Biology 240 – Lecture BASIC TERMINOLOGY for the HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM
Please BRIEFLY DEFINE each of the following TERMS:
1. Neuron
a. Three parts (dendrite, soma, axon)
b. Ways to classify
1. Structural basis:
2. Functional basis:
2. Neuroglial cells (Names and function(s))
a. CNS Neuroglial cell types
b. PNS Neuroglial cell types
3. Myelin (in general; “sheath” specifically)
a. Which CNS neuroglia make it?
b. Which PNS neuroglia make it?
c. Saltatory conduction of an impulse
4. White matter
a. Why is it “white”?
b. What are “columns”?
5. Grey matter
a. Why is it “grey”?
b. What are “horns”?
6. Afferent (sensory)
a. Origin of Somatic sensory
b. Origin of Visceral sensory
7. Efferent (motor)
a. Origin of Somatic motor
b. Origin of Visceral motor
8. Integrative
19. Potentials
a. Graded potentials (hyperpolarizing/depolarizing)
(Note: these are localized only; NOT propagated)
1. Postsynaptic potential
2. Generator potential
3. Receptor potential
b. Action potentials
1. M.A.P. (“MAP”)
2. N.A.P. (“NAP”)
20. Receptors – Ways to Classify
a. On a STRUCTURAL basis:
1. Free endings
2. Encapsulated endings
3. Separate cells
b. By LOCATION (and origin of stimulus)
1. Exteroceptors
2. Interoceptors
3. Proprioceptors
c. By TYPE of STIMULUS detected (Modality)
1.Mechanoreceptors
2. Thermoreceptors
3. Nociceptors
4. Chemoreceptors
5. Photoreceptors
6. Osmoreceptors
9. Nerve
10. Ganglion (plural: Ganglia)
11. Tract
12. Nucleus
13. Plexus
a. List the Major Plexuses
and which Spinal Nerves
contribute to each
14. Somatic
15. Visceral
16. General
17. Special
18. Briefly describe each of the four
types of ion channels.
ADDITIONAL TERMS:
1. Sensation
2. Perception
3. Sensory Modality
4. Seven functional categories of
nerve “fibers” (axons/dendrites):
a. Four sensory: GSA, SSA; GVA, SVA
b. Three motor: GSE, GVE, SVE
5. Cholinergic
6. Adrenergic
7. Thoracolumbar (T1 – L2)
8. Craniosacral (III, VII, IX, X, S2, S3, S4)
9. Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
10. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
(also known as: Visceral Nervous System)
a. Sympathetic Division
b. Parasympathetic Division