TEK 8.7
Earth Cycles
The student knows the effects
resulting from cyclical
movements of
the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
The student is expected to:
A) Model and illustrate how the tilted Earth
rotates on its axis, causing day and night,
and revolves around the Sun causing
changes in seasons.
B) Demonstrate and predict the sequence
of events in the lunar cycle.
C) Relate the position of the Moon and Sun
to their effect on ocean tides.
8.7 Vocabulary
Axis
Tilt
Seasons
Hemisphere
Rotation
Revolution
Tide
Orbit
Summer Solstice
Winter Solstice
Vernal Equinox
Autumnal
Equinox
Lunar Phase
Spring Tide
Crescent
Gibbous
Syzygy
Equator
Lunar eclipse
Solar eclipse
Neap Tide
8.7A Vocabulary
Axis
Tilt
Seasons
Hemisphere
Rotation
Revolution
Orbit
Summer Solstice
Winter Solstice
Vernal Equinox
Autumnal Equinox
Equator
Pre-AP
• Build a model representation that
shows how Earth’s days, years, and
seasons relate to the way Earth moves
in space.
Your model must include:
Earth and location of each season and correct angel of tilt.
Must have arrows showing revolution and rotation.
All concepts must be labeled including but not limited to 4
seasons with proper names and hemispheres
Questions
The following questions must be answered:
1. Why do poles have longer periods of day and night?
2. Why do northern and southern hemisphere have opposite seasons?
3. What is the connection between the tilt of the Earth and different seasons
vs. just summer and winter?
4. Identify the range of dates for each season.
5. Identify and explain which seasons have the longest and shortest days.
6. Identify and explain the seasons that have equal day and night.
3 Resources must be included:
APA format
2 internet
1 text
Day to Night
• Watch This Day and Night
Rotation vs. Revolution
• The spinning of a
planet, moon, sun, or
other object around its
axis.
• 24 hours
• Rotates from west to
east (Counter
Clockwise)
• Reason for day and
night
• One orbit of an object
in space around
another object in
space, such as the
moon around the
Earth.
• 365 days
• Revolves
counterclockwise
• Part of the reason for
the seasons
Axis
• An imaginary line passing through the
center (from north pole to south pole)of a
planet around which the planet spins.
• Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5˚
• This tilt plays a role in amount of daylight
and darkness received and in seasons.
Rotation
Rotation
23.5˚
Polar Day
Midnight Sun
Midnight Baseball
Polar Night
Revolution
Seasons
-Caused by the tilt of the Earth and its
revolution around the sun.
-some areas of Earth experience 4 distinct
seasons (winter, spring, summer, fall)
-other areas experience consistent weather
throughout the year (poles, equator).
Revolution of the Earth
Diagram Time- Draw This
Diagram Time- Draw This
Equinoxes
Vernal
• March 20/21
• Beginning of Spring
Autumnal
• September 22/23
• Beginning of Fall
Hours of daylight = hours of darkness
Solstices
Summer
Winter
• June 21/22
• December 21/22
• Beginning of Summer • Beginning of Winter
• longest day/shortest
• shortest
night
day/longest night
Seasons
Watch This
• Season
Seasons
Seasons
Seasons Foldable
 Label seasons (1pt/
season, total=4pts)
 Draw background
depicting season
(1 pt/season total=4pts)
 Label Equinoxes w/dates
(1 pts/equinox, 1/date
total=4pts)
 Label Solstices w/dates(1
pts/solstices, 1/date
total=4pts)
 20 pts off for no color
Total possible points: 25
Spring
Vernal Equinox
Mar. 20-22
 Show position of Earth
during all 4 seasons
(1pt/season total=4pts)
 Show direction of Earth’s
revolution using arrows
(1 pt)
 Show and label tilt of the
Earth (1pt)
 Sun on cover (1pt)
 Sun inside (1pt)
 “Seasons” Title (1pt)
Quiz #5
1.
4.
3.
2.
5. This event marks the beginning of Spring
and lands between March 20th and 22nd.
Bonus: Give the dates for the Summer and
Winter Solstice.
The student is expected to:
A) Model and illustrate how the tilted Earth
rotates on its axis, causing day and night,
and revolves around the Sun causing
changes in seasons.
B) Demonstrate and predict the sequence
of events in the lunar cycle.
C) Relate the position of the Moon and Sun
to their effect on ocean tides.
8.7 B Vocabulary
Lunar Phase
Crescent
Gibbous
Syzygy
Lunar eclipse
Solar eclipse
Revolution and Rotation of the
Moon
Revolution = 27.3 days
-counter clockwise
Rotation = 27.3 days
WE ALWAYS SEE THE SAME SIDE OF
THE MOON!!!!!
Lunar Phases
-Lunar phases are the result of our eyes
seeing the illuminated half of the Moon
from different viewing geometries
-cycles through in approximately 29.53 days
-each phase last 3-4 days
Waxing Phase
-the phase in which the moon becomes
more illuminated
-begins with new moon, ends with full moon
Waning Phase
-the phase in which the moon becomes less
illuminated.
