Nine-volt battery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Nine-volt battery
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The most common form of nine-volt battery is commonly
called the transistor battery, introduced for the early
transistor radios. This is a rectangular prism shape with
rounded edges and a polarized snap connector at the top.
This type is commonly used in pocket radios, smoke
detectors, carbon monoxide alarms, guitar effect units, and
radio-controlled vehicle controllers. They are also used as
backup power to keep the time in certain electronic clocks.
This format is commonly available in primary carbon-zinc
and alkaline chemistry, in primary lithium iron disulfide,
and in rechargeable form in nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal
hydride and lithium-ion. Mercury oxide batteries in this
form have not been manufactured in many years due to
their mercury content.
This type is designated NEDA 1604, IEC 6F22 and "Ever
[1]
Ready" type PP3 (zinc-carbon) or MN1604 6LR61
(alkaline).
Duracell PP3 (9 volt)
battery
Most nine-volt alkaline batteries are constructed of six
[2]
individual 1.5V LR61 cells enclosed in a wrapper. These
cells are slightly smaller than LR8D425 AAAA cells and can
be used in their place for some devices, even though they
are 3.5 mm shorter. Carbon-zinc types are made with six
flat cells in a stack, enclosed in a moisture-resistant
wrapper to prevent drying.
As of 2007, 9-volt batteries accounted for 4% of alkaline
primary battery sales in the US. In Switzerland as of 2008,
9-volt batteries totalled 2% of primary battery sales and 2%
[3] [4]
of secondary battery sales.
Other nine-volt batteries of different sizes exist, such as the
British "Ever Ready" PP series and certain lantern
batteries.
Collage of images showing
the opening of a 9-volt
battery to reveal six LR61
size cells, which are
similar to the LR8D425
AAAA cells often used in
medical equipment.
Contents
1
2
3
4
5
Connectors
History
Technical specifications
Self discharge
Lithium 9V/PP3
Alkaline battery showing
rectangular cell
construction.
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Nine-volt battery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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6
7
8
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-volt_battery
Other nine volt batteries
See also
References
External links
Connectors
Three different kinds of
9-volt primary battery
internals. (Left to Right)
Rectangular cell
zinc-carbon, rectangular
cell alkaline, cylindrical
cell alkaline.
The battery has both terminals in a snap connector on one
end. The smaller circular (male) terminal is positive, and
the larger hexagonal or octagonal (female) terminal is the
negative contact. The connectors on the battery are the
same as on the connector itself; the smaller one connects
[5]
to the larger one and vice versa. The same snap style
connector is used on other battery types in the Power Pack
(PP) series. Battery polarization is normally obvious since
Rechargeable (NiMH)
mechanical connection is usually only possible in one
9-volt battery internals.
configuration. A problem with this style of connector is that
it is very easy to connect two batteries together in a short
circuit, which quickly discharges both batteries, generating heat and possibly a fire.
The clips on the nine-volt battery can be used to connect several nine-volt batteries in
series to create higher voltage.
History
The PP3 appeared when portable transistorized radio receivers became common, and is
still called a "transistor" battery by some manufacturers. The Eveready company claims
[6]
Early transistorized radios and other
that it introduced this battery type in 1956.
equipment needed a low voltage battery, but the lowest voltage commonly available,
small battery at that time was a 22.5V battery made for vacuum tube/thermionic valve
hearing aids and for photo flash gun (using flash bulbs). The 22.5V voltage was at the
upper limit of the transistor voltage ratings, and it was clear that what was needed was
a battery of lower voltage and high enough capacity to run the transistor radios for a
reasonable time.
Technical specifications
These batteries are commonly named 9-volt, and also colloquially named PP3, Radio
battery, Square (sic) battery, and Japan "006P".
They all have a rectangular shape; the dimensions are height 48.5 mm, length 26.5 mm,
width 17.5 mm. Both terminals are at one end and their centres are 12.7 mm apart.
Inside an alkaline or carbon-zinc 9-volt battery there are six cells, either cylindrical or
flat type, connected in series. Some brands use welded tabs internally to attach to the
cells, others press foil strips against the ends of the cells.
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Nine-volt battery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Rechargeable nickel–cadmium (NiCd) and Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries have
between six and eight 1.2 volt cells. Lithium versions use three 3.2 V cells - there is a
rechargeable lithium polymer version. There is also a low self-discharge NiMH version.
Formerly, mercury batteries were made in this size. They had higher capacity than
carbon-zinc types, a nominal voltage of 8.4 volts, and very stable voltage output. Once
used in photographic and measuring instruments or long-life applications, they are now
unavailable due to environmental restrictions.
