Building Regulations
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David Watkins RIBA Part 3 Course 2014 Building Regulations If a builder build a house for someone and does not construct it properly and the house which he built falls in and kills its owner…………………….............................. …………………………………………..................then the builder shall be put to death Code of Hammurabi, Law 229, 1750 BC Building Regulations The need to regulate and control Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 It all began in London in 1189 High density of housing with construction and communal issues/implications - Safety (hazard of fire) - Quality of life (passage of light/party wall construction/sanitation/rainwater collection and discharge ) Major fire in 1212 Cessation in the use of thatch for roofs within the capital by mayoral decree Assize Court of Nuisance C14 to mid C15 and C16 to end C17 Complaints of nuisance brought by neighbours and judged by mayor and aldermen Developed use of experienced craftsmen as viewers to advise and guide City Councils London lead was followed by other major cities Control of building line and encroachment onto streets Restriction on the use of thatch and framed construction of chimneys Recommendation for the use of stone, brick and tile for buildings within an urban setting……………………….. but still the wide (and cost effective) use of traditional timber frame construction continued and persisted Great Fire of London 1666 London Building Act 1667 – legal requirements with surveyors appointed and empowered to enforce the regulations Use of brick and stone/distance between opposite dwellings/storey height/width of walls/etc London Building Acts subject to continual review and revision Principal Acts 1707, 1709……………….up to 1774 by which time all London districts covered by regulations. Building Regulations United Kingdom – long history of legal controls on building construction Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Provincial towns followed suit – Building Acts passed for Bristol (1778 and 1840) and Liverpool (1825 and 1842) Local Improvement Acts subsequently favoured to tackle varied problems for specific towns and cities 400 Improvement Acts were passed between 1800 and 1845 for 208 towns in England and Wales Victorian Britain and Government also concerned about living conditions and standards……overcrowding/water supply/sanitation National Building Act 1841 proposed to be adopted/applied to all borough councils FAILED TO BE CARRIED Metropolitan Building Office established in 1844 for building control for whole London area (replaced by Board of Works in 1855) Public Health Acts/Bye-laws developed from 1848 via boards of health with subsequent control on the construction of buildings Local Government Act 1858 Requirement for deposit of plans for all new or existing buildings to be altered Public Health Act 1936 Recommendations and guidelines – variation from one Local Authority to another Public Health Act 1961 Recommendations and guidelines – national standards and regulations Building Regulations 1963 Prescriptive building standards that had to be followed. Public Health Act 1961 was statutory instrument (objective for building regulations to be in force within three years of the Act) Building Act 1984 Fundamental changes to the building regulations regime : Functional performance standards (Approved Documents) Competition into the building control sector (Approved Inspectors) Building Regulations 2000 and Building (Approved Inspectors, etc) Regulations 2000 Building Regulations 2010 and Building (Approved Inspectors, etc) Regulations 2010 Revoked 2000 Regulations and all amendments Package of deregulatory changes introduced in 2012 to ensure regulations were up to date and effective Amendments introduced in 2012, 2013 and 2014 (latest in force 06 April 2014) – total 9 changes since October 2010. Building Regulations United Kingdom – long history of legal controls on building construction Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Building Regulations The need for constant review : Summerland, Douglas, Isle of Man Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Building Regulations Summerland, Douglas, Isle of Man : major fire with 3000 tourists in building Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 50 dead, 30 seriously injured, 49 injured Rapid development and spread of fire coupled with the delayed, difficult and unorganised evacuation of the building No villains External acrylic glazing : no resistance to fire Internal wall finish : no resistance to fire or surface spread of flame – but good acoustic lining! Changes to Regulations introduced: Part E Means of escape from premises Fire resistance and surface spread of flame for external and internal materials Access and facilities for fighting fires Building Regulations Summerland, Douglas, Isle of Man Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 * Power to make building regulations in Wales was devolved to the Welsh Assembly in 2013 • Secure the health, safety, welfare and convenience of people in and around buildings and people who might be affected by those buildings • Conserve fuel and power • Prevent waste, environmental damage and the undue consumption, misuse or contamination of water • Work must be checked by an independent third party to ensure the required standards are met and satisfied • Regulations are constantly reviewed to ensure fairness, efficiency and effectiveness and remain up to date to incorporate the latest advances in technology, building practice and construction techniques Building Regulations The Aims and Objectives of the current Regulations in England* Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Building Act 1984 • Under the Act the Secretary of State has powers to make regulations regarding the design and construction of buildings and the provision of services, fittings, fixtures and equipment. • Under the Act the 2010 Building Regulations and Building (Approved Inspectors) Regulations are issued and amended • The Building Regulations and Approved Inspectors Regulations comprise procedural requirements that sets out what kind of work need Building