Interpretation Guide:
Broad Spectrum Urine Toxicology Screen
January 2016
The Broad Spectrum Urine Toxicology Screen provided by Dynacare incorporates liquid
chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the targeted
identification of sixty‐three (63) different drugs, drug metabolites and preparation
ingredients. All urine specimens undergo enzymatic hydrolysis prior to testing, to yield
additional free/unconjugated drug and thereby improve detection.
We note that the ability to detect any drug or metabolite in urine is dependent on many
factors, including:
 the dose ingested
 the analytical method used
 the positive/negative cut‐off concentration selected
 the individual’s metabolic variability - genetic factors, age, gender, etc.
 the individual’s physical condition – most notably kidney and liver disease
 the amount of fluid ingested
 the method and frequency of dosing
 the time the drug was ingested relative to the time the urine sample was collected
Dynacare Broad Spectrum Urine Toxicology screen is targeted for the specific drug, drug
metabolite and preparation ingredients listed below. It will not identify every licit
and/or illicit drug that might be in a urine sample. If the drug of interest is not
listed in the table below it will not be detected by this screen, at this time.
If a listed analyte was detected in the urine and its concentration exceeded its defined
positive/negative cut-off concentration, the specimen will be reported positive for that
specific analyte.
A positive result indicates that the analyte is present in the patient’s urine at a minimum
concentration above its defined screening threshold. A positive result does not indicate
the analytes route of administration, ingested dose, concentration in the urine or the
patient’s level of intoxication.
A negative result may not necessarily mean that the urine is drug free. Negative results
can obtained when the drug is present in the urine, but at a concentration that is below
the positive/negative cut-off threshold. Negative results may also be obtained if the
specific analyte of interest is not included in Dynacare Broad Spectrum Urine Toxicology
screen.
We suggest you review the Ontario Association of Medical Laboratories (OAML)
guideline entitled “Guidelines for Ordering Urine Testing for Drugs‐of‐Abuse:
Targeted and Screening Tests (CLP013)”, found at www.OAML.com. Contact
Dynacare if additional information is required.
Interpretation Guide: Broad Spectrum Urine Toxicology Screen
Drug,
Drug Metabolite or
Preparation Ingredient
Anesthetic
Ketamine
Anticonvulsant
Gabapentin
Antidepressants
Bupropion
mCPP
Common
Trade Names
Interpretive
Notes
Positive/
Negative
Cut-off
(ng/mL)
Ketalar
Ketamine detected after use
100 ng/mL
Neurontin
Gabapentin detected after use
500 ng/mL
Wellbutrin, Zyban
Bupropion detected after use
Trazodone metabolite; designer drug
250 ng/mL
250 ng/mL
Urine
Detection
Time‡
Benzodiazepines
Alprazolam
Apo-Alpraz, Xanax
α-hydroxyalprazolam
Clonazepam
Clonapam
7-Aminoclonazepam
Diazepam
Diastat, Diazemuls,
Valium
Nordiazepam
Flunitrazepam
Rohypnol
7-Aminoflunitrazepam
Flurazepam
Dalmane, SOM-PAM
Desalkylflurazepam
Lorazepam
Ativan
Nitrazepam
Mogadon
7-Aminonitrazepam
Oxazepam
Phenazepam
Novoxapam, Oxpam
Metabolized to alpha-hydroxyalprazolam; both may be
detected after use
Alprazolam metabolite
Metabolized to 7-aminoclonazepam; metabolite
primarily detected after use
Clonazepam metabolite
Metabolized to nordiazepam, temazepam and
oxazepam; all may be detected after use
Diazepam metabolite
Metabolized to 7-aminoflunitrazepam; metabolite
primarily detected after use
Flunitrazepam metabolite
Metabolized to desalkylflurazepam; metabolite
primarily detected after use
Flurazepam metabolite
Lorazepam detected after use
Metabolized to 7-aminonitrazepam; both may be
detected after use
Nitrazepam metabolite
Oxazepam detected after use; nordiazepam and
temazepam metabolite
Phenazepam detected after use
100 ng/mL
2-4 days
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
2-4 days
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
2-7 days
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
1-4 days
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
1-2 days
5-7 days
1-4 days
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
2-7 days
Interpretation Guide: Broad Spectrum Urine Toxicology Screen
Drug,
Drug Metabolite or
Preparation Ingredient
Common
Trade Names
Temazepam
Restoril
Interpretive
Notes
Metabolized to oxazepam; both may be detect after
use; diazepam metabolite
Triazolam detected after use
Triazolam
Cannabinoids
THCA
Cannabinoid metabolite
JWH-200
Synthetic Cannabinoid
JWH-018
Synthetic Cannabinoid
Opioids and Related Drug Preparation Ingredients
Metabolized to norbuprenorphine; both may be
Buprenorphine/
detected after use; Suboxone and
Buprenorphine
Naloxone, Butrans,
Buprenorphine/Naloxone preparations also include
