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Chapter 5 Transistors
A transistor is a semiconductor device. It is used to amplify and switch electronic signals an
power.
A transistor is composed of semiconductor material and has at least three terminals for
connection to other external circuit.
The semiconductors can be:
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Germanium
Silicon
Gallium arsenide
Carbon graphene
5.1 Transistor symbols
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Figure 6.1 transistor symbols , JFET (Field effect Transistor,) Darlington bipolar transistor
5.2 Transistor values
The main important values of a transistor are:
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Power dissipation
Maximum Collector(c) – Emitter(e) Voltage (bipolar transistor)
Maximum Drain (D) – Source (S) Voltage ( FET)
Maximum current
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Maximum frequency
5.3 Transistor Packages
5.4 Number standards
5.4.1 Japanese Industrial Standards
JIS Transistor Prefix Table
Prefix
Type of transistor
2SA
high-frequency p–n–p BJTs
2SB
audio-frequency p–n–p BJTs
2SC
high-frequency n–p–n BJTs
2SD
audio-frequency n–p–n BJTs
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2SJ
P-channel FETs (both JFETs and MOSFETs)
2SK
N-channel FETs (both JFETs and MOSFETs)
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5.4.2 European Electronic component manufacturers Association (EECA)
Pro Electron / EECA Transistor Prefix Table
Prefix class
Type and usage
Example
AC
Germanium small-signal AF transistor
AC126
AD
Germanium AF power transistor
AD133
AF
Germanium small-signal RF transistor
AF117
AL
Germanium RF power transistor
ALZ10
AS
Germanium switching transistor
ASY28
AU
Germanium power switching transistor
AU103
BC
Silicon, small-signal transistor ("general purpose")
BC548
BD
Silicon, power transistor
BD139
BF
Silicon, RF (high frequency) BJT or FET
BF245
BS
Silicon, switching transistor (BJT or MOSFET)
BS170
BL
Silicon, high frequency, high power (for transmitters)
BLW60
BU
Silicon, high voltage (for CRT horizontal deflection circuits)
BU2520A
CF
Gallium Arsenide small-signal Microwave transistor (MESFET) CF739
CL
Gallium Arsenide Microwave power transistor (FET)
CLY10
5.4.3 Joint Electron Devices Engineering Council (JEDEC)
The JEDEC EIA370 transistor device numbers usually start with "2N", indicating a threeterminal device (dual-gate field-effect transistors are four-terminal devices, so begin with 3N
For example , 2n2222 or 2N3050.
Chapter 6 Diodes
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In electronics , a diode is a two- terminal electronic component with asymmetric conductance.
The diode has low resistance to current in one direction. (compare with a valve)
6.1 diodes symbols
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led
photodiode
Figure 6.1 Diode symbols
6.2 Diode values
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The main value for diodes is the maximum current.
Beside that The voltage over the diode when current is there differs.
A silicon diode has 0.7 Volts, a Germanium diode has 0.3 Volt.
For LED’s these depends on the color.
Figure 6.2 LED Forward voltage, for different values
6.3 Diode Packages
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Figure 6.3 types of diodes SMD
Chapter 7 Integrated circuits (IC)
An integrated circuit (IC) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate of semiconductor
Figure 7.1 IC (without package)
7.1 IC Symbols
Because of the many functions of IC’s there are also many symbols for IC.
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Figure 4.1 Some IC symbols
7.2 Values
Because of the many functions of chips there is not much to say about values in
common IC’s.
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7.3 Packages
There are many sort of package possiblities for IC’s
Most common are the Dual in Line package, for throught hole PCB
Figure 7.2 Some typical Packages of IC’s
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Figure 7.3 Size and Pin count
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Figure 7.4 Dot: pin number 1
Figure 7.5 ATMGA328 example pinout
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Figure 7.5 IC’s on Arduino
Sources:
Wikipedia
All websites form 12 september 2014
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