Regulations approval and how that approval should be obtained. • The substantive requirements are set out in Schedule 1 of the Building Regulations and divided into 14 parts A-P plus Regulation 7 Parts A-D, F-K and P do not require anything to be done except to ensure the health and safety of people in and around buildings and of people who are affected by them. Parts E and M require measures for the convenience of the building users. Part L requires measures for the conservation of energy. Reasonable provisions and details are set out which if adopted would be deemed to satisfy the Regulations Cross reference is made to relevant British Standards and European Standards (or updated version where still applicable) Regulation 7 requires building work to be carried out in a workmanlike manner with adequate and proper materials Other legislation affecting building work • Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (HSWA) and Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 • Party Wall Act 1996 • Local Acts of Parliament still enforced by the respective Local Authority Building Regulations The Legal Framework • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Part A (structural safety) Part B (fire safety) - volume 1: dwelling houses Part B (fire safety) - volume 2: buildings other than dwelling houses Part C (resistance to contaminants and moisture) Part D (toxic substances) Part E (resistance to sound) Part F (ventilation) Part G (sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency) Part H (drainage and waste disposal) Part J (heat-producing appliances) Part K (protection from falling) Part L (conservation of fuel and power) Part M (access to and use of buildings) Part N (glazing safety) Part P (electrical safety) Regulation 7 (Workmanship and materials) Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 The Regulations apply when building work takes place which is defined as: • The erection or extension of a building • The provision/extension of a controlled fitting Parts G, H, J, L or P impose a requirement – doors, windows and space heating • The material alteration of a building or controlled fitting or service An alteration is considered as material (significant) if: • Non-compliance of a previously complying building/controlled fitting or service • Greater non-compliance of a previously non-complying building/controlled fitting or service. • Relevant Sections Part A (Structure) Part B1 (Means of Escape) Part B3 (Internal fire spread – structure) Part B4 (External Fire spread) Part B5 (Access and facilities for fire service) Part M (Access to and use of buildings) • The work required as the result of material change of use Some changes of use are regarded as being significant for the purposes of the Building Regulations and the building needs to comply with certain requirements of Schedule 1. • There are common requirements to all changes of use • There are specific requirements to certain changes of use Building Regulations Building Work • Part A (structural safety) • Part B (fire safety) - volume 1: dwelling houses • Part B (fire safety) - volume 2: buildings other than dwelling houses • Part C (resistance to contaminants and moisture) • Part D (toxic substances) • Part E (resistance to sound) • Part F (ventilation) • Part G (sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency) • Part H (drainage/waste disposal) • Part J (heat-producing appliances) • • • • • • Part K (protection from falling) Part L (conservation of fuel and power) Part M (access to and use of buildings) Part N (glazing safety) Part P (electrical safety) Regulation 7 Workmanship + materials Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Building Regulations Building Work • Part A (structural safety) • Part B (fire safety) - volume 1: dwelling houses • Part B (fire safety) - volume 2: buildings other than dwelling houses • Part C (resistance to contaminants and moisture) • Part D (toxic substances) • Part E (resistance to sound) • Part F (ventilation) • Part G (sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency) • Part H (drainage/waste disposal) • Part J (heat-producing appliances) • • • • • • Part K (protection from falling) Part L (conservation of fuel and power) Part M (access to and use of buildings) Part N (glazing safety) Part P (electrical safety) Regulation 7 Workmanship + materials Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 The Regulations apply when building work takes place which is defined as: • The erection or extension of a building • The provision/extension of a controlled fitting Parts G, H, J, L or P impose a requirement – doors, windows and space heating • The material alteration of a building or controlled fitting or service An alteration is considered as material (significant) if: • Non-compliance of a previously complying building/controlled fitting or service • Greater non-compliance of a previously non-complying building/controlled fitting or service. • Relevant Sections from Schedule 1 are Part A (Structure) Part B1 (Means of Escape) Part B3 (Internal fire spread – structure) Part B4 (External Fire spread) Part B5 (Access and facilities for fire service) Part M (Access to and use of buildings) • The work required as the result of material change of use Some changes of use are regarded as being significant for the purposes of the Building Regulations and the building needs to comply with certain requirements of Schedule 1. • There are common requirements to all changes of use • There are specific requirements to certain changes of use • The insertion of insulating material into a cavity wall of a building • The work involved in underpinning a building Building Regulations Building Work • Part A (structural safety) • Part B (fire safety) - volume 1: dwelling houses • Part B (fire safety) - volume 2: buildings other than dwelling houses • Part C (resistance to contaminants and moisture) • Part D (toxic substances) • Part E (resistance to sound) • Part F (ventilation) • Part G (sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency) • Part H (drainage/waste disposal) • Part J (heat-producing appliances) • • • • • • Part K (protection from falling) Part L (conservation of fuel