Wax On, Wane Off
Crescent
-when a small slice of the moon is
illuminated
1st and 3rd Quarters
When ¼ of the moon is illuminated.
-1st quarter occurs in waxing phase
-3rd quarter occurs in waning phase
Gibbous
Gibbous- (latin “humpback”) When more
than ¼ of the moon is visible
8 Phases of the Moon
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
New moon
waxing crescent
1st quarter
waxing gibbous
Full moon
waning gibbous
3rd quarter
waning crescent
Quiz #6
1. What phase of the lunar cycle is
highlighted in the diagram?
2. What phase of the lunar cycle is being
highlighted in the diagram?
Identify the shapes of the moon that occur
during the lunar cycle
3.
4.
5.
Bonus
How long does it take the Moon to revolve
around the Earth?
How long does it take the Moon to rotate
around its own axis?
New Moon
-occurs when the Moon is between the Sun
and the Earth.
Solar Eclipse
-occurs when the Moon moves directly
between the Sun and Earth and casts
its shadow over part of the Earth. (New
Moon Phase)
Solar Eclipse
Lunar Eclipse
-occurs when the Earth’s shadow falls on
the Moon (Full Moon Phase)
Lunar Eclipse
DOC
D
O
C
Moonrise
-the first appearance of the Moon over the
Earth's horizon
Moonset
-the descent of the moon below the horizon
Moonrise/Moonset Times
Meridian Passing
Distance
(mi)
Illuminate
d
2:18 PM 60.0°
237,528
8.3%
9:38 PM
3:05 PM 64.6°
240,964
15.2%
9:14 AM
10:35 PM
3:52 PM 68.8°
244,238
23.4%
Feb 15,
2013
9:50 AM
11:31 PM
4:38 PM 72.3°
247,088
32.6%
Feb 16,
2013
10:29 AM
-
5:25 PM 75.0°
249,306
42.2%
Feb 17,
2013
11:10 AM
12:25 AM
-
6:12 PM 76.9°
250,749
52.0%
Feb 18,
2013
11:54 AM
1:17 AM
-
7:00 PM 77.8°
251,341
61.6%
Date
Moonrise
Moonset
Time
Feb 12,
2013
8:03 AM
8:39 PM
Feb 13,
2013
8:38 AM
Feb 14,
2013
Altitude
Phase
First
Quarter at
1:31 PM
Lunar Phase Foldable
-Label the phase of lunar
cycle in order beginning
with a new moon.
-Draw a picture showing
how the Moon appears
from Earth.
-Draw the position of the
moon, sun, and Earth.
New Moon
Grading Lunar Phase Foldable
-1pt for label of phase
-1 pt for how Moon
appears from Earth
-1 pt for the position of
the Moon, Sun, and
Earth.
- (-10) for being out of
order
- (-10) for lack of color
- Total pts = 24
New Moon
Waxing
Crescent
1st Quarter
Waxing
Gibbous
Full Moon
Waning
Gibbous
Last
(3rd)Quarter
Waning
Crescent
Quiz #4
Identify the phase of the lunar cycle.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bonus:
Predict the phase that
occurs 3 days after
this phase.
Moon Phases Quiz
Identify the phase of the lunar cycle.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Bonus
Quiz #8
Lunar Phase Project
-Create a story explaining
the phases of the Lunar
Cycle
-Identify the phases of the
lunar cycle
-Show the phases of lunar
cycle from Earth’s
perspective
-Show the position of the
Moon, Sun, and Earth
-3 minute presentation time
Presentation ideas
-story book
-movie
-music video
-stop-motion animation
-etc, etc, etc,
Due Monday February 25th
Graded on phases,
pictures, creativity,
effort, and presentation
The student is expected to:
A) Model and illustrate how the tilted Earth
rotates on its axis, causing day and night,
and revolves around the Sun causing
changes in seasons.
B) Demonstrate and predict the sequence
of events in the lunar cycle.
C) Relate the position of the Moon and Sun
to their effect on ocean tides.
Tides
-the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the
combined effects of the gravitational
forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun
and the rotation of the Earth.
-occur 4 times a day
-every 6 hours
Spring Tides
- Occur during full moon and new moon.
- the high tides are very high and the low
tides are very low
Spring Tide
Neap Tides
-occurs during quarter moons
-results is a smaller difference between high
and low tides.
Neap Tide
High Tide vs. Low Tide
Tides Model
1 pt per Lunar Phase
1 pt per Tide
4 pt for setup
Total pts: 12
-10 for no color
Full Moon
Spring Tide
1st Quarter
Neap Tide
Earth
3rd Quarter
Neap Tide
New Moon
Spring Tide
12
100
11
92
10
83
9
75
8
67
7
58
6 Sun 50
5
42
4
33
3
25
2
17
1
8
0
0
“Do or Die” Quiz # 5
1. Name the type of tide in which there a
very small difference between high tide
and low tide.