Type
Primary
(disposable)
Typical
capacity
(mAh)
Alkaline
6LR61 1604A
565
Zinc–carbon
6F22
1604D
400
1604LC
1200
Lithium
Rechargeable
IEC ANSI/NEDA
1
2
name
name
Nominal
voltage
9
9.6
NiCd
6KR61 11604
120
7.2 8.4
(some)
NiMH
6HR61 7.2H5
175-300
7.2
Lithium-ion
polymer
520
some:3
8.4
9.6
7.3
References:
^1 IEC 60086-2011 pt2-§7.6.1.12
^2 ANSI C18.1M Part 1 and C18.3M Part 1
^3 Does not apply to most batteries of the type
Devices designed to use "9V" batteries are generally designed to work properly over the
operating voltage range of a "9V" battery, from fully charged (typically up to 9.6 V) to
[7]
nearly dead (typically 5.0 V).
Self discharge
An alkaline battery that is unused or used with extremely low power consumption
devices (transistor leak current, etc.) can be expected to last approximately for 6 years,
essentially the shelf-life of a new battery.
Lithium 9V/PP3
Lithium 9-volt batteries are consumer-replaceable, high energy density batteries
designed to last up to 5 times longer than alkaline 9-volt batteries and up to 10 times
longer than carbon-zinc 9-volt batteries in many applications. In addition, lithium PP3
batteries have a long shelf life of up to 10 years. Common applications for lithium 9-volt
batteries are smoke / CO (Carbon Monoxide) alarms, and electronic parking meters.
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Nine-volt battery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine-volt_battery
Other nine volt batteries
There were several other sizes of nine volt batteries. Two are still available, the PP7 and
PP9. These date from the days of early transistor radios and are now less common than
PP3. The PP4, PP5, PP6, PP10 and PP11 (this latter battery was actually a 4.5+4.5 volt
battery) sizes have long been obsolete. There was no PP2 size, and the PP1 and PP8
were 6 volt (the latter being designed for electric fence use and is still available). In the
days of valve radios which used batteries designed specifically for vacuum tubes, there
was a nine volt grid bias battery or (US) 'C' battery which had tappings for various
voltages between 1.5 and 9.
See also
Battery eliminator
Battery nomenclature
List of battery sizes
References
1. ^ Duracell Catalogue or
IEC
2. ^ IEC 60086-2-2011
§7.6.1.12
3. ^ Life Cycle Impacts of
Alkaline Batteries with a
Focus on End-of-Life EPBA-EU
(http://www.epbaeurope.net
/documents
/NEMA_alkalinelca2011.pdf)
4. ^ [1]
(http://www.inobat.ch
/fileadmin/user_upload
/pdf_09
/Absatz_Statistik_2008.pdf)
INOBAT 2008 statistics.
5. ^ IEC 60086-2-2011
§7.6.1.12
6. ^ "Battery History"
(http://www.energizer.com
/learning-center/Pages
/battery-history.aspx) .
Energizer.com.
http://www.energizer.com
/learning-center/Pages
/battery-history.aspx.
Retrieved 2010-11-27.
7. ^ Duracell. "9V (6LR61)
datasheet"
(http://www.duracell.com
/media/en-US/pdf/gtcl
/Product_Data_Sheet
/NA_DATASHEETS
/MN1604_US_CT.pdf)
D, C, AA, AAA, AAAA &
9-volt batteries
External links
A Look Inside a 9 Volt Battery (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tr5ZB1eFhwc)
What charger should I use? (http://michaelbluejay.com/batteries/chargers.html/)
Your guide to types of household batteries (AAA, AA, C, D, and 9V)
(http://michaelbluejay.com/batteries/)
Brand Neutral Drawing Of 9 Volt Alkaline Battery based on ANSI Specifications
(http://www.batteryholders.org/9v-alkaline.pdf)
Brand Neutral Drawing Of 9 Volt Carbon Zinc Battery based on ANSI
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Nine-volt battery - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Specifications (http://www.batteryholders.org/9v-carbon%20zinc.pdf)
Brand Neutral Drawing Of 9 Volt Lithium Battery based on ANSI Specifications
(http://www.batteryholders.org/9V-LITHIUM.pdf)
Brand Neutral Drawing Of 9 Volt Rechargeable Battery based on ANSI
Specifications (http://www.batteryholders.org/9V-RECHARGE.pdf)
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Categories: Battery shapes
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