International Aviation
and Climate Change: The ICAO
Contribution
Jane Hupe
Chief, Environment Branch
ICAO
Setting the Scene
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Fast, reliable, and safe mode of transport
Responsible for 4-8% of global economy
No comparative alternatives for long haul pax transport
2.3 billion pax/year carried worldwide
Scheduled pax traffic worldwide forecast to grow at 4.6% per year
Aircraft produced today are 70% more fuel efficient than 40 years ago
First sector with a special IPCC report (1999)
Global GHG Emissions by Sector, 2004
Residential and
Commercial Buildings
Agriculture
14%
Waste and
Wastewater
Global Transportation CO2 Emissions,
2000
Aviation
8%
Emissions
2%
13%
13%
3%
Aviation’s Global CO2 Emissions,
2000
(Int’l Aviation’s Contribution was
Aviation CO2
~1.2%)
Transport
Other
13%
Energy
Supply
Source: IPCC
2
17%
26%
Forestry
Road
74%
19%
Industry
Global
CO2
Emissions
98%
ICAO’s Three Environmental
Goals for Civil Aviation
• Reduce the number of people exposed to
significant noise
• Reduce the impact of aviation emissions on local
air quality
• Reduce the impact of aviation emissions on the
global climate
(Let’s focus on progress achieved in regard to the
third goal.)
3
ICAO—No progress?
Since ICAO last Assembly:
develop, organize,
facilitate,
CAEP
Working Group set, innovate,
GIACC
DGCIC Meetings
assess, approve,
publish, investigate,COP 15
promote, support, lead by consensus,
Standards, Guidances, Reports, Studies High Level Meeting
CAEP/8
communicate,
analyze, establish, disseminate,
ICAO
Carbon Emissions Calculator
encourage,
design, achieve, etc.
Alternatives Fuels
ICAO Programme of Action on
International Aviation and Climate
Change
4
Data Collection
ICAO’s Three Years of
Achievement
2007
• ICAO Assembly mandates formation of Group
on International Aviation and Climate Change
(GIACC) and High-level Meeting (HLM) to
develop concrete proposals in connection
with the UNFCCC process
5
Three Years of Achievement
(Cont’d)
2008
• GIACC explores three elements of ICAO
Programme of Action:
1. Global aspirational fuel-efficiency goals
2. Measures to achieve emissions reductions
3. Measures and metrics to monitor progress
6
Three Years of Achievement
(Cont’d)
2009
• HLM develops only globally-harmonized
agreement by any sector on CO2 emissions:
1. 2% annual fuel efficiency improvement
2. CO2 standard for aircraft
3. Decision to develop framework for marketbased measures
4. Measures to assist developing States
7
Three Years of Achievement
(Cont’d)
2009 (Cont’d)
5. Collection by ICAO of international civil
aviation emissions data
6. Submission to ICAO of States’ Voluntary
Action Plans on Emissions
• Conference on Aviation and Alternative Fuels
establishes ICAO Global Framework for
Aviation Alternative Fuels
8
Three Years of Achievement
(Cont’d)
2010
• The Organization, States and industry
continue to
1. Explore feasibility of more ambitious goals
2. Develop a framework for market-based
measures in international aviation
3. Elaborate on measures to assist States
9
Three Years of Achievement
(Cont’d)
2010 (Cont’d)
• CAEP 8
• ICAO Colloquium on Aviation and Climate
Change
• Further assessments
• Cooperation with financial institutions
• Global Framework on Alternative Aviation
Fuels
10
Three Years of Achievement
(Cont’d)
2010 (Cont’d)
• Action plans
• Proposal for new policy
• Launch of second ICAO Environmental Report
11
Three Underlying Determinants
of ICAO’s Actions
• A sense of responsibility
ICAO’s commitment to environmental
protection predates both Rio 92 and UNFCCC
• A culture of leadership
# of firsts; wide UN use of carbon calculator
• A commitment to partnership
UNFCCC, States, industry, UN system, NGOs
12
What We Can Expect
Assembly to decide on the way forward:
Medium-term global goal
Process for elaboration on a long-term
global goal
Framework for market-based measures
Assistance for States
States’ action plans
13
Looking Ahead
•
•
•
•
•
2010 Challenges: Assembly and UNFCCC, then…
Assembly sets a new work programme
CAEP work will continue/intensify
Facilitate alternative fuels development/deployment
Coordinate/cooperate with other UN bodies (New
climate agreement)
• Sustainability of aviation
More information on
ICAO 'activities
NEW ICAO Environmental Report
30 Sept. 2010
THANK YOU
www. icao.int
15