Bell Ringer
02/23/2015

What is Title IX? Explain.
Potsdam Conference

Began Cold War “U.S. fight to keep
communism Contained.”

Potsdam
Conference

THE FRENCH V.
VIETNAM CONFLICT
• France was not about to give
up its colony
• As the fighting escalated the
French came to the US for
help
• This put the US in a difficult
position:
• 1. They opposed colonialism
• 2. Vietnam was caught up in
the Communist movement
Domino Theory and Containment
 Ho Chi Minh defeated the
French.
 Vietnam was then divided
into two states: Ho Chi Minh
and the Vietnamese
Communist controlled the
north, while a pro-western
state was established in the
South.
 South Vietnamese
Communist (Vietcong) with
support from the North
began a guerrilla war
against the government of
South Vietnam.
 They seized control of the
villages and assassinated
officials.

President Kennedy and
Vietnam
 Kennedy
also made it
plain that he
supported the
‘Domino Theory’ and
he was convinced
that if South Vietnam
fell to communism,
then other states in
the region would as a
consequence.
PRESIDENT JOHNSON AND VIETNAM
•
Lyndon Johnson succeeded John F.
Kennedy
•
As president like many ‘hawks’ in the
White House, Johnson was a fervent
supporter of the ‘Domino Theory’ and he
was keen to support South Vietnam.
•
Johnson was encouraged by his
advisors to take up a more forceful
approach to the Vietnam conflict and to
send in US troops to bolster the South
Vietnam Army (Escalate the war).
GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION
• 1964 President Johnson
announced that the North
Vietnamese attacked U.S.
Ships in international waters.
• Congress voted to give
Johnson full military powers
to stop North Vietnamese
aggression.
• Years later it was revealed
that the U.S. ships had been in
North Vietnamese waters.
NAPALM
• Johnson used Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution to escalate
(increase war).
• 1968 half a million troops
were stationed in South
Vietnam.
• New weapons: Napalm
• Sticky gasoline-based jelly
that burns, inflicted great
damage on the Vietnamese.
CLOSING TASK: 2/23/15
• On a separate sheet of paper, write
a paragraph that explains what
took place in the GULF OF TONKIN
• You may use your notes or page
311 of the book.
BELL RINGER
2/24/15
List several reasons for the start
of the Vietnam war.
TET OFFENSIVE
• Jan. 30, 1968 during Tet
• Vietnamese New Year
• VC launched a surprise attack known as the Tet
Offensive
• Guerilla (Vietcong) fighters attack U.S. bases
in S. Vietnam
• Militarily the Tet Offensive was unsuccessful for
the VC
• Demonstrated that victory was far away
• Vietcong were not weak, undersupplied or
disorganized.
ROY BENAVIDEZ
• While facing constant enemy
fire (during the Tet Offensive)
carried wounded members of
his platoon to rescuehelicopters.
• Was critically wounded, but
refused to stop gathering
survivors saved the lives of 8
men.
• Awarded the congressional
medal of honor by President
Reagan in 1981.
PRESIDENT NIXON AND
VIETNAM
• Nixon, his National Security
Advisor Henry Kissinger and
Secretary of Defense Melvin
Laird settled on an approach with
several elements.
• First, the Laird policy for
"Vietnamization" was adopted.
Responsibility for fighting would
be turned over to the Vietnamese,
in order to reduce American
casualties.
• Gradually American forces
would be withdrawn
VIETNAMIZATION
• President Nixon Introduced vietnamization American Forces
were gradually reduced.
• 1973 U.S. negotiators in Paris, Henry Kissinger worked out a
cease-fire agreement with the North Vietnamese.
• Nixon agreed to pull out all remaining U.S. troops from
Vietnam and North Vietnam agreed to release American
POW’s
FALL OF SAIGON
• 1975, the remaining of the South Vietnamese Army was
incapable of preventing the advance of the North
Vietnamese.
• April 1975 Saigon finally fell to North Vietnamese forces.
• The Fall of Saigon marked the end of the Vietnam War.
• Soldiers, military officers and those who had supported
American presence in Vietnam were sent to Communist
“Re-Education Camps”
• Faced torture, disease and malnutrition
SOUTH
VIETNAMESE
FLEEING FOR
SAFETY
Closing Task 2/14/15:
 You will individually complete a tree map on
the major issues and events of the Vietnam
War.
1. Tet Offensive: pg 312
2. Vietnamization: pg 314
3. Fall of Saigon: pg 314
Academic Task 2-27-15
• Individually you will describe each topic on the paper
provided!
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
26th Amendment page 309
The anti-war movement page 313
Credibility Gap page 313
Media page 313
Silent Majority page 314
Tinker vs. De Moines Page 331
The Draft
BOX EIGHT YOUR NAME!
You have 20 minutes!!
The Draft
• Draft – in response to an increase of U.S.
military presence in Southeast Asia, the draft
was brought back during the war.
26th Amendment
• 26th Amendment – reduced the voting age
from 21 to 18.
• This gave the young men being drafted to
fight in Vietnam a way to influence policies
that affected them.
Role of the Media
• Role of the media – the media is
embedded in Vietnam providing realtime coverage of the war. Media
coverage contributed to changing public
opinions about the war.
Silent Majority
• Silent majority – term coined by President
Nixon to represent the large number of
Americans that were not joining in the
