ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE IN DESIGN II
DIVA as the Catalyst for Design:
MIT Advanced Daylighting Project
Madeline Gradillas_msgrad@mit.edu
Catherine De Wolf_cdwolf@mit.edu
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
DIVA as a Design Tool for a Small Architecture Office in Boston
1 CONTEXT
Project Parameters and Initial Energy Models
2 STATIC SHADING
From Viper/Shaderade to DIVA
3 DYNAMIC SHADING
Daylight Autonomy, Glare, and View
4 ELECTRIC LIGHTING and ENERGY USE
Luminaire and Thermal Analysis
5 PROPOSAL FOR DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Shade Modification and Visualizations
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
CONTEXT – West Facade
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
CONTEXT – West Façade Static Shading Design
June 21
March 21
November 21
Solar Analysis with Ladybug Sunpath Diagrams
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
CONTEXT – West Façade Static Shading Design
June 21
March 21
November 21
Solar Analysis with DIVA Visualizations
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
STATIC SHADING DESIGN – Energy Analysis with Viper and Shaderade
Effect of Simple Horizontal and Vertical Shading Planes
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
STATIC SHADING DESIGN – Energy Analysis with Viper and Shaderade
Analysis of Perpendicular Planes – Exterior/Interior begin to influence each other.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
STATIC SHADING DESIGN – DIVA Daylighting Analysis and Design
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
VIPER   DIVA Materials and Energy Analysis
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
STATIC SHADING DESIGN – DIVA Analysis to Design Interior Conditions
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
POINT IN TIME ILLUMINANCE – Effects of Materials in Best/Worst Cases
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
POINT IN TIME ILLUMINANCE – Effects of Materials in Best/Worst Cases
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
POINT IN TIME ILLUMINANCE – Effects of Materials in Best/Worst Cases
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY– Effects of Materials and Interior Conditions
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY– Effects of Materials and Interior Conditions
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY– Effects of Materials and Interior Conditions
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY vs ENERGY USE
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
STATIC SHADING DESIGN – Energy Analysis with Viper and Shaderade
DIVA Visualizations to Check for Direct Light
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
STATIC SHADING DESIGN
Summer Solstice 3pm
Equinox 3pm
Winter Solstice 3pm
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
POINT IN TIME GLARE ANALYSIS
Figure 3:DGP
Point in=Time
on July 15
at 4pm.DGP = .25
Facing
Room
Facing Window
.76 Glare Analysis for Two Views
area of glare
for the clerestory
small compared to the area of glare from the view window. Figure 7DIVA
andDAY
Figure
Massachusetts
Institute of is
Technology
2015 8 sh
Christoph
Reinhart or not the opaque shade for the clerestory was necessary. London_October
23, 2015
ermediate 4.430
study| Professor
to determine
whether
The comparison
of
the front and sides may still enter, and a vertical opaque panel (50% reflectance) that operates to block only the lower view window
field during periods of intolerable glare (Figure 6). The panels are offset 4 inches parallel from the outer fixed panels so as not to
obstruct what little view this façade provides.
ANNUAL GLARE ANALYSIS
Figure 1: Annual Glare Analysis for View Facing Toward Window
Figure 2: Annual Glare Analysis for View Facing Away from Window
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
STATIC SHADING DESIGN
Physical Model and Heliodon Studies
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
DYNAMIC SHADING DESIGN
Base State
Figure 4: Field of View Out of Window for Users Facing Glare Source
Afternoon State
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
Figure 5: Dynamic Shade Located in Glare Field of View
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
Figure 5: Dynamic Shade Located in Glare Field of View
DYNAMIC SHADING DESIGN
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
DIVA DAY 2015
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
London_October 23, 2015
Figure 6: Exterior Renderings Showing Dynamic Shade Positions. Top: Base Shading State. Bottom: Dynamic Shading State.
DYNAMIC SHADING DESIGN
Afternoon
Sun
Shade
Afternoon
Sunofwith
StaticWindow
Shade
Figure
7: Falsecolor Image
View toward
for July 15 at 4pm. Left:
Base Shading
State.with
Right:Dynamic
Dynamic Shading
State.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
DYNAMIC SHADING DESIGN
Figure 7: Falsecolor Image of View toward Window for July 15 at 4pm. Left: Base Shading State. Right: Dynamic Shading State.
Figure 10: Annual Glare for Shading State 1
Figure 11: Direct Glare - December 12, 3pm
Figure 8: Point in Time Glare Analysis for Both Views with Dynamic Shade Engaged. July 15 at 4pm.
Facing Window 6pm DGP = .87
Facing
Window 1pm DGP = .87
Shade operation (Figure 9) is consistent with glare seen from the view facing the window, shown in Figure 1, where almost
Massachusetts
Institute
of Technology
DIVA
DAY
2015
every afternoon
the shades
are drawn.
Still, even with the dynamic shade employed, some direct intolerable glare
still
occurs,
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
London_October 23, 2015
especially in December and February (Figure 11). To cut out this glare might entail restricting the view further. The original
DYNAMIC SHADING DESIGN
Figure 9: Dynamic Shade Operation Schedule.
Figure 9: Dynamic Shade Operation Schedule.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Figure 10: Annual Glare for Shading State 1
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
DYNAMIC SHADING DESIGN – Daylight Autonomy Check
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
ELECTRIC LIGHTING DESIGN – Energy Efficient Luminaire Specification
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
Figure 14: Falsecolor overlay of lit work surfaces.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
ELECTRIC LIGHTING DESIGN – DIVA Electric Lighting Analysis
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
Final Iteration Energy Analysis – Addition of shading and lighting schedules.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
Energy Analysis – Differences Between Daylight and Thermal Models
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
Energy Analysis – EUI with Varying Equipment Loads
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
Figure 9: Dynamic Shade Operation Schedule.
Figure 9: Dynamic Shade Operation Schedule.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Figure 10: Annual Glare for Shading State 1
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
PROPOSAL FOR DESIGN DEVELOPMENT – Glare and View
Figure 7: Falsecolor Image of View toward Window for July 15 at 4pm. Left: Base Shading State. Right: Dynamic Shading State.
Figure 10: Annual Glare for Shading State 1
Figure 11: Direct Glare - December 12, 3pm
Figure 8: Point in Time Glare Analysis for Both Views with Dynamic Shade Engaged. July 15 at 4pm.
Facing Window 6pm DGP = .87
Facing
Window 1pm DGP = .87
Shade operation (Figure 9) is consistent with glare seen from the view facing the window, shown in Figure 1, where almost
Massachusetts
Institute
of Technology
DIVA
DAY
2015
every afternoon
the shades
are drawn.
Still, even with the dynamic shade employed, some direct intolerable glare
still
occurs,
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
London_October 23, 2015
especially in December and February (Figure 11). To cut out this glare might entail restricting the view further. The original
PROPOSAL FOR DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
During the morning shades are open to the view.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
PROPOSAL FOR DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
During the morning shades are open to the view.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
PROPOSAL FOR DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
In the afternoon shades fully close to block all direct light
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
PROPOSAL FOR DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
In the afternoon shades fully close to block all direct light
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
PROPOSAL FOR DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
In the evening shades block low sun but allow for some view.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
PROPOSAL FOR DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
In the evening shades block low sun but allow for some view.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015
Thank you
Questions?
Madeline Gradillas_msgrad@mit.edu
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4.430 | Professor Christoph Reinhart
DIVA DAY 2015
London_October 23, 2015