Chapter Seventeen Structured Notes
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
The Conflict Takes Shape
 The country was divided between the North and South
 Martial Law is rule by the army instead of the elected government
 President Lincoln declared martial law to stop the angry mobs of people that attacked
the Union troops
North-Union
Fighting to save the Union or United
States
Fighting to end slavery
George McClellan was the General of
the Union Army
South-Confederacy
Fighting for independence to establish their
own country
Fighting to restore the Southern way of life
and to keep slavery
Robert E. Lee was the General of the
Confederate Army

No Easy Victory
 The Union planned a blockade of southern ports by the navy
 The Confederacy planned a defensive war until the North was tired of the fighting
 The Battle of Bull Run was the first major encounter between the North and South, no
side won the battle
 The Merrimack and Monitor, two ironclad ships, were used in battle
 Their was no victory at the Battle of Antietam, but 23,000 Union and Confederate
soldiers died in battle
 President Lincoln chose Ulysses S. Grant to replace George McClellan as the General of
the Union Army
 The Confederacy won the Battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville
 Stone Wall Jackson, a Confederate General, was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville
 General Ulysses S. Grant won the Battle of Shiloh for the Union

A Promise of Freedom
 President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation that freed all black people
from slavery
 The 54th Massachusetts Regiment was a African American Regiment that fought at
Fort Wagner; almost half the regiment was killed in the battle

Hardships of War
 Sick and wounded soldiers faced crude medical care, amputations and diseases were
common
 To pay for the war Congress and the Confederacy passed an income tax, or a tax on
people’s earnings
 The North experienced inflation, or a rise in prices and a decrease in the value of
money
 Profiteers charges excessive prices for the goods that the government desperately needed
for war
 The Draft Law was signed in the Union and Confederacy, it required all able bodied
men to serve the army
 Women worked nursing the wounded soldiers
 Dorothea Dix worked on reforming prisons and mental hospitals
 Clara Barton established the Red Cross

The War Ends.
 General Grant lay siege to Vicksburg, a siege is a military encirclement of an enemy
position and blockading or bombarding it order to force them to surrender
 The Union won the victory at Vicksburg and Gettysburg
 The Confederacy suffered heavy losses at the Battle of Gettysburg
 The last Confederacy charge against the Union was at Pickett’s Charge
 President gave his Gettysburg Address, he said the war was a test of whether a
democratic nation could survive
 General William Tecumseh Sherman marches down south destroying everything in his
path
 Lincoln was reelected as President of the United States
 General Robert E. Lee surrenders the Confederate Army to General Grant at the
Appomattox Court House
 The Civil War ends