and power) Part M (access to and use of buildings) Part N (glazing safety) Part P (electrical safety) Regulation 7 Workmanship + materials Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 • Work required by Regulation 22 (requirements relating to a change of energy status) A change of energy status occurs when building work makes a building subject to the requirements of Part L where previously it was not : i.e. Installation of space heating in a previously unconditioned building. Further building work may be required to achieve compliance with Part L • Work required by Regulation 23 (requirements relating to thermal elements) Thermal element is a wall, floor or roof (not secondary element such as a window, door or rooflight) that separates thermally conditioned space from outside/ground Walls and floors will also be thermal elements if they separate the conditioned space from another part of the building which is: • Unconditioned • An extension in Class 7 of Schedule 2 • Conditioned to a different temperature (not a dwelling/different uses) Renovation of a thermal element to be carried out to ensure the whole of the thermal element complies with L1(a)(i) in Schedule 1 Where a thermal element is replaced the new thermal element must comply with L1(a)(i) in Schedule 1 • Work required by Regulation 28 (consequential improvement to energy performance) Improvements are required to the energy efficiency of an existing building in excess of 1000m² if the work comprises or includes: • an extension • The initial provision of any fixed building services • An increase to the installed capacity of any fixed building services PROVIDED – improvements are technically, functionally and economically feasible Building Regulations Building Work • Part A (structural safety) • Part B (fire safety) - volume 1: dwelling houses • Part B (fire safety) - volume 2: buildings other than dwelling houses • Part C (resistance to contaminants and moisture) • Part D (toxic substances) • Part E (resistance to sound) • Part F (ventilation) • Part G (sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency) • Part H (drainage/waste disposal) • Part J (heat-producing appliances) • • • • • • Part K (protection from falling) Part L (conservation of fuel and power) Part M (access to and use of buildings) Part N (glazing safety) Part P (electrical safety) Regulation 7 Workmanship + materials Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 OVER A BARREL In a weak or difficult position…………no options………………………….forced to accept the situation Expression recorded in 1938 supposedly alludes to reviving a drowned victim by placing the body head down over a barrel and rolling it back and forth so as to empty the lungs of water Saying survives whilst practice does not Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Building work must comply with the requirements of the Building Regulations unless: • The building belongs to an exempt body and the work is being carried out on behalf of such a body Statutory Undertakers such as water and sewerage authorities (but not private companies) UK Atomic Energy Authority Civil Aviation Authority Licensed air traffic services (individual or company license) Beware of anomalies Houses and offices (not forming part of power station or airport) must still comply with the Regulations Crown buildings (law courts/government offices) are not subject to procedural requirements but must still comply with substantive requirements (Approved Documents) Health Authority Buildings no longer have Crown Immunity and must comply with the Regulations Buildings with Crown Immunity or owned by Statutory Undertakers are not exempt from regulations regarding energy efficiency (unless exempt under Regulation 21_primarily historic buildings) Mayor’s Office for Policing and Crime is exempt from procedural requirements but not substantive requirements • The building is one of the exempt categories listed in Schedule 2 of the Regulations Class 1 : Buildings controlled under other legislation (Explosives Regulations/Nuclear Installations Act/AMAA Act) Class 2 : Buildings not frequented by people (fixed plant/equipment with limitation on proximity to boundary/adjacent building) Class 3 : Greenhouses and agricultural/horticultural buildings (no part used as a dwelling with limitation on proximity to adjacent buildings which contain sleeping accommodation and the provision of emergency exits within 30m zone) Class 4 : Temporary Buildings (less than 28 days usage) Building Regulations Exemptions • Part A (structural safety) • Part B (fire safety) - volume 1: dwelling houses • Part B (fire safety) - volume 2: buildings other than dwelling houses • Part C (resistance to contaminants and moisture) • Part D (toxic substances) • Part E (resistance to sound) • Part F (ventilation) • Part G (sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency) • Part H (drainage/waste disposal) • Part J (heat-producing appliances) • • • • • • Part K (protection from falling) Part L (conservation of fuel and power) Part M (access to and use of buildings) Part N (glazing safety) Part P (electrical safety) Regulation 7 Workmanship + materials Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Class 5 : Ancillary buildings (housing sales/site cabins/mining accommodation/no sleeping facilities) Class 6 : Small detached buildings (single storey building less than 30m² with no sleeping accommodation/nuclear shelter/building less than 15m²) Class 7 : Extension at ground level not greater than 30m² (conservatory/porch/covered way/car port) Beware of anomalies An exempt building may still be subject to Parts G, L and P Greenhouses and small detached buildings are subject to Part G Extensions under Class 7 will only be exempt if existing windows/door are retained or replaced if removed and the heating system is not extended into the conservatory or porch. The requirements for electrical safety covered in Part P apply to greenhouses/small detached dwellings (Class 6) and extensions (Class 7) if electricity supply is shared or located within or from the respective dwelling. Energy efficiency requirements of Part L apply to any building or extension other than Class 7 extensions