Suboxone
naloxone
Norbuprenorphine
Buprenorphine metabolite
Tylenol with Codeine
No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4;
Metabolized to norcodeine, morphine and
Codeine
included in many other
hydrocodone; all may be detected after use
preparations
Norcodeine
Codeine metabolite
Abstral, Duragesic Mat,
Metabolized to norfentanyl; both may be detected
Fentanyl
Fentanyl Patch
after use
Norfentanyl
Fentanyl metabolite
Metabolized to 6-acetylmorphine, metabolite primarily
Heroin
detected after use
6-Acetylmorphine
Heroin metabolite
Hydrocan, Novahistex
Metabolized to norhydrocodone, dihydrocodeine and
Hydrocodone
DH, Novahistine DH,
hydromorphone; all may be detected after use;
Tussionex
codeine metabolite
Norhydrocodone
Hydrocodone metabolite
Dihydrocodeine
Hydrocodone metabolite
Dilaudid, Hydromorph
Hydromorphone detected after use; hydrocodone and
Hydromorphone
Contin, Jurnista
morphine metabolite
Positive/
Negative
Cut-off
100 ng/mL
Urine
Detection
Time‡
1-4 days
100 ng/mL
40 ng/mL
40 ng/mL
20 ng/mL
1-45 days
15 ng/mL
15 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
2-3 days
100 ng/mL
25 ng/mL
1-3 days
25 ng/mL
10 ng/mL
<1 day
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
2-3 days
2-3 days
Interpretation Guide: Broad Spectrum Urine Toxicology Screen
Drug,
Drug Metabolite or
Preparation Ingredient
Common
Trade Names
Naltrexone
Kadian Capsules, MS
Contin, MS IR Tab,
Statex; included in
many other
preparations
Included in Targin
preparations of
oxycodone; Included in
Suboxone preparations
of buprenorphine
Relistor, Revia
Meperidine
Demerol
Morphine
Naloxone
Normeperidine
Methadone
EDDP
Metadol, Methadose
Oxycodone
Endocet, Oxy.IR,
Oxyneo, Percocet,
Rivacocet, Supeudol,
Targin
Interpretive
Notes
Metabolized to hydromorphone; both may be detect
after use; 6AM and codeine metabolite
Naloxone detected after use
Naltrexone detected after use
Metabolized to normeperidine; both may be detected
after use
Meperidine metabolite
Metabolized to EDDP; both may be detected after use
Methadone metabolite
Metabolized to noroxycodone; both may be detected
after use; Targin preparations also included naloxone
Noroxycodone
Oxycodone metabolite
Stimulants and Related Drug Preparation Ingredients
Amphetamine detected after use; methamphetamine
Amphetamine
Adderall, Dexedrine
metabolite
Metabolized to amphetamine; both may be detected
Methamphetamine
after use
MDEA
Metabolized to MDA; both may be detected after use
Ecstasy; metabolized to MDA; both may be detected
MDMA
after use
MDA
MDEA and MDMA metabolite
Positive/
Negative
Cut-off
100 ng/mL
Urine
Detection
Time‡
2-3 days
15 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
200 ng/mL
200 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
1-2 days
1-14 days
2-3 days
100 ng/mL
250 ng/mL
3-5 days
250 ng/mL
3-5 days
250 ng/mL
250 ng/mL
250 ng/mL
Interpretation Guide: Broad Spectrum Urine Toxicology Screen
Drug,
Drug Metabolite or
Preparation Ingredient
Common
Trade Names
Cocaine
Benzoylecgonine
Norcocaine
Cocaethylene
Levamisole
Benzylpiperazine
MDPV
Mephedrone
Methylphenidate
Biphentin, Concerta,
Ritalin
Ritalinic Acid
Diphenhydramine
Ephedrine/
Pseudoephedrine
Cotinine
Included in many cold,
sinus and flu
preparations and overthe-counter products
Included in many cold,
sinus and flu
preparations and overthe-counter products
Interpretive
Notes
Metabolized to benzoylecgonine, norcocaine and
cocaethylene; all may be detected after use; cocaine
is often cut with levamisole which may also be
detected after use
Cocaine metabolite
Cocaine metabolite
Cocaine metabolite; formed when cocaine is used
with alcohol
Cutting agent mixed with cocaine;
Synthetic stimulant; designer drug
Synthetic amphetamine; designer drug sometimes
referred to as a “bath salt”
Synthetic amphetamine; designer drug sometimes
referred to as a “bath salt”
Metabolized to ritalinic acid; both may be detected
after use
Methylphenidate metabolite
Positive/
Negative
Cut-off
Urine
Detection
Time‡
100 ng/mL
< 1 day
100 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
1-2 days
100 ng/mL
10 ng/mL
250 ng/mL
1-2 days
250 ng/mL
250 ng/mL
100 ng/mL
<1 day
500 ng/mL
Diphenhydramine detected after use
100 ng/mL
Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine detected after use
500 ng/mL
Nicotine metabolite
300 ng/mL
1-7 days
Acronyms: EDDP, 2‐ethylidene‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2,2‐diphenylpyrrolidine; mCPP, 1‐(3‐chlorophenyl)piperazine;
MDA, methylenedioxyamphetamine; MDEA, methylenedioxyethylamphetamine; MDMA, methylenedioxymethamphetamine;
MDPV, 3,4‐methylenedioxypyrovalerone; THCA, 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol.
‡ The listed urine detection times are approximations. The actual detection time depends upon the drug dose, its frequency
of use and individual patient metabolism. If cell is left blank, urine detection times are unknown.