ENGR-101
Week 01: Introduction to Test Equipment
Today’s Agenda
11:00 Role Call
Welcoming Remarks
11:15 Experiment 1: Display various waveforms (with Autoscale)
11:35 Experiment 2: Triggering
11:55 Experiment 3: Display Manipulation (without Autoscale)
12:15 Experiment 4: Reading measurements (with cursors)
12:35 Discussion Points
13:00 Adjourn
Welcome to Drexel!
• MEM Professor since August 2000
• Director, Robotics Lab (street-level Bossone)
• Advised teams who won design competitions
• 5+ years of industry experience
• Fellow at NASA, Office of Navy Research and Boeing
• Served under POTUS at National Science Foundation
• Email: paul@coe.drexel.edu
• Web: http://www.mem.drexel.edu/pauloh.html
• TA: Robert Ellenberg (robert.william.ellenberg@drexel.edu)
According to Beloit College Mindset, the Class of 2015 (born around 1992)….
When someone mentions Fergie, you think…
But I think of…
The former Sarah Ferguson, the Duchess of York
Your first computer probably looked like
With a Pentium 3 CPU, 100+ MB Drive
1+ MB RAM, CD-Rom
My first computer looked like this…
Cassette tape drive (hours to load a game),
16K RAM, 8-bit CPU and what’s a CD-Rom?
Popular TV shows when I was a kid…
But you probably know them as the following movies…
The World of Tera
Worldwide Optical Content
Worldwide Printed Content
US Broadcast Media
Worldwide Film Content
Internet
Worldwide Magnetic Content
World Telephone Calls
Electronic Flow of New Info
Giga = 10^6
Tera = 10^12
103 TB
1,633 TB
14,893 TB
420,254 TB
532,897 TB
4,999,230 TB
17,200,000 TB
17, 903, 340 TB
Peta = 10^15
Zettabytes is Tomorrow…
1 Petabyte
1,000 TB or
250,000 DVDs
Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index Forecast 2007-2012
200 Terabytes
A digital library of all books ever written in
any language
100 Pentabytes
The amount of data produced in a single minute by a new
Particle collider at CERN
1 Exabyte
1,000 PB or
250M DVDs
5 Exabytes
A transcript of all words ever spoken
100 Exabytes
A video recording of all the meetings that took place last year
all over the world
1 Zettabyte
1,000 EB or
250B DVDs
1 Yottabyte
1,000 ZB or
250T DVDs
66 Zettabytes
The amount of visual information conveyed from the eyes to the
Brain of the entire human race in a single year
20 Yottabytes
A holographic snapshot of the earth’s surface
Paradigm Shifts in Teaching, Learning and Design
Old: Just-in-Case Teaching
Paradigm Shift
New: Just-in-Time Learning
Old: 3 R’s (Reading, Writing and Arithmetic)
Paradigm Shift in
Skill Development
New: 3 S’s (Search, Share and Simulate)
Yesterday
Paradigm Shift
In Design
Rules of Thumb
Build Prototypes
Expensive Testing
Demonstration
Prototyping
Prototyping Systems
Feasibility
Tomorrow
Analytical Synthesis Methods
Building Models
Simulation
Visualization
Rapid Prototyping
Virtual Reality
Optimal Solutions
Motivation for Today’s Lab
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbuqKKvcziA&feature=related
Myth Buster: Can an opera singer shatter a wine glass?
How would you go about testing and demonstrating this?
Experiment 1: Display various waveforms (with Autoscale)
Goal: Display sine wave at 1 kHz, 1 VPP, with 0 VDC offset
Step 1:
• Under “Tool” controls, press Wave Gen
• Connect one end of BNC cable on Function Generator’s “Output”
• Connect other end to Oscilloscope’s 1X connector
Step 2:
• Set “sine” waveform
• Set “Offset” 0 VDC
• Set “Frequency” 1 kHz
• Set “Amplitude” 1 VPP
Step 3:
• Press “Autoscale” button
Congratulations:
You should see a sine wave at the prescribed amplitude and frequency
Exercises: Generate and display:
1-1: Sine wave, 20 kHz, 4 VPP, 2 VDC offset
1-2: Triangle wave, 50 Hz, 100 mVPP, 0 VDC offset
1-3: Ramp wave, max freq (~100 kHz), max amp (~20 VPP) 0 VDC offset
Lab Notebook: At 0 VDC Offset, what are the function generator’s
1-A: Max and min peak-to-peak voltage for sine? For ramp?
