PHYSICAL GEOLOGY TEST # 4 – SUMMER 2013
1. ? is due to the removal of “overburden pressure” on rocks. A.abrasion B.bioturbation C.frost wedging D.exfoliation E.spheroidal weathering
2. Oxidation involves the ? of electrons. A.loss B.gain C.oxidation may involve either the loss or gain of electrons
3. Salinization is often due to A.abrasion B.bioturbation C.frost wedging D.exfoliation E.irrigation misuse
4. The greater the relief, the ? the mass wasting. A.less B.greater
5. ? often have the consistency of newly-mixed concrete. A.mudflows B.talus C.creep D.solifluction
E.slump
6. ? often form “hardpans” at the top of the B Horizon. A.laterites B.pedocals C.pedalfers
7. ? environments include rivers and streams. A.lacustrine B.eolian C.fluvial D.transpiration
E.slump
8. ? often results in the production of sheet-like structures on granite domes. A.abrasion
B.bioturbation C.frost wedging D.exfoliation E.spheroidal weathering
9. ? are the areas that contribute water to a single river system. A.drainage basins B.distributary systems C.both drainage basins and distributary systems contribute water to a single river system
10. Older stream terraces are situated ? newer stream terraces. A.below B.above
11. Stream piracy is often due to A.headward erosion B.bioturbation C.frost wedging D.exfoliation
E.spheroidal weathering
12. ? is decomposed organic matter in the soil. A.humus B.bioturbation C.talus D.exfoliation
E.spheroidal weathering
13. When base level is lowered, rivers tend to A.erode B.alluviate C.rivers may erode or alluviate as base level is lowered
14. The process of salt cracking is most similar to that of A.abrasion B.bioturbation C.frost wedging
D.exfoliation E.spheroidal weathering
15. ? streams have a high base flow. A.intermittent B.perennial C.intermittent and perennial streams both have a high base flow

16. ? often form nutrient-poor soils; they often form in tropical climates. A.laterites B.pedocals
C.pedalfers
17. Rock abrasion is due to the action of A.water B.wind C.glacial ice D.rock abrasion may be due to the action of all of these
18. The hydrogen ion concentration defines A.pH B.Eh C.hydrogen ion concentration includes both of these
19. ? involves chemical weathering along the corners and edges of angular blocks of rock. A.abrasion
B.bioturbation C.frost wedging D.exfoliation E.spheroidal weathering
20. ? is movement of earth material downslope. A.abrasion B.bioturbation C.frost wedging
D.exfoliation E.mass wasting
21. During ? there is an expansion of freezing water in rock fractures. A.frost wedging B.exfoliation
C.frost wedging and exfoliation are due to the expansion of freezing water in rock fractures
22. Which of the following is not a depositional feature of a river? A.natural levee B.delta
C.floodplain D.cutbank E.point bar
23. Slump would occur due to ? slope angles. A.less steep B.steeper
24. Superposed streams are created where streams cut through bedrock A.from the side B.from above
25. Deltas form ? river patterns. A.rectangular B.radial C.trellis D.distributary E.dendritic
26. Which of the following is an agent of erosion? A.wind B.gravity C.water D.glaciers E.all of these are agents of erosion
27. The angle of repose for boulders is ? than that for sand. A.less B.greater
28. Point bars are developed on the ? of meander bends. A.inside B.outside C.it depends upon the type of point bar
29. During mechanical weathering there is a A.size reduction of particles B.change in rock chemistry
C.during mechanical weathering there is both a size reduction of particles and a change in rock chemistry
30. Soil erosion is influenced by A.water B.wind C.vegetation D.soil erosion is influenced by all of these
31. Divides separate A.deltas B.glaciers C.sand dunes D.drainage basins E.divides separate all of the above

32. Entrenched meanders are created where base level is A.lowered B.raised C.entrenched meanders may be developed where base level is lowered or raised
33. Oxbow lakes are created within A.crevasse splays B.on natural levees C.in abandoned meanders
D.on cutbanks E.on point bars
34. In the ? Soil Horizon clay and nutrients are removed. A.A B.B C.C D.R
35. Stream deposition typically occurs where streams have ? gradient. A.lower B.higher
36. Talus slopes often result due to A.abrasion B.organic activity C.salt cracking D.frost wedging
E.all of these may produce talus slopes
37. ? river patterns often develop along faults. A.rectangular B.radial C.trellis D.distributary
E.dendritic
38. Soil layers are typically thicker where slope angle is A.less B.greater C.slope angle has nothing to do with soil formation
39. ? is the downward and outward movement of earth materials traveling as a unit. A.mudflows
B.talus C.creep D.solifluction E.slump
40. Deltas have ? subsidence rates. A.low B.high
41. The most important criterion for intense chemical weathering is the presence of A.water
B.increased temperatures C.nitrogen D.argon E.all of these are important for intense chemical weathering
42. Soil erosion may be reduced by A.contour farming B.strip cropping C.agroforestry D.gully reclamation E.all of these may be utilized to reduce soil erosion
43. The ? the water the more the mass movement; the ? the amount of vegetation the greater the mass movement. A.less; less B.more; more C.less; more D.more; less
44. Eutrophication often results due to A.abrasion B.bioturbation C.frost wedging D.exfoliation
E.nutrient pollution
45. ? river patterns resemble a branching tree. A.rectangular B.radial C.trellis D.distributary
E.dendritic
46. ? is a surface accumulation of weathered rock and organic matter. A.abrasion B.bioturbation
C.frost wedging D.soil E.spheroidal weathering
47. Streams with higher gradient typically have ? flow rates. A.lower B.higher C.gradient has nothing to do with flow rate

48. A classic “birds foot” delta is primarily due to the action of A.rivers B.waves C.tides D.all of these are equally important
49. ? rivers often form in semiarid regions or in mountains. A.meandering B.braided C.meandering and braided rivers form in semiarid regions or in mountains
50. ? is the slow down-slope movement of surficial material. A.mudflow B.talus C.creep
D.landslide E.slump
51. ? form in arid climates. A.laterites B.pedocals C.pedalfers
52. ? Age streams have V-shaped valleys with broad divides. A.youthful B.mature C.old age
53. ? rivers have sinuous channels. A.meandering B.braided C.meandering and braided rivers both have sinuous channels
54. Deltas are constructed by A.rivers B.waves C.tides D.deltas are constructed by all of these
55. ? would tend to produce more clay-rich soils. A.granite B.basalt C.granite and basalt would both produce clay-rich soils
56. Acid rain is often produced due to the presence of A.sulfur dioxide B.nitrogen oxide C.acid rain may be produced by either the presence of sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide
57. ? stream patterns often develop between elongate mountain ridges. A.rectangular B.radial
C.trellis D.distributary E.dendritic
58. ? is the decomposition of rocks and minerals at the Earth’s surface. A.erosion B.weathering
C.this describes both erosion and weathering
59. ? river patterns often form outward from mountains or volcanoes. A.rectangular B.radial C.trellis
D.distributary E.dendritic