
7.
8.
9.
Main Idea: American and British forces defeated the Germans in North Africa and in the Atlantic, while Soviet forces defeated Germany at
Stalingrad.
Detail: Stalin wanted Britain and America to open a second front by attacking Germany from the west, to take the pressure off the Soviet
Union.
Detail: Egypt was very important to Britain because of the Suez Canal the route used by most of Britain's empire to send supplies to
Britain.
Detail: The German "Afrika Korps" were commanded by General Erwin Rommel, a brilliant commander whose success earned him the nickname “Desert Fox”.


10.
Main Idea: American and British forces defeated the Germans in North Africa and in the Atlantic, while Soviet forces defeated Germany at
Stalingrad.
Detail: Under the convoy system American cargo ships traveled in groups and were escorted by navy warships, making it much harder for a German Submarine to torpedo a cargo ship and escape without being attacked.
11.
Detail: Just as the Battle of Midway put the
Japanese on the defensive for the rest of the war, the Battle of Stalingrad put the Germans on the defensive.


Turn your paper over to 12.4

1.
2.
3.
The first large Allied invasion of the war was the attack on NORTH AFRICA .
Among the agreements reached at the
CASABLANCA CONFERENCE was the decision to step up the bombing of
Germany.
Winston Churchill called Italy the
“ SOFT UNDERBELLY ” of Europe and was convinced that Italians would quit the war if the Allies invaded their homeland.

4.
5.
6.
The ITALIAN CAMPAIGN was one of the bloodiest in the war, costing the Allies more than 300,000 casualties.
At the Tehran, Iran, meeting with
Churchill and Roosevelt, Stalin promised to launch a FULL-SCALE OFFENSIVE against the Germans when the Allies invaded France in 1944.
Stalin also promised that once Germany was beaten, the Soviet Union would help THE U.S
. DEFEAT JAPAN .

7.
8.
9.
Although the German defenses along the coast of
France were formidable, the Allies did have one advantage: THE ELEMENT OF SURPRISE .
To convince the Germans that the Allies were planning to land at Pas-de-Calais, the Allies placed
INFLATED RUBBER TANKS , EMPTY TENTS and DUMMY LANDING CRAFT across from Calais.
along the coast
Nearly 7,000 ships carrying more than 100,000 soldiers set sail for the coast of Normandy on
JUNE 6, 1944.

10.
11.
Under intense German fire, the American assault almost DISINTEGRATED .
By the end of the day, nearly 35,000
American troops had landed at Omaha, and another 23,000 had landed at Utah. Over
75,000 British and Canadian troops were on shore as well.


There are 9,386 American war dead buried here and 307 of the headstones mark the graves of unknowns from the landings on D-
Day. The remains of approximately 14,000 others originally buried in this region were returned home at the request of their next of kin.

Overhead View of the
Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial