Why should we talk about Sexually
Transmitted Infections?
 AIDS has caused 30 MILLION DEATHS (Total Worldwide)
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Approximately 6.2 million new HPV infections occurred in 2000 among
Americans aged 15-44; of these infections, 74% (4.6 million) occurred
among 15-24-year-olds.
 HPV
• 5% of all cancers worldwide
• Essentially all cervical cancers
• 4,000 deaths annually (cervical cancer)
• 5,000 diagnosed annually (anal cancer)
• 75% oropharyngeal cancers
• 1,500 women diagnosed annually (vulvar cancer)
• 500 women diagnosed annually (vaginal cancer)
• 400 men diagnosed annually (penile cancer)
Need more???
 1 out of 4 sexually active females under the age of 19
are getting an STI.
 Nearly half of the 19 million new STI’s each year are
among young people aged 15–24 years in the USA
WHAT ARE STI’S?
 Infectious diseases that are spread from person
to person through intimate sexual contact
 Dangers of STI’s
1. Can be deadly
2. Can cause emotional stress
3. Can cause sterility
However…
Most STI’s can be cured! There are
more than 50 different types of
STI’s that range from life-threatening
to merely irritating.
STI’s – The Hidden Epidemic
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Many STI’s go undiagnosed
Many STI’s can be asymptomatic – without
symptoms
Resulting in….…
People who do not seek treatment because
they do not know they are infected.
People who are infected, but don’t know will
continue to transmit STI’s.
People who contract an STI from someone
who is infected (without knowing) will pass
the STI on to others.
Consequences of STI’s
 STI’s can be serious and can cause major damage
to the body
some are incurable
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some cause cancer
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some can cause reproductive complications
4.
some can be passed from mother to child,
before, during, or after birth
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Categories of STI’s
 STI’s are classified as 1 of 3 types:
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Bacterial
Viral
Parasitic
Bacterial STI’s
 Bacterial
- Single cell organism capable of reproducing on
their own
- Can be cured by using antibiotics
prescribed by a doctor
- Can be cured, but many times the damage
caused by the STI cannot be reversed
EXAMPLES: Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis
Bacterial STI’s
 Chlamydia – most common bacterial
STI
- If left untreated, it will cause serious
painful infections of the urinary tract and
discharge in men.
- MOST females show NO symptoms – if
they do, painful urination, vaginal
discharge, bleeding
- If left untreated, can result in PID or
sterility in both sexes
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- Estimated 2.8 million
infected in the US annually
- Enters the body by the
mouth, rectum, vagina penis
Bacterial STD’s
 Gonorrhea – bacterial infection of the urinary tract of
males and females, and the reproductive organs of
females
- painful urination and discharge.
- Symptoms - in females can be very mild and may not be
noticed. If left untreated, sterility in both sexes.
- An infected female can transmit gonorrhea to her baby
during birth which can cause blindness
- enters by direct mucous membrane contact during sex
through mouth, penis, vagina, anus and throat
“The drip"
 Slang for gonorrhea, because a typical
symptom of this sexually transmitted
disease (STD) is a discharge—or a
drip—from the vagina or penis.
Bacterial STI’s
 Syphilis – multi staged STI
- stage one is characterized by a small painless
sore called a chancre sore
- stage 2 – secondary syphilis – begins 2-8 weeks
after the first stage. Flu-like symptoms, sores in
the mouth, non itch rash on hands and feet
SYPHILIS – CON’T
stage 3 – latent stage symptoms - disappear for years, but the
bacteria attacks the brain and the
circulatory system. Damage that occurs
in this stage is permanent and can cause
death
- enters the body through mucous
membrane contact w/ sores during sex
by penis, vagina, anus, mouth or break
in skin
Syphilis
 Long term Problems:
- paralysis
- convulsions
- blindness
- heart disease
-mental retardation
- unborn child can be born with damage to
nervous system or can die during birth
Viral STI’s
 Virus – small organisms that are unable to
reproduce on their own – need a host
 There are NO cures for viral STI’s
 They can lie dormant without any symptoms for
periods of times
 Symptoms can be relieved using antiviral
medication
EXAMPLES: HIV,HPV (Genital Warts), Herpes,
Hepatitis B
Viral STI’s
 HIV – Human Immunodeficiency Virus
 Most serious and deadly STI
 AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is the
final stage of infection by the HIV virus
 - Virus is passed from one person to another through
contact with an infected person’s bodily fluids usually
semen or vaginal secretions, or blood. It can also be
passed by the sharing of dirty needles, from breast
milk to a nursing child, and during the birth process
4 Stages of HIV
Stage 1: acute infection stage:
 People are unaware that they have been infected,
or slight flu-like symptoms
 Test will not show the virus for 6wks to 2 months
Stage 2:
 Asymptomatic for 10 -12 years ( may be innocently
infecting people
Stage 3:
 Symptomatic - the immune system breaks down
and the victim will start showing signs of fatigue,
sores on the body, pneumonia, memory loss
4 Stages of HIV
4th stage of HIV
 There are approximately 800-1,200 T cells in
the healthy body that helps to fight off illness.
The HIV virus is stronger than the T cells and
will kill the T cells. When a person has less
than 200 T cells, they are in the final stage of
HIV – AIDS. People with AIDS will die of
opportunistic diseases.
 World Clock
http://www.poodwaddle.com/worldclock.swf
OPPORTUNISTIC DISEASES
 1. Pneumocystis Carinii - rare from of pneumonia
 2. Kaposi’s Sarcoma - cancerous tumors that
spread throughout the body
 Aids Dementia
 Can even die from a common cold
 Life span of a person with HIV is around 20 years if
taking medicine.
- Highest risk of transference of HIV with sex is: Anal, semen, vaginal
- The HIV virus can live for about 60 seconds when exposed to air
(you cannot get it from saliva!)
- Women are more likely to get the HIV virus from males than males are from
women.
- More likely to contract HIV if you have another STI
Website - http://aids.gov/
VIRAL STI’s
HPV
 Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) - most
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common viral STI
Leads to Genital Warts
More than 40 strains transmitted sexually
Gardasil is a vaccine for 4 strains
Once a person is infected, the virus remains in
the body forever. Infections occurs by physical
contact, sexual or other wise.
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5% of all cancers worldwide
Essentially all cervical
cancers
4,000 deaths annually
(cervical cancer)
5,000 diagnosed annually
(anal cancer)
75% oropharyngeal cancers
1,500 women diagnosed
annually (vulvar cancer)
500 women diagnosed
annually (vaginal cancer)
400 men diagnosed annually
(penile cancer)
HPV
 One to eight months after infections, warts appear in
clusters, usually in the genital area.
 Can cause cervical cancer in women.
 Warts can be removed by a physical, but the virus
remains
 Transmitted through oral & vaginal sex
Viral STI’s
 Genital Herpes clusters of painful blisters that
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appear on or around the genitals
First outbreak in usually the worst
New eruptions appear to be related to stress
Most contagious whenever blisters are present
– should refrain from sexual intercourse during
outbreak of blisters or while they are healing
transmitted by direct, intimate contact through
penis, vagina, anus, mouth, and can be
transferred to the eyes if sore is touched
Viral STI’s Hepatitis
 Hepatitis B – an STI that attacks the liver
 Spread through contact of infected, blood,
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semen or saliva and transmitted by penis,
vagina, anus, mouth, skin breaks, blood
Virus can survive on objects for a LONG time
Symptoms – fever, fatigue, loss of appetite,
jaundice
Can cause serious liver damage
No cure, but there is an effective vaccine
Parasitic STI’s
 Parasite – an organism that lives on or in a
host organism and gets its food from its
host.
 Parasites can be killed
with medication
EXAMPLES: Pubic Lice,
Scabies, Trichomoniasis
Pubic lice
Pubic lice – female lice attach eggs to the
pubic hair and skin - causes intense
itching.
Symptoms – itching, rash, pinhead sized
blood spots on underwear.
Treatment consists of a special medicated
shampoo
- can be acquired from dirty bed linens,
clothing, sex
Parasitic STI’s
 Scabies – mites burrow into the skin
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and lay eggs.
They cause red, swollen itchy
bumps.
Enter into the skin by either sex or
skin contact
Symptoms – itching in the genital
area
Treatment included hot baths and
medicated creams
Parasitic STI’s
Trichomoniasis: a parasite that causes vaginitis,
which is the term for inflammation of the vagina.
 Female symptoms – thick vaginal discharge –
gray or greenish in color, painful urination
 Male – none, or mild burning when urinating, or
temporary irritation inside the penis
 Can live for a few hours on dirty, damp towels,
washcloths, bathing suits.
 Treatment – medicine from a doctor, or OTC –
curable
Where to get help
 Prevention of STI’s is everyone’s
responsibility
 Physical Responsibility – STI’s can
cause major, life long damage to the
body
 Embarrassment should not stop you
from seeking help
Where to get help
 Social Responsibility – you have a social
responsibility to tell all people that you
have had sexual contact with!
 Abstain from all sexual activity until
treated
 Do not donate blood, organs or semen
Where to get help
 Places to Turn:
 Private Physician
 Health Clinic
 ONLY A HEALTH CARE
PROFESSIONAL CAN PRESCRIBE
THE CORRECT TREATMENT FOR
STI’S!!!