Electrical Engineering
Power
Radar,
Antennas,
Communications
Computers
Feedback,
Control,
Systems
All of this is made possible through the use of
semiconductor devices and circuits!
Solid State Electronics
Electrical Engineering
Ultra-Low Power
Communications
Computers
Analog and Digital
Signal Processing
Feedback,
Control,
Systems
All of this is made possible through the use of
semiconductor devices and circuits!
Solid State Electronics
Made Possible By Semiconductors
Solid State Electronics
Semiconductor Progress
First Integrated Circuit
Texas Instruments - 1958
First Transistor
Bell Laboratory - 1947
7,000,000 Transistors
Motorola PC 620 - 1997
IBM's POWER6
790 million transistors
4.7 GHz, 2007
Solid State Electronics
Paradigm Shifts
u
Computers
n Main frame  desktop  laptop  netbook
n
Music
u 78 rpm record  audio tape  CD  mp3 player
Solid State Electronics
Over the past 60 years, computers have revolutionized our life
and led to the information revolution.
In 1983, ASU was thinking about acquiring a Cray 1S supercomputer.
This supercomputer was rated at 27 MFLOPs (27 million floating point
operations per second).
Solid State Electronics
Today, your average current laptop is 100X more powerful than that
Cray 1S!
Today, the top supercomputer is 500,000,000X more powerful than
that Cray 1S; it is the Tianhe-2 (Milky Way) in China with 33.8 PFlops
Solid State Electronics
Data Storage
u
5.25” floppy
n
u
3.5” floppy
n
u
~ 1995, 3-5 GB
Blu Ray
n
u
~ 1982, 700 MB
Digital versatile disk
(DVD)
n
u
1994, 100-700 MB
Compact disk (CD)
n
u
~ 1987, 1.44 MB
Zip drive
n
u
~ 1980, ~ 1MB
~ 2003, 25-50 GB
Flash drive
n
~ 2010, up to 64+ GB
Solid State Electronics
mp3 Players
u
u
u
u
u
u
MPEG Audio Layer 3, standard for audio
compression that makes music files smaller with
little or no loss of sound quality.
Memory: Jon Rubinstein from Apple Computer
visited Toshiba/Japan in 2001, he saw a 1.8-inch
hard drive; four months earlier, Steve Jobs, told
him to check out the possibility of designing a
music player
Algorithm: D. Seitzer/University of Erlangen and K.
Brandenburg/ Fraunhofer Institute in Germany
developed the mp3 algorithm. Started 1987, US
patent 1996; first mp3 player 1999; ipod in 2001
3-min song ~ 30 MB; reduced to ~ 3 MB in mp3
format
8 GB mp3 player  2500 songs ~ 100 CDs
“mp3” second to “sex” on search engines
Solid State Electronics
Digital Cameras
u
u
u
u
u
1800 pics!!
u
35 mm slides commonly used in the past
2000 such slides fit on 2 DVDs
1 picture in 10 MB camera ~ 2x106 MB
~ 4000 pictures on 8 GB memory card
~ 1 ¢/picture storage cost
35 mm trays of 100 slides each, ~4 ft high
4000 pics!!
Solid State Electronics
Transistor Production
Transistor number/chip has increased from
1 to 109 in 40 years!
Transistors/Chip
u
1010
108
64 M
Book
106
104
16 G
1G
Encyclopedia
4M
Double
/1.5 Yrs
256 K
Page 16 K
Double/2 Yrs
1K
102
Product
SIA Roadmap
Double/1 Yr
100
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
Solid State Electronics
Personal Systems Scaling
System size for equivalent functionality is reduced by half
every 5-7 years
System Size, L+W+H
(inches)
100
Low Power
Desktop
Ultra Low
Power
Notebook
Credit Card
Phone
10
PDA
Ring
Watch
5-7 Yrs
1
Source: Texas Instruments
Time
Solid State Electronics
Semiconductor Progress in Perspective
u
u
Semiconductor progress in device size, circuit speed,
power consumption, memory storage capability, and
cost has been enormous since 1960
How a model 1970 automobile would perform, had it
improved at the same rate as integrated circuits
Speed (mph)
Power (mpg)
Cost (1995 $)
Mass (kg)
Luggage (ft3)
1970
1995
100
20
20,000
1,500
20
2,500,000
1,750,000
40
0.06
80,000
Solid State Electronics
Solid State Electronics
u
u
u
u
Electronic systems are driven by
semiconductor chips
These chips perform analog and digital
circuit functions
Semiconductor chips contain
semiconductor devices
Semiconductor devices have to be
n Designed, fabricated, measured, modeled,
marketed, and sold
u
Need to know:
n Device physics
n Circuit design
n Fabrication techniques
n Modeling
n Measurements
Solid State Electronics
Semiconductor Industry
What do engineers in the semiconductor industry do?
u
Circuit design
n Design and lay out circuits to be manufactured
u
Simulation/modeling
n Simulate semiconductor device, circuit, and systems behavior
(simulation is faster and cheaper than manufacturing)
u
Fabrication
n Fabricate these circuits, maintain yield
u
Measurement/characterization
n Characterize the performance of the devices/circuits/chips
u
Sales/marketing
n Sell and market devices, chips, systems, equipment, services
Solid State Electronics
Courses
u
EEE 434 - Quantum Mechanics for Engineers
n Basic physics describing the behavior of electrons and
atoms
u
EEE 435 - Microelectronics
n Fabrication of semiconductor devices/circuits. Important!
u
EEE 436 - Fundamentals of Solid State Devices
n Introduces the physics of the most common semiconductor
devices, i.e., how do these device work. Important!
u
EEE 437 – Optoelectronics
n Light emitting/detecting devices (lasers, photodetectors, etc.)
u
EEE 439 - Semicond. Facilities/Cleanroom Practices
n Facilities/cleanrooms to make semiconductors
Solid State Electronics
Dave Allee
Srabanti Chowdhury
Hugh Barnaby
Jennifer Blain Christen
Mariana Bertoni
Yu Cao
Solid State Electronics
Junseok Chae
Stephen Goodnick
David Ferry
Michael Goryll
Gennady Gildenblat
Zachary Holman
Solid State Electronics
Christiana Honsberg
Cun-Zheng Ning
Michael Kozicki
Stephen Phillips
Ying-Cheng Lai
Marco Saraniti
Solid State Electronics
Brian Skromme
Trevor Thornton
Meng Tao
Dragica Vasileska
Nongjian Tao
Hongbin Yu
Solid State Electronics
Yong-Hang Zhang
Yuji Zhao
Solid State Electronics
Job Opportunities
u
Chip Manufacturers
n Freescale, Intel, IBM,
u
Equipment Manufacturers
n Applied Materials, KLA/Tencor,
Chemical Cos., Digital Instruments,
Lam, Agilent, Keithley ….
u
Billion Dollars
Texas Instruments,
National Semiconductor,
ST Semiconductors, Global
Foundries, Microchip, Micron ....
Worldwide Semiconductor Sales
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1980
1990
2000
Year
Services
n Companies producing simulation software, other services
Solid State Electronics
2010
Graduate School
u
BS
Entry-level degree
n For technical work you’ll be at the lower end of the range of
engineers
n For less technical work, good
n
u
MS
Good degree
n Valued by industry
n More advanced knowledge, but not overly specialized
n Most useful degree for most cases
n
u
Ph.D.
Specialized
n Good for those interested in more advanced, more interesting work
n Necessary for academic or R&D careers
n
Solid State Electronics
Advanced Degree Necessary?
How is salary related to degree?
0
3
2
Ph.D.
MS
4
BS
5
High School
Ph.D.
MS
Million Dollars
20000
Associate Degr.
BS
40000
Some College
60000
High School
Dollars
80000
6
Associate Degr.
Lifetime Income
Median Annual Income
100000
Some College
u
1
0
Source: Arizona Republic, Oct. 20, 2004
Solid State Electronics
Satisfying Aspects of Job
Ability to work independently
Variety of work
Solving challenging problems
Doing what I'm good at
People I work with
Product/process development
Compensation
Travel
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Respondents %
Source: R&D Magazine, 2007
Solid State Electronics