1-B: Max and min frequency settings for sine? For ramp?
Experiment 2: Triggering
Goal: Display the waveform when a voltage level is met
Step 1:
• Generate ramp at 1 kHz, 2 VPP, 0 VDC offset
• On oscilloscope, press “Autoscale”
Step 2:
• On oscilloscope: Trigger – Mode - Auto
Step 3:
• Rotate “Level” knob to move the trigger (level) point up or down
Step 4: Rotate “Level” knob until trigger level is above the ramp
Exercise:
2-1: In lab notebook, explain what happened and why
Experiment 3: Display Manipulation (without Autoscale)
Goal: Customizing the display
Step 1:
Step 2:
• Generate sine wave at 1 kHz, 1 VPP, with 0 VDC offset
• Rotate the Volts/div knob to zoom waveform
• Rotate the Position knob to reposition waveform vertically
500 mV
Step 3:
• Rotate Time/div knob
Period = 5*200 us = 1000 us = 1 ms
200 uS
Frequency = 1/T so, have a 1 kHz
sine wave
Exercise: Partner 1 randomly set generator (and cover display). Partner 2
must capture, display and report signal frequency, VPP and Offset
3-1: Sine: f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz, VPP = 1 to 4 V, Offset = 0 to 2 VDC
3-2: Triangle: f = 1 Hz to 50 Hz, VPP = 10 mV to 100 mV at 0 VDC offset
3-3: Ramp: f = 10 kHz to 100 kHz, VPP = 2 to 20 V, 0 VDC offset
Lab Notebook:
3-A: Rotate Time/div and record oscilloscope’s max and min time resolution
3-B: Rotate Volts/div and record oscilloscope’s max and min voltage resolution
Experiment 4: Reading measurements (with cursors)
Goal: Use voltage and time cursors to read measurements
Step 1:
Step 2:
• Generate ramp wave at 50 Hz, 200 mV VPP, with 0 VDC offset
• Select Measure – Time - Cursor
Exercise: Partner 1 randomly set generator (and cover display). Partner 2
use cursors to report signal frequency, VPP and Offset
4-1: Sine: f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz, VPP = 1 to 4 V, Offset = 0 to 2 VDC
4-2: Triangle: f = 1 Hz to 50 Hz, VPP = 10 mV to 100 mV at 0 VDC offset
4-3: Ramp: f = 10 kHz to 100 kHz, VPP = 2 to 20 V, 0 VDC offset
Discussion Points
Take Home Points:
• Understand and visualize output signals (hence function generator)
• Question: Why only sine, square, ramp, triangle?
• Hint: Fourier theorems, derivatives and integrals
• Measure signals (hence oscilloscope)
• Question: What’s a transducer?
• Hint: Oscilloscope only measures voltages
• Autoscale is nice feature but usually works for periodic signals
Myth Buster: Can an opera singer shatter a wine glass?
How would you go about testing and demonstrating this?
Things to think about: Resonance versus Amplification
Myth Busters Breaking Glass With Human Voice 1/3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9FrMkhQoA4
Myth Busters Breaking Glass With Human Voice 2/3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHSGd2X1nc8&feature=related
Myth Busters Breaking Glass With Human Voice 3/3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXV45t6wlWU&feature=related
Doh-Ray-Mee-Fah-Soh-Lah-Tee-Doh
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
Source: http://www.intmath.com/Trigonometric-graphs/music.php
http://www.pianoeletronico.com.br/index-en.html
Next Time: Week 02 – Shutter Speed Measurement
• Bring camera: A disposable camera will be disassembled
• Search and read about disposable cameras
• http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5031419_disposable-cameras-made.html
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emjm-HJAsME&feature=related
• Search how camera flashes work
• http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/camera-flash1.htm
• What are coil guns and tasers?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epaMq1vee_c
• What is a film ASA rating and how does this relate to shutter speed?
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_speed
• Roughly calculate the shutter speed needed for a disposable camera