IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER
DCN: 21-06-0706-00-0000
Title: IEEE P802.21 Tutorial
Date Submitted: July 17, 2006
Presented at IEEE 802.21 session #15 in San Diego, CA
Authors or Source(s):
Vivek Gupta, Michael G Williams, DJ Johnston, Stephen
McCann, Phil Barber, Yoshihiro Ohba
Abstract: IEEE P802.21 is the 802 standard for handover
services. This tutorial helps communicate the
architecture and definition of these services.
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IEEE 802.21 presentation release statements
This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 802.21 Working Group. It
is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing
individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to
change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s)
the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate
material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the
creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name
any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this
contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce
in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor
also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by
IEEE 802.21.
The contributor is familiar with IEEE patent policy, as outlined in Section 6.3
of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual
<http://standards.ieee.org/guides/opman/sect6.html#6.3> and in
Understanding Patent Issues During IEEE Standards Development
http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/guide.html>
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IEEE 802.21
Overview of Standard for
Media Independent Handover Services
IEEE 802 Plenary, San Diego
Tuesday, July 18 2006, 7:30 PM
Vivek Gupta
Michael G Williams
DJ Johnston
Stephen McCann
Phil Barber
Yoshihiro Ohba
Key Contributors
Ronny Kim
– (802.11 and 802.16 Amendments)
Dave Stephenson
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Agenda
History and Need for Handovers
802.21 Standard Overview
Media Specific Enhancements
– 802.11
– 802.16
– IETF
– 3GPP
Use Case
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Agenda
History and Need for Handovers
802.21 Standard Overview
Media Specific Enhancements
– 802.11
– 802.16
– IETF
– 3GPP
Use Case
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How it all started….
Handover Tutorial: Nov 2002
http://www.ieee802.org/16/arc/802-handoff/msg00001.html
IEEE 802 Tutorial: "Handoff Mechanisms and their Role in IEEE 802 Wireless Standards“
11 November 2002, 6:30-9:30 pm
Organized by Roger Marks and Brian Kiernan
Co-sponsored by 802.16, 802.11, 802.15
Attendance: approximately 250
Abstract and Speaker Details http://ieee802.org/16/tutorial/T80216-02_03.pdf
Presentation Materials http://ieee802.org/16/tutorial/T80216-02_04.zip
Speakers
Steve Dick, InterDigital Communications
Avi Freedman, Hexagon System Engineering
Joe Kwak, InterDigital Communications (T1P1 Representative)
Bob O'Hara, Black Storm Networks (Editor, P802.11F Inter-Access Point Protocol)
Richard Paine, Boeing (Chair, 802.11 Radio Resource Measurement Study Group)
Charles Perkins, Nokia (Editor of numerous IEEE IP Mobility documents)
TK Tan, Philips Semiconductors (Chair, Wireless LAN Interworking Group
[802/ETSI/ARIB])
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How it all started…
Roger’s Email: Feb 2003
From: Roger B. Marks [mailto:r.b.marks@ieee.org]
Sent: Wednesday, February 12, 2003 03:29 PM
To: stds-802-handoff@ieee.org
Subject: stds-802-handoff: Call for Interest on "IEEE 802 Handoff
Mechanism" for March
Dear 802 Handoff Reflector:
The 802 Handoff Call for Interest has been scheduled for 6-7:30 pm on
Tuesday March 11.
Based on discussions I have had, I believe that there is interest in this
topic. However, the reflector has been quiet, and no one has volunteered
any input or commented on my proposed agenda (see below).
So, please let me know (preferably via the reflector):
*Do you think that 802 ought to be thinking about a common handoff
approach?
*Is it time to start a Study Group?
*Would you attend the Call for Interest?
*Would you want to be a presenter at the Call for Interest?
*If so, what would you say?
Roger
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Problems….
Incorrect Network Selection
– Ability of a device to choose it’s connection was hopeless. You could
often connect at L2, but not at the network layer. The PC would
often connect to the wrong one of many available APs, based on
signal strength criteria alone.
Increasing number of interfaces on devices
– Problem could extend to cover multiple interfaces.
Various fast handover mechanisms in IETF
– MIPv4, FMIPv6
IETF anticipated L2 constructs in standardized form
– Triggers, events, hints etc, but 802 was not providing them in a
standard form or a media independent form
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Initial Thinking..
Develop common standard across 802 media
Define L2 Triggers to make FMIP work well
Define media independent information to enable my
laptop to detect and select networks effectively
Define a way to transport this information and these
triggers over all 802 media
CFI with some initial slides :
http://www.ieee802.org/21/archived_docs/Documents/80
2_Handoff_CFIr1.pdf
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The Use Case
Internet
802.16
802.11
802.3
Headed out of
the building
Undocked &
walking
around
My Desk
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The ECSG Experience
People wanted cellular inter-working also
802.11 and 802.16 were ready and willing to
develop text to work with 802.21
Wired+wireless was desired
Security is hard. Steer clear of it for now.
