POLITICAL CHANGES TAKE PLACE (1825-1838)
The United States saw many political changes with the next three Presidents-John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, and Martin
Van Buren. New political parties were formed. People in the nation's three regions became more divided on their government
needs. Over the next few days, we will learn about these political changes in the United States
LEARNING TARGETS
1. To list the three regions of the United States in the early 1800s and describe the main interests of each region
2. To explain why the Tariff of 1828 caused problems for the federal government
3. To describe the ways in which Andrew Jackson was different from Presidents before him
4. To describe the rebellion led by Nat Turner and explain its importance
5. To explain why the American Indian relocation west of the Mississippi is known as the "Trail of Tears"
6. To describe major events in the struggle for Texas independence
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JOHN QUINCY ADAMS BECOMES AN UNPOPULAR PRESIDENT
- John Quincy Adams got off to a bad start as President when he took office in 1825
- Many people felt that Adams had made a deal in order to win the election
- Though Adams was capable and experienced in government, he was thought to be unfriendly
- Right from the beginning, he was not a popular President
- By 1824, the three regions of the country had become even more different & Adams didn't consider the three parts separately
- He believed that the job of the central government was to lead the country as a whole
WHY WAS THE TARIFF OF 1828 PASSED?
- A bill passed in 1828 imposed tariffs on imported goods to protect _______________ ________________
- The tariff was intended to raise prices of products made in foreign countries
- Foreign products would be more expensive than domestic items
- Americans would be more likely to buy ___________________ U.S. goods
- The South did not like the tariff system as people in the South were farmers-not manufacturers
- Tariffs ________________ the ______________ of the products they needed
- Northerners depended on industry and wanted even higher taxes on imported goods
- Passing the bill caused Adams to become more disliked, Andrew Jackson gained popularity, & John Calhoun of South Carolina
became very separate leader of the South
THE 1828 ELECTION
- As early as 1825, Andrew Jackson began his election campaign
- Jackson, Senator Martin Van Buren of New York & other members of Congress separated from the Democratic-Republicans
- They formed the ___________________ Party & they nominated Jackson
- Members of Adams's party became the National Republicans & they nominated, John Quincy Adams for a second term
- Jackson won & ___________________ were excited by his victory as thousands of Americans attended Jacksons' inauguration
WHAT WAS THE SPOILS SYSTEM?
- When Jackson took office in 1829, he believed that government work required no special experience
- The person only needed to be a __________ ________________ of the party
- Some government workers who had not supported Jackson were fired as Jackson gave government jobs to loyal supporters
- This practice became known as the _________ ____________
HOW DID JACKSON SET UP HIS CABINENT?
- "Old Hickory," as President Jackson was called, was a man of the average people
- Instead of turning to his cabinet for advice, he called upon his friends
- When his friends visited the White House, they entered through the kitchen to avoid attention
- These unofficial advisers became known as Jackson's _______________ _______________
- Jackson considered it his duty to carry out the wished of the people & most of the American people trusted him
GROWING TENSION IN THE SOUTH OVER THE NAT TURNER SLAVE REVOLT
- In 1831, an enslaved African from Virginia named Nat Turner set out to ___________ all __________ in America
- His master had allowed Turner to learn to read
- Having become a preacher at an early age, Turner wanted to end slavery
- He and a group of his followers killed about _________ slave owners and their families across Virginia
- When they were stopped, Turner and about 20 of the others were hanged
- After the revolt, however more than 100 innocent enslaved Africans were killed by fearful masters
- The revolt led by Nat Turner was the most serious slave revolt in American history
- The white southerners realized more than ever that the Africans were not about to remain enslaved without a fight
- For the slaves, the name Nat Turner came to represent the courage to fight oppression by ____________ means necessary
WHAT PROBLEMS DEVELOPED OVER TARIFFS?
- The South and the West had strongly opposed the tariff act passed under Adams in 1828
- It ____________ the _______________ of the manufactured goods they needed
- Northerners, however, wanted even higher taxes on imports so their goods would cost _____________ than ____________
- A new tariff act was passed in 1832 that lowered some of the tariffs
- Neither the North nor the South was pleased
- The protective tariff continued to cause problems during Jackson's term
- Vice President John Calhoun, a southerner, found himself in a difficult position
- He depended upon the political support of plantation owners, yet he disliked speaking against the President
- He proposed that a __________ be able to decide whether a law was _________________
- The state could turn down a law it thought to be unfair
- The South Carolina legislature, in turn, passed the Ordinance of _____________________
- In this act, the people of this state declared that the tariff laws did not apply to them
- They said that federal officials would not get the duties from their state
- They also said that forced collection would cause South Carolina to ________________ from the ______________
- Jackson was a strong supporter of states' rights, but he also loved his country
- Jackson sent a message to South Carolina, making his position clear
- All states would have to obey the laws if the country were to remain a Union
- No one state would be permitted to challenge the _______________ of the _________________