and……….. Historic Buildings (SAMs/Listed Buildings/Conservation Areas) Places of Worship Temporary Buildings with less than two years of planned use Industrial sites/workshops/non-residential agricultural buildings with low energy demand Stand-alone buildings other than dwellings with a total usable floor area less than 50m ² Minor work as listed in Schedule 4 is exempt from notification (building notice or full plans application) but must comply with the substantive requirements of the Regulations ………..minor items including the kitchen sink! Building Regulations Exemptions • Part A (structural safety) • Part B (fire safety) - volume 1: dwelling houses • Part B (fire safety) - volume 2: buildings other than dwelling houses • Part C (resistance to contaminants and moisture) • Part D (toxic substances) • Part E (resistance to sound) • Part F (ventilation) • Part G (sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency) • Part H (drainage/waste disposal) • Part J (heat-producing appliances) • • • • • • Part K (protection from falling) Part L (conservation of fuel and power) Part M (access to and use of buildings) Part N (glazing safety) Part P (electrical safety) Regulation 7 Workmanship + materials Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Historic and Listed Buildings are not exempt from the Building Regulations but it is recognised that: • The special character and architectural qualities should be conserved • It may be neither viable nor appropriate for a historic building to reach the performance standards expected for other buildings Historic buildings include: • Listed Buildings (Grade I/Grade II*/Grade II) • Historic but unlisted buildings set within a Conservation Area • Buildings of local historic/architectural interest and identified in the development plan of the Local Authority • Buildings within National Parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and World Heritage Sites • Vernacular buildings of traditional form and construction Particular issues warranting sympathetic treatment include: • Restoring the historic building previously subject to insensitive and inappropriate interventions • Reconstruction of a historic building and associated details destroyed/lost/severely damaged • Restoration and/or adaptation of the historic fabric to maintain environmental balance and conditions • Restoration and/or adaptation of historic details to improve performance in use/aid cyclical and planned maintenance • Introduction of building and service interventions which are sensitive to the historic structure, fabric and finishes Building Regulations Listed and Historic Buildings Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Listed Buildings : considerations Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Listed Buildings : basis for restoration Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Listed Buildings : waivers and retention of character Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Building Regulations Part 2 : Approved Documents and Options to gain approval Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART A : STRUCTURE • • • • • • Minor changes resultant from introduction of Regulation 7 Reference to Eurocodes rather than British Standards Revised calculation for maximum building height Revised specifications for cavity wall ties Increased depth to underside of foundations for some clay soils Maximum area of storey at risk of collapse increased by 100m² Analysis for seismic design to be considered for some buildings A1 Construction of the building to ensure safe transfer of dead, imposed and wind loads to ground safely and without deformation of that building/ground/other buildings A2 Construction of the building so that ground movement (swelling/shrinkage/freezing/land slip) will not impair stability – in so far as the risk can be foreseen A3 Construction of a building to ensure in the event of accident collapse is not disproportionate to the cause Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Approved Documents Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART B : FIRE SAFETY V1 V2 DWELLING HOUSES ALL OTHER BUILDINGS Minor changes resultant from introduction of Regulation 7 and specific changes which include: • Standard and selection of smoke alarms • Provisions for spread of flame over internal linings • Provisions of fire protection under Local Acts has been repealed Building Regulations Approved Documents B1 Design and construction of the building to provide early warning of fire and means of escape to outside at all material times B2 Internal linings (wall/partition/internal structure/ceiling) must adequately resist the spread of flame over the surfaces and have (if ignited) a rate of fire growth which is reasonable in the circumstances B3 Design and construction of the building to maintain stability for a reasonable period of time in the event of fire Design and construction of a wall common between two or more buildings to resist spread of fire between those buildings Design and construction of the building to inhibit the spread of fire either by the introduction or fire resisting sub-divisions or the installation of suitable fire suppression systems Design and construction of the building to inhibit the spread of fire and smoke within concealed spaces B4 Design and construction of the external walls and roof of the building to resist the spread of fire between adjacent buildings B5 Design and construction of the building to provide reasonable facilities to assist firefighters in the protection of life Design and arrangement of the site to provide access to fire appliances to the building Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART C : SITE PREPARATION RESISTANCE TO CONTAMINANTS/MOISTURE Minor changes resultant from introduction of Regulation 7 and updated information which includes : • Provisions for radon protection updated to follow latest maps • Annex A has been withdrawn (guidance on the assessment of contaminated land) • Reference documents have been updated C1 Ground covered by the building to be free from any material that could damage the building/affect its stability Reasonable precautions taken to avoid H&S issues