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802.21 Prehistory
i
p
i
p
i
Jan
2003
March
2003
May
2003
July
2003
Sept
2003
CFI.
First
Meeting of
ECSG
802
Handover
Tutorial
p
Nov
2003
i
p
Jan
2004
Mar
2004
PAR & 5C
Initial WG
Meeting
Submission
802
Handover
ECSG
Formed by
SEC
EC PAR
Approval
CFI : http://www.ieee802.org/21/archived_docs/Documents/802_Handoff_CFIr1.pdf
ECSG Docs :http://www.ieee802.org/21/archived_docs/
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Semi-Official Logo
Thanks to Eric Jacobson
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Agenda
History and Need for Handovers
802.21 Standard Overview
Media Specific Enhancements
– 802.11
– 802.16
– IETF
– 3GPP
Use Case
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Need for Handovers
Multi-Radio Networking Evolution
Multiple Wireless Technologies
More Capable Devices
Evolving Usage Models
Multi-radio operation is becoming the Norm…
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Need for Handovers
Types of Handovers
Homogeneous (Horizontal) Handovers
– Within Single Network (Localized Mobility)
• 802.11r, 802.16e, 3GPP, 3GPP2
– Limited opportunities
Heterogeneous (Vertical) Handovers
– Across Different Networks (Global Mobility)
– More Opportunistic
IEEE 802.21 is primarily for Vertical Handovers
….can also be used for Homogeneous Handovers
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Need for Handovers
Genesis for 802.21
Handover
Initiation
Handover
Preparation
Handover
Execution
Setup New
Link
Transfer
Connection
Scope of 802.21
Search New
Link
Network Discovery
Network Selection
Handover Negotiation
Layer 2 Connectivity
IP Connectivity
Handover Signaling
Context Transfer
Packet Reception
IEEE 802.21 helps with Handover Initiation,
Network Selection and Interface Activation
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Need for Handovers
Handover Standards
VCC
802.11r
802.16e
I-WLAN
SAE-LTE
IEEE
802.21
3GPP/2
Inter-working &
Handover Signaling
MIP
NETLMM
DNA
SIP
Horizontal
Handovers
FMIP
HIP MIPSHOP
IETF
IEEE
IP Mobility &
Handover Signaling
Provides 802 component to other Handover Standards
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IEEE 802.21 Standard
Media Independent Handover Services
802.21 Overview
Optimize Layer 3 and above Handovers
– Across 802 Networks and extend to Cellular Networks
– (802.3 <> 802.11 <> 802.16 <> Cellular)
Key Benefits
– Optimum Network Selection
– Seamless Roaming to Maintain Connections
– Lower Power operation for Multi-Radio devices
For More Information: www.ieee802.org/21
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802.21 Overview
IEEE 802.21 Membership
Sessions
– Session #1
Orlando
Mar 2004
~40
– Session #5
San Antonio
Nov 2004
48
– Session #9
San Francisco July 2005
55
– Session #11
Vancouver
Nov 2005
66
– Session #15
San Diego
July 2006
74
Participants
– Membership has almost doubled over the last two years
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802.21 Overview
802.21 History & Timeline
1H
2004
2H
2004
802.21 WG
Created
1H
2005
2H
2005
14 Initial
Proposals
1H
2006
2H
2006
Letter
Ballot
Initiate Amendments to
802.11u, 802.16g.
IETF (MIPSHOP) on L3
Call For
Proposals
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Down selection
Initial 802.21
Draft Text
1H
2007
Sponsor
Ballot*
2H
2007
20082009
802.21
Deployment*
802.21 Spec
Ratified*
* Projected Timelines
802.21 Overview
802.21: Key Services
Applications (VoIP/RTP)
Link Layer
Triggers
Handover
Connection
Management
State Change
Handover Management Predictive
Network
Mobility Management
ProtocolsInitiated
IETF
Policy
Smart
Triggers
Handover
Messages
Information
Service
IEEE 802.21
802.21 MIH Function
Handover Commands
L2 Triggers
and Events
Available Networks
Neighbor Maps
Network Services
Client Initiated
Network Initiated
Vertical Handovers
Handover
Messages
WLAN
Network Information
Information
Service
Cellular
WMAN
Protocol and Device Hardware
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802.21 uses multiple services to Optimize
Vertical Handovers
802.21 Overview
L2 Events (Triggers)
Disconnected
State Change Events
– Link Up
– Link Down
Connected
Link Going Down
Link Up
Link Down
– Link Parameters Change
Predictive Events
– Link Going Down
Network Initiated Events
– Load Balancing
WLAN
Link Up
Link
Switch
Make before
Break
WWAN
Time
– Operator Preferences
Triggers Minimize Connectivity Disruption during
Link Switching
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802.21 Overview
Proposed Link Layer Events
No
Event Type
Event Name
Description
1
State Change
Link Up
L2 Connection established
2
State Change
Link Down
L2 Connection is broken
3
Predictive
Link Going Down
L2 connection breakdown imminent
4
State Change
Link Detected
New L2 link has been found
5
State Change
Link Parameters
Change
Change in specific link parameters has
crossed pre-specified thresholds (link
Speed, Quality metrics)
6
Administrative
Link Event Rollback
Event rollback
7
Link Transmission
Link SDU Transmit
Status
8
Link Synchronous
Link Handover
Imminent
9
Link Synchronous
Link Handover
Complete
Improve handover performance through
local feedback as opposed to waiting
for end-to-end notifications
L2 intra-technology handover imminent
(subnet change). Notify Handover
information without change in link state.
