Biomass to Hydrogen Power
Clean Energy Systems and Green Hydrogen
Proton Power, Inc.
487 Sam Rayburn Parkway
Lenoir City, Tennessee 37771
Tel: (865) 376-9002
Fax: (865) 376-1802
www.protonpowerinc.com
Companies have touched lives
• Neutron absorbers- Electrical generation
– Al2O3-B4C Burnable neutron absorbers
– B4C Control Rod Material
• Test Reactor Fuel-Radioisotopes for 10 Million people.
• Aircraft brakes for Boeing 767 and 777 plus military.
• Made first 2800C production furnaces for high strength,
high modulus carbon fibers.
• Developed ceramic punch technology and equipment to
make Coors the thinnest beer cans in world.
In 2006 started into renewable energy sector.
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Proton Power’s Technology - Cellulose To Hydrogen Power (CHyP)
…And Make This…
We Take This…
Electricity
Energy
Crops
Liquid Fuels
Water
MSW
Heat
Woody
Waste
In A Way That Is
Carbon Negative
Biochar
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Overview
• Biomass to Hydrogen Gasification for green hydrogen, power
generation, and liquid fuel.
• Highest H2 content (65%) of any syngas output
• Early commercialization: First 5 customers.
• Backlog of orders: $648 Million
• Active outstanding bids: $4 Billion
• 11 submitted patents, 1 issued.
• 4 locations 90,000 sq. ft. of office and manufacturing on 125 acres.
• Experienced manufacturing team of >70 employees including 20
engineers.
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Power Plant in Progress (April 2013)
Project in approx. 0.5 Acre of land: 0.5MW now, can fit up to 3.0MW
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Power Plant in Progress (cont.)
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Flare before genset startup
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Wampler Startup
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General Advantages of CHyP Engine
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Lower cost of energy than fossil fuels.
Eliminates the need for a hydrogen distribution system.
Hydrogen storage systems are eliminated.
The systems are scalable to suit the application.
The cellulose fuel is renewable.
The by-product of burning hydrogen is water.
Much of fuel could be waste products.
Process is carbon negative.
CHyP system can provide energy all ways energy used:
heat, electricity, and liquid fuel.
911/13/2013
Proton Power, Inc.
Proton Power Advantage
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65%
BTU/scf
150
4-40%
Proton
Power
Industry
Gas Output
BTU/scf
Proton
Power
Industry
Gas Power Density
• Proton Power measured hydrogen content is 65% by
volume compared with a 15% industry average
• Energy density >50% higher than industry average
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Operational Advantages Of The CHyP Process
• No Drying of Biomass Feedstock Required
• Flexible to Many Different Biomass
Feedstocks
• One-stage Process for Electricity
Production
• No Waste Streams Produced
• Same First Stage for Electricity and Fuels
• Works with Current Diesel Gensets for
Supplementation
Low Capital, Production Costs  Excellent ROIs
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Performance Independently Verified
Gas Composition Testing By Shaw Environmental
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Cellulosic Biomass to Hydrogen Power (CHyP)
• Thermal gasification process for lignocellulosic feedstocks
• 65% H2, 30%CO2, <5% CO, ash, tars in output stream
• H2, CO2 main produced gases for H2 production,
electricity generation, CHP
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Electricity
• 1200 kwh per tonne of biomass (measured bone dry)
• Combustion product is mostly water
• CHyP syngas output can be varied for genset operation
– 40% H2 / 40% CO / 10% CH4 / 10% CO21
– Energy content up to 400 Btu/scfm – lowers genset derate
• Systems scalable upward from 250 kw
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Cellulosic Feedstocks Demonstrated
• Ag/forest residues, paper waste,
wood chips, sawdust, paper
• Energy crops – switchgrass
• Process gasifies cellulose,
hemicelluloses and lignins
• Excellent fuel LCA (>85% CO2
reduction) with waste streams
• Carbon-negative with switchgrass
and other energy crops
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Cellulose
38-50%
Lignin
15-25%
HemiCellulose
23-32%
Biomass Successfully Tested By PPI
- for CHyP
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Miscanthus
Switchgrass
Railroad Ties - Borate, Creosote &
QNAP coatings
Green Urban Waste - Yard
Trimmings
Cotton Gin Trash
Municipal Solid Waste - Compost &
Autoclave
Palm Fronds
Palm Kernel Shells
Hickory
Bagasse
Pine Bark
Virginia Pine
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Cedar
Grass Hay
Mesquite
Red Oak
White Oak
Flooring Waste - Hardwood Flour
& Nylon Carpet
Spruce
Poplar
Lint
Bamboo
Mixed Paper
Corn Stover
Wood pellets
Electricity Economics
• Favorable Scaling - Distributed, Community, Industrial and Utility
• Waste disposal and power generation for excellent customer ROI
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EIA Cost of Electricity Study
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CHyP Is Lowest Cost System!