protest movements or speaking out against
the war in Vietnam.
Credibility Gap
• Credibility gap – refers to the public's
skepticism over President Johnson’s
administration’s statements and policies
on the Vietnam War
Anti-War Movement
• Anti-war movement – peace movement of
the 1960s advocating the withdrawal of U.S.
troops from Vietnam. These advocates were
usually known as “Doves” while advocates of
war were known as “Hawks”.
Anti-War
Movement
Tinker v. Des Moines
• 1969, John and Mary Beth Tinker of Des Moines, Iowa, wore
black armbands to their public school as a symbol of protest
against American involvement in the Vietnam War.
• When school authorities asked that the Tinkers remove their
armbands, they refused and were suspended.
• The Supreme Court decided that the Tinkers had the right to
wear the armbands
Tinker v. Des Moines
• Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) – The U.S.
Supreme Court ruled that students had the
right to wear armbands to school to
protest the Vietnam War. It defined the
constitutional rights of students (freedom
of speech protected by the 1st
Amendment)
• Effects: opened opportunities for
interpretation of free speech to also mean
freedom of expression
Closing Task
2-27-15
• In groups you will create an anti-war poster.
• Your poster will include the following:
• A picture
• Use one of the topics discussed today as evidence in
your poster
BELL RINGER:
3/2/15
• Explain Vietnamization and
how it lead to the fall of
Saigon.
GROUP TASK
• As a group you are to read and explain the meaning/purpose
of the Wars Powers Resolution. (page 315)
• Once complete a class discussion will take place.
WARS POWERS ACT/RESOLUTION
• 1973, set limits on Presidential power in a conflict without a formal
declaration of war by congress.
• The act requires the President to inform Congress within 48 hours of
sending troops to fight overseas.
• If within 60 days the Congress does not approve of the use of these
overseas forces the president must withdraw them.
DEATH AND DESTRUCTION
• Over 58,000 Americans died and many others suffered physical
and psychological injuries
• Over a million Vietnamese were killed, while many more were left
homeless.
IMPACT OF THE WAR ON THE
U.S. AND ABROAD
• Wartime expenses led to the end of some Great Society Programs
and brought rising inflation.
• The war demonstrated that government actions can be greatly
affected by public opinion.
• Americans became more aware of the limits of U.S. power and
cautious about were they should act abroad.
LANDING ON THE MOON
• 1969 US lands on
the moon
• We win Space Race
CLOSING TASK 03/02/2015
• Create a timeline highlighting the
Vietnam War shown on page 315.
• Include illustrations describing each event
• Must be in color!
• Neatly executed
• Due at the end of the period!
BELL RINGER:
3/2/15
• Explain Vietnamization and
how it lead to the fall of
Saigon.
LANDING ON THE
MOON
• 1969 US
lands on the
moon
• We win
Space Race
DEATH AND
DESTRUCTION
• Over 58,000 Americans died and many
others suffered physical and
psychological injuries
• Over a million Vietnamese were
killed, while many more were left
homeless.
WARS POWERS
ACT/RESOLUTION
• 1973, set limits on Presidential power in a
conflict without a formal declaration of war by
congress.
• The act requires the President to inform
Congress within 48 hours of sending troops to
fight overseas.
• If within 60 days the Congress does not approve
of the use of these overseas forces the president
must withdraw them.
IMPACT OF THE WAR ON
THE U.S. AND ABROAD
• Wartime expenses led to the end of some Great
Society Programs and brought rising inflation.
• The war demonstrated that government actions
can be greatly affected by public opinion.
• Americans became more aware of the limits of
U.S. power and cautious about were they should
act abroad.
CLOSING TASK
• Create a timeline highlighting
the Vietnam War shown on
page 315.
• Include illustrations
describing each event
• Must be in color!
• Neatly executed
Bell Ringer 3-3-15
• What court
case does
this picture
represent?
th
16
Amendment
• 16th – allowed the government to
collect an income taxes
• The purpose was to raise revenue for
government programs and reduce
reliance on tariffs
th
17
Amendment
• 17th amendmentgave the individual
voter more political
power because it
allowed the direct
election of the US
Senator's by popular
vote.
th
18
Amendment
• 18th – enabled
prohibition
(banned
alcohol)
th
19
Amendment
• 19th
Amendment–
gave women
suffrage
th
20
Amendment
• 20th Amendment- set the date for
the start of the presidential (January
20th) and congressional term
(January 3rd)
21st Amendment
• 21st – Repealed to Prohibition (they can
drink again)
22nd Amendment
• 22nd Amendment- set the limit of
presidential terms to two 4 year
terms.
23rd Amendment
• 23rd Amendment- gives residents of
Washington DC the right to vote for
representatives in the Electoral College
24th Amendment
• 24th – eliminates poll tax
25th Amendment
• 25th Amendment- deals with succession
to the Presidency and establishes
procedures both for filling a vacancy in
the office of the Vice President, as well
as responding to Presidential
disabilities.
26th Amendment
• 26th Amendment – reduced the voting
age from 21 to 18.
Closing Task 3-3-15
•You are to complete
the amendments
worksheet.