caused by contaminants on/in the ground or covered by the site/building Sub-soil drainage to be provided to avoid passage of moisture to the interior of the building/damage to the building via water borne contaminants Contaminant defined as any substance which is corrosive, explosive, flammable, radioactive or toxic and may become harmful to persons or buildings C2 Design and construction of the building to ensure walls, floors and roof adequately protect the building and people from harmful effects caused by: Ground Moisture Rain/wind driven rain Interstitial and surface condensation Spillage of water from sanitary fittings/fixed appliances Building Regulations Approved Documents Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART D : CAVITY INSULATION Minor changes resultant from introduction of Regulation 7 D1 Protection of building occupants from toxic fumes produced by the installation of cavity wall insulation Refers to the use of Urea Formaldehyde (UF) Selection of alternative materials - blown fibres/polystyrene beads/polyurethane foam/etc which do not give off toxic fumes Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Approved Documents Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART E : RESISTANCE TO THE PASSAGE OF SOUND Minor changes resultant from introduction of Regulation 7 Reduction of sound transmission into and between rooms of residential buildings and acoustic performance of school buildings Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 Environmental Noise (England) Regulations 2006 E1 Design and construction of dwellinghouses, flats and rooms to provide reasonable resistance to sound from other parts of the same building or from adjoining buildings E2 Design and construction of dwellinghouses, flats and rooms to provide reasonable resistance to sound at : • Internal walls between a bedroom and wc (not en suite) • Internal floors E3 Design and construction of common internal parts of buildings which contain flats and rooms to prevent more reverberation than is reasonable E4 Design and construction of each room within a school building to ensure the acoustic conditions and insulation against disturbance by noise is achieved to facilitate the intended use. Some things to note and consider: Pre-completion testing Testing procedures/grouping/failed tests/remedial/re-testing Robust details scheme Building Regulations Approved Documents Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART F : MEANS OF VENTILATION Minor changes resultant from introduction of Regulation 7 (major changes introduced in 2010) • Improved air tightness/construction = less air infiltration to augment deliberate ventilation • Commissioning, testing and certification of results for mechanical ventilation installations F1 Design and construction of the building to ensure adequate means of ventilation are provided Fixed systems for mechanical ventilation must be tested Parameters are established within the regulation to consider and design in such a manner to limit the accumulation of moisture which could lead to mould growth/pollutants; extract water vapour; extract or dilute pollutants in habitablre rooms; provide a minimum supply of outside air; ensure H&S of occupants; and facilitate maintenance. Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Approved Documents Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART G : SANITATION, HOT WATER SAFETY and WATER EFFICIENCY Minor changes resultant from introduction of Regulation 7 Provision of safe and wholesome hot and cold water supplies and adequate sanitary arrangements G1 Wholesome cold water supply to: • Drinking points • Washbasin or bidet in a room/adjacent a room with wc* • Washbasin/bidet/fixed bath/shower in a bathroom* • Sink within a food preparation area Suitable provision to any appliance with a flushing device G2 Installation of fittings and fixed appliances that use water efficiently and reduce water consumption G3 Installation of heated wholesome/softened wholesome water to • Washbasin or bidet in a room/adjacent a room with wc* • Washbasin/bidet/fixed bath/shower in a bathroom* • Sink within a food preparation area Safe installation of pressurised hot water systems and delivery of hot water at controlled temperature G4 Provision of adequate and suitable sanitary conveniences in rooms designed to accommodate them or in bathrooms Provision of complimentary hand washing facilities Separation from kitchen/any area where food is prepared. G5 Bathrooms must contain washbasin and bath or fixed shower Building Regulations Approved Documents G6 The design must incorporate the provision of a suitable sink in kitchens and food preparation areas) Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART H : DRAINAGE AND WASTE DISPOSAL Minor changes resultant from introduction of Regulation 7 H1 Provision of an adequate system of drainage to carry foul water from appliances within the building to (in order of priority): Public sewer Private sewer connecting to a public sewer Treatment tank/septic tank Cesspool H2 Location, design and construction of treatment systems to : Not be prejudicial to health of any person Not contaminate water course/underground water/water supply Adequate means of access for maintenance Continue to function in the event of loss of power Treatment system must be of adequate capacity, be constructed to be impermeable to liquids and be adequately ventilated Display information regarding treatment plant/maintenance H3 Provision of an adequate system of drainage to carry rainwater from the roof areas/paved areas of the building to discharge to: Soakaway or filtration system Watercourse Sewer *does not apply where rainwater is harvested H4 Procedures/requirements for building over sewer/disposal main H5 Procedures for surface water sewers/combined systems Building Regulations Approved Documents H6 Provision of adequate storage for solid waste taking account the use of the building and collection arrangements Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART J : COMBUSTION APPLIANCES and FUEL STORAGE SYTEMS • • • • • Minor changes resultant from introduction of Regulation 7 (major changes introduced in 2010) Provision of carbon monoxide alarms for solid fuel installations Adequate air supply for appliances in air tight dwellings Access for visual inspection of concealed flues The use of biofuel and mineral oil/liquid biofuel mixes Provision of secondary containment within Zone 1 of a groundwater Source Protection Zone J1 Provision of adequate air supply to fixed combustion appliances J2 Provision of adequate discharge of combustion products from combustion appliances to outside air J3 Design, location and detail of fixed combustion appliances to detect and give early warning of carbon monoxide gases J4 Design and construction of fireplaces/chimneys and the installation of combustion appliances to restrict outbreak of fire J5 Provision of accessible information to advise building occupants and users of combustion appliances/associated elements J6 Design, location and detail of fuel storage systems and the associated supply pipework/equipment J7 Building Regulations Approved Documents Design, location and detail of oil storage tanks to restrict spillage of oil/risk of pollution and associated notification of information Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART K : PROTECTION FROM FALLING, COLLISION and IMPACT • • • • • Changes introduce to avoid conflict with Part M and N: Part K and part N (Glazing) combined into an expanded Part K Approved Document K has been completely revised Document is in a new format and edited to Plain English standards Changes resultant from introduction of Regulation 7 There are no revisions to the technical requirements or guidance K1 Design, construction and installation of stairs, ladders and ramps are to be safe for persons moving about the building K2 Design, construction and installation of barriers to stairs, ladders, ramps, light wells, sunken areas and basements to protect people within or about the building from falling K3 Vehicle ramps/any levels in a building to which vehicles have access are to be provided with barriers to protect people Vehicle loading bays are to be designed and detailed to protect people from collision with vehicles K4 Glazing within the building that people are likely to come into contact with is to: • resist impact without breaking • be shielded or protected from impact • if broken on impact the glass will break in a manner unlikely to cause injury K5 Provision is to be made to prevent people moving around the building from colliding with open windows/skylights/vents Building Regulations Approved Documents Transparent glazing with which people are likely to come into contact whilst moving around the building is to incorporate features making it apparent Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 K5 Continued Windows, rooflights, skylights and ventilators to be opened by people within the building are to be constructed or equipped to allow safe operation/adjustment (not dwellings) Provision to be made for any glazed screens, windows, rooflights, skylights and ventilators within walls, roofs or ceilings to be safely accessible for cleaning (not dwellings) K6 Provision is to be made to prevent any door or gate: • which slides or opens upwards from falling on a person • which is powered from trapping a person Provision is to be made for powered doors to be opened in the event of a power failure Provision is to be made to ensure a clear view of the space on either side of a swing door or gate Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Approved Documents Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART L1A/L2A : CONSERVATION OF FUEL and POWER NEW DWELLINGS and OTHER NEW BUILDINGS The revisions to Part L address the requirements of the recast Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (2010/31/EU) and take a further step towards the zero carbon standards required in 2016 (dwellings) and 2019 (other buildings) The main changes are: • A reduction in permitted carbon dioxide emissions of 6% for dwellings and an aggregate 9% for buildings other than dwellings • The introduction of fabric energy efficiency standards for new dwellings • A requirement to assess the feasibility of high-efficiency alternative systems for new buildings • Minor revisions to the SBEM and SAP calculation methodologies • Tightening of some of the limiting values for the efficiency of building fabric and services In addition the Approved Document has been arranged in a different single column format and the language revised to Plain English standards There are minor amendments only to the equivalent documents for existing dwellings and non-dwelling buildings (L1B and L2B) Building Regulations Approved Documents Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART L1B/L2B : CONSERVATION OF FUEL and POWER EXISTING DWELLINGS & OTHER EXISTING BUILDINGS The requirements for work to existing buildings are largely unchanged with only minor changes to standards to controlled fittings and the treatment of thermal elements The main changes are: • Additional guidance has been introduced for the design of swimming pools/thermal bridging at junctions between basin walls, floor and foundations • Minor changes to the standards of controlled fittings have been incorporated which now include DSER standards for doors; the proportion of glazing which defines glazed doors has been increased from 50% to 60% assessed on the external face (other than dwellings) • The requirements for the replacement and renovation of thermal elements in Regulation 23 have been clarified. If the work to replace or renovate a thermal element constitutes a major renovation (undefined!) or affects more than 50% of the element then the whole element must be replaced or renovated. Building Regulations Approved Documents Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART M : ACCESS TO AND USE OF BUILDINGS Changes introduced to avoid conflict with Part K • Much of the guidance for stairs, ramps, handrails, guardings, vision panels and manifestation of glazing has been removed from Part M which now cross references to revised Part K • Guidance on access to buildings still in Approved Document M • Guidance on satisfying the Equality Act replaces guidance on the Disability Discrimination Act • There is no longer a