HARDWARE , an introduction SAXION TI/EL
Chapter 5 Transistors
A transistor is a semiconductor device. It is used to amplify and switch electronic signals an power.
A transistor is composed of semiconductor material and has at least three terminals for connection to other external circuit.
The semiconductors can be:
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Germanium
Silicon
Gallium arsenide
Carbon graphene
5.1 Transistor symbols
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HARDWARE , an introduction SAXION TI/EL
Figure 6.1 transistor symbols , JFET (Field effect Transistor,) Darlington bipolar transistor
5.2 Transistor values
The main important values of a transistor are:
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Power dissipation
Maximum Collector(c) – Emitter(e) Voltage (bipolar transistor)
Maximum Drain (D) – Source (S) Voltage ( FET)
Maximum current
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HARDWARE , an introduction
Maximum frequency
5.3 Transistor Packages
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5.4 Number standards
5.4.1 Japanese Industrial Standards
JIS Transistor Prefix Table
Prefix Type of transistor
2SA high-frequency p–n–p BJTs
2SB audio-frequency p–n–p BJTs
2SC high-frequency n–p–n BJTs
2SD audio-frequency n–p–n BJTs
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HARDWARE , an introduction SAXION TI/EL
2SJ P-channel FETs (both JFETs and MOSFETs)
2SK N-channel FETs (both JFETs and MOSFETs)
5.4.2 European Electronic component manufacturers Association (EECA)
Pro Electron / EECA Transistor Prefix Table
Prefix class Type and usage Example
AS
AU
BC
AC
AD
AF
AL
Germanium small-signal AF transistor
Germanium AF power transistor
Germanium small-signal RF transistor
Germanium RF power transistor
Germanium switching transistor
Germanium power switching transistor
Silicon, small-signal transistor ("general purpose")
BD
BF
BS
Silicon, power transistor
Silicon, RF (high frequency) BJT or FET
Silicon, switching transistor (BJT or MOSFET )
BD139
BF245
BS170
BL
BU
Silicon, high frequency, high power (for transmitters) BLW60
Silicon, high voltage (for CRT horizontal deflection circuits) BU2520A
CF Gallium Arsenide small-signal Microwave transistor ( MESFET ) CF739
CLY10 CL Gallium Arsenide Microwave power transistor ( FET )
5.4.3 Joint Electron Devices Engineering Council (JEDEC)
AC126
AD133
AF117
ALZ10
ASY28
AU103
BC548
The JEDEC EIA370 transistor device numbers usually start with "2N", indicating a threeterminal device (dual-gate field-effect transistors are four-terminal devices, so begin with 3N
For example , 2n2222 or 2N3050.
Chapter 6 Diodes
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HARDWARE , an introduction SAXION
In electronics , a diode is a two- terminal electronic component with asymmetric conductance.
The diode has low resistance to current in one direction. (compare with a valve)
6.1 diodes symbols
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HARDWARE , an introduction SAXION TI/EL
Figure 6.1 Diode symbols photodiode
6.2 Diode values
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HARDWARE , an introduction SAXION
The main value for diodes is the maximum current.
Beside that The voltage over the diode when current is there differs.
A silicon diode has 0.7 Volts, a Germanium diode has 0.3 Volt.
For LED’s these depends on the color.
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Figure 6.2 LED Forward voltage, for different values
6.3 Diode Packages
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HARDWARE , an introduction SAXION TI/EL
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HARDWARE , an introduction SAXION TI/EL
Figure 6.3 types of diodes SMD
Chapter 7 Integrated circuits (IC)
An integrated circuit (IC) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate of semiconductor
Figure 7.1 IC (without package)
7.1 IC Symbols
Because of the many functions of IC’s there are also many symbols for IC.
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HARDWARE , an introduction SAXION TI/EL
Figure 4.1 Some IC symbols
7.2 Values
Because of the many functions of chips there is not much to say about values in common IC’s.
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HARDWARE , an introduction SAXION
7.3 Packages
There are many sort of package possiblities for IC ’s
Most common are the Dual in Line package, for throught hole PCB
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Figure 7.2 Some typical Packages of IC’s
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HARDWARE , an introduction SAXION TI/EL
Figure 7.3 Size and Pin count
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HARDWARE , an introduction SAXION
Figure 7.4 Dot: pin number 1
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Figure 7.5 ATMGA328 example pinout
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HARDWARE , an introduction SAXION TI/EL
Figure 7.5 IC’s on Arduino
Sources:
Wikipedia
All websites form 12 september 2014
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