CHyP Hydrogen Costs
• Thermal reactor developed to maximize generation of hydrogen
utilizing cellulose.
• 1 Kg H2 = 92% energy content of 1 gallon gasoline
• CHyP costs for 1 Kg H2 :
– Waste Cellulose: $.30-0.78/Kg H2
– Biofuels (switchgrass, miscanthus): $0.75/Kg H2
– Includes costs of growing, harvesting, shipping, chopping, generation.
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11/13/2013
Proton Power, Inc. Proprietary
H2 Production Economics
• Plant Capital Costs (mid-scale)
– $15 Million : 1 tonne/hr CHyP hydrogen plant
– $25 Million : Commercial hydrogen-natural gas reform plant
• H2 Feedstock Cost
– CHyP: $0.40 – 0.80/kg depending on cellulose source
– NG reform plant: $1-2/kg depending on gas price
• H2 Merchant Market Price
– Wholesale rail: $5-10/kg depending on NG price, delivery location
– Wholesale truck: $5-$20/kg depending on NG price, delivery location
– Retail truck: $20-$50/kg depending on quantity, delivery location
• Production plant savings using CHyP generator
– $24,000/day @ $1/kg H2, payback in 2 years
• End-user savings using CHyP generator
– $120,000/day @ $5/kg H2, payback in 5 months
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Energy Payback Ratios
Energy Payback Ratios
Solar Thermal
Wind
Nuclear
CHyP Waste
Energy Source
Natural Gas
CHyP Biofuel
Cellulosic Ethanol
Photovoltaics
Oil
Coal
Coal Gasification
Fuel Cells
Corn Ethanol
0
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5
10
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Energy Out/Energy In
Proton Power, Inc. Proprietary
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CHyP Hydrogen Generation
• Test results show average leverage of power out/heat in = 20.25
• Heat to produce 1 kg H2=1.65 kW-hr.
• Electrolysis, by comparison =55 kWe-hr for 1 kg H2
• Natural gas consumes 13 kW-hr in form of lost heating value when
used to produce 1 kg H2.