requirement to submit a written access statement but there is a more general obligation to demonstrate how the design approach will satisfy the requirements of Part M • Changes resultant from introduction of Regulation 7 • Some references/guidelines have been updated M1 Design and construction of the building to make reasonable provision for people to gain access to and use building/facilities M2 Design and construction of an extension to the building to provide suitable independent access (unless through building) M3 Where sanitary conveniences are provided in a building that is to be extended then reasonable provision is to be made for sanitary conveniences in the extension (unless there is reasonable provision in the building that is readily accessible) M4 Sanitary conveniences are to be provided in the entrance storey of a dwelling or in the principal storey where the entrance storey contains no habitable rooms Building Regulations Approved Documents Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 PART P : ELECTRICAL SAFETY - DWELLINGS The current edition of Approved Document P has been updated/ re-formatted and replaces the previous edition • The range of electrical work that is notifiable has been reduced • Installers who are not a registered competent person may use a registered competent person to certify work as an alternative to Building Control • Technical guidance now referenced to BS 7671 2011 Amendment 1 P1 Reasonable provision shall be made in the design and installation of electrical installations in order to protect persons operating, maintaining or altering the installations from fire and injury. There are limits on application: • Electrical installations at low or extra low voltage • In or attached to a dwelling • In the common parts of a building serving one or more dwellings (but excludes electrical supplies to lifts) • In areas outside the dwelling (garden/external lights/ponds/PVP • In outbuildings/garages/greenhouses (even if in Schedule 2) Part P does not apply to electrical installations: In business premises in the same building as a dwelling but separately metered That supply power to lifts in blocks of flats Building Regulations Approved Documents Advice, identification and application of requirements? Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 REGULATION 7: MATERIALS and WORKMANSHIP The current edition of Approved Document Regulation 7 has been updated/ re-formatted and replaces the previous edition • The edition has been updated to reflect the full implementation of European Regulation 305/2011/EU-CPR covering construction products • The regulation requires that products covered by a harmonised European product standard of conforming to a European Technical Assessment should carry CE marking Building work to be carried out in a workmanlike manner with adequate and proper materials which are: Appropriate for the circumstances of use Adequately mixed or prepared Applied, installed, used or fixed so as to perform adequately their intended functions Materials includes products, components, fittings, naturally occurring materials, items of equipment and backfill for excavations Establish suitability of materials specified CE/Britishsuitability Standard/National Technical Specification from Establish of materials specified another country/Independent accredited certification scheme/ tests and calculations/past experience Short lived materials may be acceptable provided they are accessible for maintenance/replacement and no H&S issues The adequacy of workmanship may be established by methods covered by CE/BS/Independent Certification Schemes/ Management Systems/Past Experience/Testing (request by BCB) Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Building Notice Local Authority No certification Full Plans Approval Notice/Completion Certificate Regularisation Certificate of Regularisation Initial Notice Plans Certificate Insurance backed Final Certificate Competent Persons Register Certificate of Compliance Approved Inspector Self certification Determination and Appeals Relaxations and Dispensations 3rd Party Certification BC Performance Standards Planning Permission Listed Building Consent Building Regulations Approval – from where and from whom? Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Building Notices This is not an option if : Building work which is subject to Section 1 of the Fire Precautions Act 1971 Part II of the Fire Precautions (Workplace) Regulations 1997 For work which will be built close to or over the top of rainwater and foul drains shown on the map of sewers Where a new building will front onto a private street Issue notice and advise of intention to start and relevant date Additional information may be requested before or whilst the work is in progress The works will be inspected at strategic points in the construction sequence No completion certificate will be issued and no determination procedure is possible Building Notice is valid for three years Full Plans Applications Application should be made well in advance of work starting on site Local Authority will liaise and consult with the relevant authorities (fire and sewerage) Decision notice will be issued within five weeks (extended to two months by agreement) Advise of intention to start and relevant date The works will be inspected at strategic points in the construction sequence Determination procedure and appeals procedures are possible Completion certificate will be issued on satisfactory completion of the work Full Plans Approval Notice is valid for three years Building Regulations Limitations on Options Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Type of Information Building Notice Full Plans Identification The name and address of the person intending to carry out the work. The submission must be signed by that person or on their behalf Statement A statement that the notice is given for the purpose of Regulation 12(2)(a) Description Description of the proposed building work, renovation or replacement of a thermal element, change to the building’s energy status or material change of use A statement that the plans are deposited for the purpose of regulation 12(2)(b) Particulars of the location of the building and its use or intended use Information required for the erection or extension of a building A plan to a scale of not less than 1:1250 showing: • The size and position of the building or the building as extended and the relationship to adjoining boundaries • The boundaries of the curtilage of the building or the building as extended and the size, position and use of every other building or proposed building within that curtilage • The width and position of any street on or within the boundaries of the curtilage of the building or the building as extended A statement specifying the number of storeys (each basement level being counted as one storey) in the building The provision to be made for the drainage of the building or extension The steps to be taken to comply with any local enactment which applies Information required when H4 of Schedule 1 applies Not applicable Details of the precautions to be taken in a building over a drain, sewer or disposal main Fire Not applicable A statement as to whether the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies before/after completion Additional Information Not applicable Any plans required to show how the work would comply with the Regulations Number of copies of the submission One Two of which the local authority may retain one. Where Part B of Schedule 1 (Fire Safety) imposes a requirement an additional two copies of any such plans as demonstrate compliance with that requirement, both of which may be retained by the local authority (does not apply to dwellings) Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Approved Inspectors Just a few brief points………....………………………honest Approved Inspectors are authorised under the Building Act 1984 to provide building control service Register of approved companies is maintained by CIC (Construction Industry Council) Approved Inspectors must be independent, have no professional interest in the project and be insured Initial Notice must be served on the Local Authority in accordance with Schedule 1 Local Authority must accept or reject the notice within five days (rejection only acceptable under Schedule 2) Approved Inspector must liaise with Fire Authority and Sewerage Undertaker as necessary/appropriate Approved Inspector can be asked for Plans Certificate and issue with a copy to Local Authority Variations need incorporating within a revised notice and re-issued to the Local Authority cancelling the initial notice Approved Inspector monitors the work but should cessation of the service occur then the initial notice must be cancelled, a new Approved Inspector brought in and a new initial notice issued…………...and the process continued. Final Certificate is issued on completion and a copy sent to the Local Authority Local Authority must accept or reject the notice within ten days (rejection only acceptable under Schedule 4) Note that: if a building is occupied before issue of Final Certificate the initial notice ceases to have an effect There is some grace…………………………………………….8 weeks for erection/extension/material alteration ……………………………………………………………………………4 weeks for same where Regulatory Reform Order (Fire Safety) 2005 applies Once the initial notice ceases a Final Certificate cannot be issued and the Local Authority can revive its powers to enforce Approved Inspectors have no power to enforce the Building Regulations but can issue written notices confirming contravention There is three months to comply otherwise the Approved Inspector must cancel the initial notice……then it’s back to Local Authority Building Regulations Limitations on Options Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Disagreements and disputes • Disputes occur between people carrying out building work and building control body • Attempt should be made to reach agreement before procedure down a determination/appeal route • 2 principal procedures Determination • Disagreement over compliance with one or more of the requirements of the Building Regulations • Secretary of State resolves such matters Key Points to consider • Accepted that particular requirement of Building Regulations applies to project and proposals comply • Full Plans (Local Authority) or Plans Certificate (Approved Inspector) options only • Application usually made prior to commencement of work on site • Local Authority – anytime after submission of application/issue of rejection notice • Approved Inspector – anytime after refusal to issue a Plans Certificate • Usually based on the decision not to follow Approved Documents (Guidance Only) but belief that the proposals satisfy the Building Regulations • Fee is payable (£100minimum/£1000 maximum based on 50% of Local Authority plans charge) • Proceed quickly once disagreement with compliance confirmed/unresolved • Consider carefully implications of proceeding with works as proposed prior to resolution of dispute Building Regulations Approval - Disagreements Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Appeals • Requirements of Building Regulation considered inappropriate or too onerous • Request to Local Authority for relaxation/dispensation of requirements (Approved Inspector – needs discussion before proceeding) • Need to specify relaxation or dispensation • Right of Appeal to Secretary of State Building Regulations Approval - Disagreements Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014 Notification needs to be given where Local Authority is Building Control Body • Commencement: at least two days before the work is commenced • Completion: not more than five days after the work is completed And at set points in the construction process……….. • excavation for a foundation (before covering up) • the foundation itself (before covering up) • any damp proof course (before covering up) • any concrete or material laid over a site (before covering up) Non-compliant work will be identified and asked to be made compliant (either during the course of the work or within one year of completion) Enforcement – 28 days to make compliant Enforcement Appeal – 70 days to make compliant Liaise, Consult and Agree Building Regulations On-site approval, Notifications, Enforcement and Appeals Building Regulations Part 1_dhw_2014
