,992
36,308
32.3
0.933
20.9
10
1.029
8.58
62,422
40,478
36.0
0.926
19.5
11
1.032
8.60
68,852
44,648
39.7
0.918
18.0
12
1.034
8.63
75,282
48,818
43.4
0.910
16.5
13
1.037
8.65
81,773
53,027
47.2
0.902
15.0
14
1.040
8.67
88,325
57,275
51.0
0.895
NA
15
1.043
8.70
94,877
61,523
54.7
0.887
11
16
1.046
8.72
101,489
65,811
58.6
0.878
NA
17
1.049
8.74
108,101
70,099
62.4
0.870
NA
18
1.051
8.77
114,774
74,426
66.2
0.862
NA
19
1.054
8.79
121,508
78,792
70.1
0.854
NA
20
1.057
8.81
128,180
83,120
74.0
0.845
NA
22
1.062
8.86
141,769
91,931
81.8
0.828
NA
24
1.067
8.90
155,418
100,782
89.7
0.811
31
Properties based on 100% purity NH4Cl and 68°F (20°C).
% Volume salt = 100 x (1.0 bbl water).
Source: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 65th Edition (1984-85).
This information is supplied solely for informational purposes and M-I SWACO makes no guarantees or
warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy and use of this data. All product
warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the Standard Terms of Sale. Nothing in this document
is legal advice or is a substitute for competent legal advice.
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