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CO2 Emissions by Fuel Type (kg/MWh)
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Synthetic Fuel Environmental Life cycle analysis
• Impact category
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Ozone depletion
Global warming
Smog
Acidification
Eutrophication
Carcinogenics
Non carcinogenics
Respiratory effects
Ecotoxicity
Fossil fuel depletion
-1.4E-05
-820.572
-33.3361
-3.60469
-24.8522
-6.1E-05
-0.00062
-0.22115
-10776.5
-14.28201
kg CFC-11 eq
kg CO2 eq
kg O3 eq
kg SO2 eq
kg N eq
CTUh
CTUh
kg PM2.5 eq
CTUe
MJ surplus
PPI History
PPI Started Oct, 2005
Bought LC PLant
2nd Liquid Fuels Order
Wampler’s Order
Bought Rockwood Plant
2008
2009
P1
P2
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
P3
P5
Wampler’s Startup
Prototypes
1st Liquid Fuels Order
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Sale of UT Unit
PPI Facilities - 3 Sites
Lenoir City, TN
The “Farm””
Lenoir City, TN
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Rockwood, TN
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Work began in 2008
Original site of engineering, design and
laboratory
4800 ft2 office, 3000 ft2 lab
40 acres available for expansion
Purchased in February 2012
HQ, engineering, design and CHyP
production
20,000 ft2 manufacturing, 3,000 ft2 office
3 acres available for expansion
Purchased in February, 2013
Liquid fuels engineering, design,
fabrication, assembly and testing
Pilot liquid fuels system: 1M gal/yr
48,000 ft2 manufacturing, 7000 ft2 office
on 83 acre site
112 Acres with 85,800 ft2 Combined
20,000 sq. ft. Proton Power Fabrication Facility
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February 2013
Proton Power Expansion Plans
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Team
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Dr. Sam C. Weaver Ph.D. Metallurgical Engineering, UT –Chairman, CEO and Co-founder,
Dan Hensley–COO-Business partner with Dr. Weaver for 40 years
Samuel P. Weaver–VP, Co-founder-CEO, Cool Energy, B.S. Engineering Applied Science, Caltech
Jim Bierkamp- Manager, Business Development, MS, Mechanical Engineering
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Greg Shillings–B.S., Electrical Engineering, Tennessee Tech
Terrence Johnson–B.S. Mechanical Engineering, UT
Nick Shaffer-B.S. Mechanical Engineering, UT
Bryan Biss-B.S. Bioengineering, UT
Sally Almond- B.S. Chemical Engineering, FSU, M.S. Environmental Science, PE
Henry Webber-B.S. Electrical Engineering
Stephen Davis- B.S. Mechanical Engineering, UT
David Borden-B.S. Mechanical Engineering, Tennessee Tech
Dr. Jeff Hodgson–Ph. D. Mechanical Engineering, UT
Dr. Mike Maskarinec- B.S. Chemistry-Notre Dame, Ph.D, Indiana University
Frank Medio-B.S. Electrical Engineering
Mark Lester-Welding Engineer
Dillion Alley-Bioengineering, UT
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David Georgis– Director of Operations. BSEE, CU
Lee Smith, BS, Mechanical Engineering, RPI
Brian Nuel, MS, Mechanical Engineering, U. Ill.
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Ryan Paquette, BS, Mechanical Engineering, CU
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Dan Harrison, BS, Eng. and Applied Science, Caltech
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Scaleable (0.25 MW – 500 MW)
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5 MW
0.5 MW
500 MW
3 MW
CHyP Platform Applications
• Supplement diesel fuel generators- up to 80% hydrogenEquipment payback < 1 yr
• Supplement or run natural gas generators- up to 100% hydrogenEquipment payback 2-4 years
• Demolition wood waste-Power generation:
– Binds toxic materials into non-leachable form
– Reduces volume going into land fills by 96%
– Equipment payback: 2-3 years
• Fuel Cell/CHyP system:
– Totally quiet
– Low maintenance
– Efficiency 60% higher than ICE
• Cheap hydrogen for biomass to liquid fuel.
• Automotive fuel-supplement for diesel.
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Competitive Landscape
Company
Proton Power
Tennessee
Energy
Products
Community
Power
Nexterra Energy
Fuel Type
Hydrogen
Output
Gas Ene
BTU / scf
Scale
Application
cellulose
65%
230
500kW – 5MW
DG, CHP, IPP & H2
mill residues,
ag. crops & wastes
animal wastes
municipal wastes
0%
180-200
CHP
16MW
DG. Mostly EPC and
fluidized bed energy
systems
Wood chips
Sawdust
20%
120-165
5-75kW
DG
wood residue
~4-40%
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1.38 MWe
CHP
~4-40%
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wood chips, saw
dust, grain hulls,
corn stalks,
switchgrass, straw
4-40%
150-300
sawdust, ag waste,
paper pellets, rail
road ties
~4-40%
130 – 150
2 – 20 MW
CHP
15%
130 - 150
100 – 500 KW
DG
~4-40%
150 - 300
1 – 10MW
CHP
Kopf
Frontline
BioEnergy
Chiptec
Ankur Scientific
Flex Energy
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Carbona
low BTU
waste gases
~4-40%
CHP
100 kWe-PPI vs. CPI
PPI 100 kWe
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CPI 100 kWe
Average shale gas production profiles
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How cheap is natural gas?