2. Name the type of tide that occurs during
the quarter moons.
Bonus: Name the type of tide that occurs
during full moon or new moon.
Quiz #6
1.
#2.
Give the name of the fronts passing over El Paso.
3. What phase of the lunar cycle is
this?
4. What phase comes three days after?
5. What type of tide occurs when the
Earth, Sun and moon are in this position?
Bonus: One of two days in the year when
the hours of darkness are at their greatest
and least. Also marks the beginning of
summer and winter.
Quiz #6
1. Date
2. Time of Year
3. Date
4. Time of Year
5. Date
Bonus: Time of Year
PAP Quiz #6
Bonus
3. Event
4. Date of Event
1. Event
2. Date of Event
5. Event
6: Date of Event
7. Event
8. Date of Event
Quiz #9
1. What phase comes next?
2. What phase comes before?
4. What phase comes before?
5. Changes in ocean water levels that take
place in a regular pattern and are
controlled by the pull of gravity between
the moon and Earth.
Bonus: How many times do tides change in
a day?
PAP Quiz #9
1. What phase comes 3 days later?
2. What phase comes 3 days before?
3. What phase comes 6 days later?
4. What phase comes 6 days before?
5. Changes in ocean water levels that take
place in a regular pattern and are
controlled by the pull of gravity between
the moon and Earth.
Bonus: How many times do tides change in
a day?
Lottery Quiz #5
1. This marks the longest period of daylight of the
year.
2. This marks the shortest period of daylight of
the year.
3. The spinning of a planet, moon, sun, or other
object around its axis.
4. One orbit of an object in space around another
object in space, such as the moon around the
Earth.
5. Half the Earth, divided at the equator or at the
prime meridian and international date line.
Quiz #5
1. This marks the longest period of daylight of the
year.
2. This marks the shortest period of daylight of
the year.
3. The spinning of a planet, moon, sun, or other
object around its axis.
4. One orbit of an object in space around another
object in space, such as the moon around the
Earth.
5. Half the Earth, divided at the equator or at the
prime meridian and international date line.
Bonus
Give the name of the air masses (not fronts) passing
over El Paso and the northern United States.
Quiz #11
1. Which of the following lunar phases will
occur directly after a full moon.
A. Waxing gibbous
B. Waning gibbous
C. Waxing Crescent
D. Waning Crescent
2. Examine the series of lunar phases below.
Which phase will occur next?
1
2
3
4
?
3.Which of the following factors is most responsible for
the changes in seasons?
A. The tilt of Earth’s axis and orbit.
B. The length of Earth’s rotation.
C. The distance of Earth from Mars.
D. The gravitational pull of the moon.
4. Which of the following factors causes the changes in
the amount of daylight experienced in a hemisphere
over the course of the year?
A. The time zones.
B. The tilt of the Earth’s axis.
C. The International Date Line.
D. The use of Daylight Savings Time.
5. During the summer season in the Southern
Hemisphere, in which direction is the northern portion
of the of the Earth’s axis tilted?
A. Toward the sun.
B. Away from the sun.
C. Toward the North Pole.
D. Away from the North Pole.
Bonus: Give the correct order of the Sun, moon, and
Earth during a full moon.
A. Sun moon Earth
B. Sun Earth moon
C. Earth Sun moon
D. Moon Sun Earth
PAP Quiz #11
1. Name the lunar phase that will occur directly
after a full moon.
2. Examine the series of lunar phases below.
Which phase will occur next?
1
2
3
4
?
3.What is the main factor responsible for the
changes in the seasons?
4. What is the main factor that causes the
changes in the amount of daylight experienced
in a hemisphere over the course of the year?
5. During the summer season in the Southern
Hemisphere, in which direction is the northern
portion of the of the Earth’s axis tilted?
Bonus: Give the correct order of the Sun, moon,
and Earth during a full moon.
New Moon
Eclipses
-from the Greek (abandonment)
An event in which the Earth or moon temporarily
block the sunlight from reaching the other.
-perfect syzygy
-blockage creates two areas:
1. penumbra
2. umbra
Umbra
-darkest portion of the shadow
Penumbra
-lighter portion of the shadow
Quiz #5
1. An event in which the Earth or moon
temporarily block the sunlight from
reaching the other.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bonus
The darkest portion of the shadow is known
as the _____________.
PAP Lunar Phase Project
Children’s Book
-create a myth, fable,
comic strip explaining
the lunar cycle to a child
-Draw and label the phase
of lunar cycle
-Draw the position of the
moon, sun, and Earth
-start from new moon or
full moon
-minimum of one sentence
3D Model
-create a moving model
-include all 8 phases of
lunar cycle
-include the position of
moon, sun, and Earth
-Label phases
-start from new moon or
full moon
Due Monday February
25th