Newlans
IEEE 802 Tutorial
November 11, 2003
Use of Millimeter Waves LAN (mmwLAN)
for Enterprise Applications
1. Rosio Alvarez, Director OIT, U.Mass.
End User need for mmwLAN
2. Leigh Chinitz , CTO, Proxim
mmwLAN / mmwWAN Convergence
3. Dev Gupta, Chairman, Newlans
mmwLAN for Enterprise Applications
Newlans
Technology Objective
Investigate the Possibility of Creating a Standard To Provide
 True Gigabit Ethernet transport to any station
 Comparable or better availability than copper or fiber
 Comparable or better performance than copper or fiber
 Comparable or better security than copper or fiber
 Mobility
Market + Technology + Value
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Newlans
Top Level Requirements
 Multi Gigabit data rate solution for wireless Gigabit To The
Desktop (GTTD) which operates in 56 + GHz bands
 Provide reliability through frequency, time and space
diversity
 Minimize probability of interference, interception and
jamming
 Provide security at PHY and MAC layers
 Robust QoS coupled with high throughput
 Enable rapid installation and provisioning with minimal
technical knowledge and experience
 Readily reconfigurable, reusable and redeployable
 Lowest cost for high data rates ($/Mbps)
 Complete, safe, hassle-free coverage
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Newlans
802.11 – Standard In Evolution
Phase 3
True
enterprise
grade
Gigabit-Ethernet-To-The-
Enterprise
Desktop
Gi
Fi
Phase 2
54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz
802.11g
Security
SMB
QoS
802.11i
802.11e
Phase 1
802.11a 54 Mbps at 5.7 GHz
802.11b 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz
Home / SOHO
802.11
2 Mbps at 2.4 GHz
Late 1990s
November 11, 2003
2000
Early 2000s
2005
4
Newlans
Ethernet’s Past & Future
170 M
Transition to GigE
180
Millions of LAN Connections
160
140
120
110 M
Transition to FE
1980 – 10 Mbps – 802.3
1990 – 10 M-BaseT – 802.3i
1997 – 100 Gbps-BaseT – 802.3x
1998 – 1 Gbps-BaseX – 802.3z
1999 – 1 Gbps-BaseT – 802.3ab
2002 – 10 Gbps-LX – 802.3aeb
2005 – 10 Gbps-BaseT –
Future – 100 Gbps ?
100
80
45 M
60
40
20
0
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Source – Fujitsu presentation titled ‘GigE on the desktop and beyond’ at NFOEC/GEC,
September 9, 2003
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Newlans
Growth of Gigabit Ethernet
Worldwide Installed Base of GigE Ports (Copper and Fiber)
60.0
55.5 M
50.0
40.0
30.0
11.2 M
20.0
10.0
0.0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Source – Fujitsu presentation titled ‘GigE on the desktop and beyond’ at NFOEC/GEC, September 9 2003
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Newlans
Why GTTD?
 Cost effective location of network resources
 Enables greater centralization of server and storage resources
o Translates to lower cost, better security, improved manageability
 Improved network efficiency
 GTTD acquires and releases network resources fast
 Enhanced productivity for users and network managers
 Network Managers: Enable remote software installations, software upgrades,
data backup and better utilization of network resources
 Users: Reduced wait time
 Deployment of new applications
 New generation applications are bandwidth intensive
o High resolution video conferencing, broadcast video, video-on-demand, online training,
distance leaning, peer-to-peer collaboration, file transfers, data mining, data base
applications (CRM, ERP), email with attachments
 Translates to better productivity
 New computing paradigms
 GigE grid computing
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Newlans
GTTD Improves Network Efficiency
GigE Edge Switch
GigE Switch
GigE Backbone
2
GigE Link
100 Mbps Link
1
Server
Work Stations
3
 The resources of the server is held by the work station
 FE connection implies that data is buffered at the edge switch
 GTTD eliminates or minimizes the queuing and transmission delay
GTTD in a client-server scenario can improve the performance by 67%
Source: Dr. Roger Billings, Gigabit Ethernet - Emergence to the edge of the network at GEC
keynote address, Washington D.C., August 2002
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Newlans
Productivity Comparison
900
800
Time (seconds)
700
600
Productivity
GigE users spent 88% less time
waiting for data when compared to 10
Mbps users, and 47% less than 100
Mbps users
500
400
300
200
100
0
50 MB File
Transfer
Clarify
Ariba
Outlook
1 GB Backup
10 Mbps
42.8
142.2
140.0
53.7
849.4
100 Mbps
4.2
26.8
35.0
5.2
85.0
1 Gbps
0.5
14.2
17.0
2.3
9.6
Source: Cisco white paper – Deploying Gigabit Ethernet To The Desktop: Drivers and Applications
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Newlans
Additional Benefits of mmwLAN
Mobility Within Building Or Campus
Convenience
Flexibility
Easier To Set-Up Temporary Spaces
Lower Cabling Cost
Easier Adds, Moves, Changes
Time Savings
Productivity Gains
Collaborative Work
Improve Company Image
Efficient Use of Space
Competitive Advantage
Reducing Errors
0%
N = 244, IT respondents
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Sources: Cisco and NOP World, Wireless LAN Benefit Study
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Newlans
Barriers To mmwLAN Adoption
Lack of adequate security
3.9
Limited data rates
3.8
Responses
Limited coverage
1 = Strongly Disagree
3.8
2 = Somewhat Disagree
Limitations
(e.g. lack of QoS)
3 = Neutral
3.6
4 = Somewhat Agree
Reliability concerns
(e.g. RF interference)
3.6
No Need
5 = Strongly Agree
2.3
0
1
2
3
4
Derived from Yankee Group Survey
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Newlans
Above 56 GHz Allocations
57 GHz
72.25
73.50
64 GHz
74.75
71 GHz
76 GHz
82.25
83.50
84.75
81 GHz
86 GHz
94.0
92 GHz
94.1
95 GHz
9.9 GHz of spectrum for mmwLAN
19.9
broadbandapplications
applications
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Newlans
60 GHz Band
57 GHz







64 GHz
Unlicensed band governed by Part 15.225
15 dB/Km of O2 absorption
Robust PHY layer security
High frequency reuse
Connectivity up to 10 Gbps
Currently used in MAN and campus networks
New commercial applications: mmwLAN and PAN
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Newlans
70 & 80 GHz Allocation
72.25
73.50
74.75
71 GHz
76 GHz
82.25
81 GHz






83.50
84.75
86 GHz
FCC opened these bands for commercial use in October 2003
Divided into 4 unpaired segments per band
Segments may be aggregated
Cross band aggregation permitted with some restriction
“Pencil-beam” applications
License based on interference protection on a link-by-link basis
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Newlans
90 GHz Allocation
94.0
92 GHz
94.1
95 GHz





FCC opened these bands for commercial use in October 2003
Divided into 2 unpaired segments
94 GHz to 94.1 GHz allocated for exclusive Federal use
Segments may be aggregated
License based on interference protection on a link-by-link basis
for outdoor use
 No license required for indoor use
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56 GHz + Allocations in Other
Regions
56
Europe
58
60
62
Japan
Military
66
Broadway - an IST funded program
Effort to make 59 GHz to 62 GHz unlicensed
High Density Links
55.78
64
Newlans
59.3
Unlicensed
55.78
U. S. A.
Governed by Part 15.225
No allocations for commercial deployment in 70
GHz, 80 GHz and 90 GHz bands
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Newlans
FCC Requirements
60 GHz Band
 Average power density ≤ 9 μW/cm2 at 3 m
 Peak power density ≤ 18 μW/cm2 at 3 m
 Power density ≤ 1 mW/cm2 on the general population
for 30 minutes averaging
 Total peak transmitter output power cannot exceed
500 mW
 Out of band spurious specifications
 For indoor application, transmit FCC identifier, serial
number and 24 bytes data every 1 second.
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Newlans
FCC Requirements
70 GHz, 80 GHz and 90 GHz Bands
Awaiting for FCC rules
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Newlans
Reflection Coefficients
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Newlans
Human Body Attenuation
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Newlans
Transmission Through Concrete
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Newlans
Transmission Through Plasterboard
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Newlans
Modem Requirements
 Support multiple bands (≥ 4) in the millimeter wave
band
 Support a baud rate such that payload throughput is
equal or greater than 1 Gbps
 FEC should be incorporated such that modem has
good error performance with ≈ 10 dB SNR
 Modem should be fairly immune to compression,
phase noise and jitter
 Modem should be fairly immune to 50+ MHz of
frequency error
 Modem should provide PHY layer Security
 Modem should be inexpensively realizable
Developing an innovative class of modem is key
November 11, 2003
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Newlans
Antenna Requirements
Beam Shaped MIMO Antenna




Mitigate effects of multipath
Maximum coverage
Minimum RF exposure
Minimize wasted spill of energy
Antenna is an enabler for space, time and frequency diversity
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Newlans
Link Performance
70
PT = 23 dBm instantaneous
GT = 23.5 dBi peak
GR = 17.5 dBi peak
60
Margin, dB
50
42.9 m
161.6 feet
40
134.4 m
441.1 feet
30
20
10
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Distance, Meters
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Newlans
Multipath Effects
Outside
antenna’s beam
coverage
Right Hand
30 feet
PT = 10 dBm
GT = 10 dBi
GR = 10 dBi
30 feet
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Newlans
Wall Propagation Analysis
150 m
10 m
10 m
10 m
Example
Margin = 12 dB
Extender
Wall
Tx
Rx
10 dB
10 m
10 m
20 dB
10 m
10 m
10 m
10 dB
Margin = 0 dB
Wall
Tx
Rx
10 dB
November 11, 2003
10 dB
20 dB
10 dB
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Newlans
Reliability
 Energy contained in a building
 Low probability of interference or jamming
 Effective BER very low due to space, time and
frequency diversity
 Network management can be used to perform fault
monitoring and optimization of radio resources,
and reroutes traffic to keep high availability
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Newlans
Reliability
High availability provided
by frequency, space and
time diversity
5.3 minutes/year
99.999 +
Wireless
99.999%
Fiber
99.999%
Cat 6
Source: Based on Networld special report titled ‘Supercharging The Desktop’ and Newlans
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Newlans
Campus Network
Convergence of mmwLAN and campus network
 Seamless network




Indoor/outdoor mobility
Security comparable to or better than a wired network
Availability comparable to or better than a wired network
Robust QoS
 Lower deployment cost
 Lower product cost
 Indoor and outdoor equipments have common components
Untethered Fiber
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Newlans
Migration Path
Migration path to 10 GigE – must track migration in the
wired network
 60 GHz and 90 GHz have adequate bandwidth, but
reduced number of channels
 70 GHz and 80 GHz have 10 GigE backhauling
capability
 Choose a modulation scheme does not require major
overhauling, thus minimizing cost impact
 Maintains backward compatibility with 1 GigE
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Newlans
MAC Layer Requirements
• High Performance MAC should provide Link
Layer Control
• Provide scheduling across space and frequency
diversity
• Provide multiple classes of service
• Should provide a reliable link layer in the
presence of multiple copies of packets and
copies with errors
• High Efficiency > 80%
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Newlans
Security
Objectives
Features
 Mutual authentication for identity
confirmation
 Block cipher for confidentiality (ex.
use of advanced encryption
standard)
 Dynamic keying for all of above (ex.
802.1X key management)
 Customizable PHY layer security
option
 Low probability of interception and
jamming
 60 GHz propagation facilitates
confinement of energy in an area
 AES implemented in hardware at
NAP and STN at 1 Gbps per channel
 Customizable scrambler whose
interconnections are customized per
LAN
 Per-channel digital scrambler seed
sequences that can be refreshed as
needed on control channels provide
added security
 Per-channel policies insulate high
and low security users from each
other’s differing network requirement
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Newlans
Technology Components
Transmit
Antenna
MAC
Modem
Front End
Receive
Antenna
MAC Processor
Encryption
Decryption
RFIC
56+ GHz MMICs
MIMO Antennas
Available Technologies
Sub μ CMOS
November 11, 2003
SiGe
BiCMOS
CMOS
GaAs - PHEMPT
- NHEMPT
DHBT
InP
GaN
SiGe
Horn
Printed Circuit
Phase Array
37
Newlans
Per Drop Cost
100%
NIC
Switch Interface
Installation
12.5%
90%
80%
70%
50.0%
60%
6.3%
50%
40%
31.4%
25.0%
30%
Variable Cost
20%
37.5%
22.8%
10%
Fixed Cost
31.3%
Fixed Cost
2.0%
0%
WLAN
Fiber
Note
Based on pricing for copper and fiber in 2005
November 11, 2003
Copper
38
Synergy With Other Standards
Work
Newlans
802.11
Wireless LAN (WLAN)
802.15
Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
802.16
Broadband Wireless Access (BBW)
802.18
Radio Regulatory Technical Advisory Group
802.19
Coexistence Technical Advisory Group
802.20
Mobile Wireless Access
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Newlans
End
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