• Consumer Price Index: June 1989-June 2013: Up 88%
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Natural gas wellhead price: Up 103%
Natural gas citygate price: Up 93%
Natural gas commercial price: Up 99%
Natural gas residential price: Up 128%
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Proton Power Bio-Oil System at UT
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Hydrotreated Bio-oil
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Distilled Product: Diesel, Jet Fuel, Gasoline
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Lower Heating Value in PPI Green Diesel Process
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Starting biomass: 6000-9000 BTU/lb
Bio-oil as produced: 9966 BTU/lb
As-Hydrotreated: 16304 BTU/lb
As-Hydrocracked: 18,433 BTU/lb
• Low sulfur diesel: 18,320 BTU/lb
• Crude oil: 18,352
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Example 4.8M Gal/Yr Green Diesel Facility
Biomass Storage
Biomass Transfer
CHyP Syngas
Production
Green Diesel
Storage & Loading
Biochar Storage
& Loading
Green Diesel
Refining
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Biomass to Liquid Fuel Economics
• Plant size: 50,000 liters/day
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Assumed selling price: $0.83/liter
Yield: 400 liters/tonne biomass (bone dry)
O & M cost: $0.137/liter
Biomass: $60/tonne
2.5 year payback
Liquid fuel production cost: $0.45/liter ($1.70/gal)
Proton Power Summary
• High hydrogen output and syngas energy density
• Team with prior product development, mfg history
• Demonstrated technology, customers
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Large Vacuum Furnace
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Proton Power, Inc. Proprietary
CVD Furnace
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Chemical Vapor Deposition
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Proton Power, Inc. Proprietary
High temperature, controlled atmosphere
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Proton Power, Inc. Proprietary
Large Ceramic Furnace
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2800C Fuel Cell Carbon-Carbon
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High Pressure, High Temperature
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CVD High Temperature
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Relationship of Energy to Wealth
Mean
World Median
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Source: IEA 2006
TOTAL MARKET
• Current Continuous World energy use: 15 TW
• World energy demand: 84 TW
• Need to add 2 TW/yr of new energy supply forever
• Annual World Biomass availability:
– Currently sustainable: 7.53 TW
– Theoretically harvestable: 81 TW
– Total annual production: 125 TW
• Engines required: 20 Million (Current automotive: 78 M)
• Automotive increased by this amount: 2001-2010
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Economic Benefit
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New energy installs annual: $5000 Billion.
Manufacturing jobs: 50 Million.
10 Million new support jobs each year.
600 Million jobs after 60 years.
• Biggest business opportunity in history.
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Future of Energy
• Current: Fossil Fuels: Limited to about 100 years
– Increasing costs as fossil fuels consumed
• Current: Nuclear: Limited because
– No recycle
– No burial
– No liquid fuels
• Future: Sustainable, renewable: Unlimited
– Wind: Discontinuous
– Solar: Discontinuous
– Biomass: Continuous
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Effect of Rotting Waste Biomass
1MWe CHyP avoids: 82,811 tonnes CO2e over 10 yr
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A carbon negative future
• Fossil fuels currently produce 88% of world energy.
• Replacing fossil fuels with CHyP:
– Reduces CO2 by 3 Gt/y from natural events
– Reduces CO2 by 6.5 Gt/y from CHyP
– Reduces CO2 in air by 10 ppm/y
• Increasing world energy production with CHyP by 44%
– Neutralizes carbon emissions from fossils
• When fossil fuels fall below 61% the CO2 content begins
to decrease (if the increase is by CHyP)
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