Notify handover state
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802.21 Overview
Media Independent Information Service
802.21
Information
Server
Global Network Map
WLAN
WWAN
WMAN
Network
Network
Type
Network
Type
Type
GSM
SSID/
SSID/
Cell
ID
SSID/ Cell
Cell ID
ID
13989
GSM
802.11n
GSM
802.11b
802.16e
13989
Enterprise
13989
Intel
NA
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•List of Available Networks
- 802.11/16/22, GSM, UMTS
•Link Layer Information
- Neighbor Maps
•Higher Layer Services
- ISP, MMS, ….
BSSID
BSSID
BSSID
Operator
Operator
Operator
Security
Security
Security
EAP Type
NW
NW
Channel
Channel
Channel
QoS
QoS
QoS
N/A
N/A
00:00:…
N/A
00:00:…
NA
Oper-1
AT&T
Oper-2
AT&T
Intel
Oper-3
NA
NA
.11i
NA
.11i
PKM
NA
NA
EAP-PEAP
NA
EAP-PEAP
EAP-PEAP
1900
1900
6
1900
N/A
N/A
.11e
N/A
.11e
Yes
6
11
Physical
Physical
Layer
Physical
Layer
Layer
N/A
N/A
OFDM
N/A
OFDM
OFDM
Data Rate
Data Rate
Data Rate
9.6 Kbps
9.6 kbps
100
9.6 Mbps
kbps
11 Mbps
40 Mbps
802.21 Overview
Media Independent Information Service

Information about all Networks from Single radio
•

Cellular radio indicates presence of suitable WiFi hotspot
Common Information Representation across different
Networks, Rich Information
•
TLV, XML
•
Enable mobile policies beyond what can be pre-configured

Media Independent Model
•
Use L2 for initial Network Discovery and Selection
•
Use L3 when available for client specific information
Information Service can help with Network Discovery and
Selection leading to more effective Handover decisions
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802.21 Overview
Information Elements
Description
Comments
List all network types that are
available given client
location
Geographical Location, Civic
address, PoA ID
Name of the network
provider
List of direct roaming
agreements
Indication of costs for
service/network usage
E.g., 802.11, 802.16, GSM, GPRS/EDGE,
UMTS networks
Security
Link layer security supported
Cipher Suites and Authentication
Methods, Technology specific, e.g. WEP
in 802.11, 802.11i, PKM in 802.16, etc.
Quality of Service
Link QoS parameters
802 wide representation, application
friendly
PoA Capabilities
Emergency Services, IMS
Services, etc.
Higher Layer Services
Vendor Specific IEs
Vendor/Operator specific
information
Custom information
Information
Element
List of networks
available
Location of PoA
Operator ID
Roaming Partners
Cost
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E.g. GML format for LBS or network
management purpose
E.g. Could be equivalent to Network ID.
E.g. in form of NAIs or MCC+MNC
E.g, Free/Not free or (flat rate, hourly,
day or weekly rate)
Types of Handover Based on Control
Model
Terminal Controlled
– Terminal makes use of some MIH services
Terminal Initiated, Network Assisted
– Terminal makes use of MIH Information Service
Network Initiated and Network Controlled
– Network makes use of MIH Event and Command
Service, plus Information Service knowledge, to decide if
handover is needed/desired, to decide the target, and to
command the terminal to handover
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802.21 Overview
Handover Commands for
Network Initiated Handovers
No
Command
Name
MIHF <> MIHF
Description
1
MIH Handover
Initiate
Client <> Network
Initiates handovers and sends a list of suggested
networks and suggested PoA (AP/BS).
2
MIH Handover
Prepare
Network <> Network
This command is sent by MIHF on old network to MIHF
on suggested new network . This allows the client to
query for resources on new network and also allows to
prepare the new network for handover
3
MIH Handover
Commit
Client <> Network
In this case the client commits to do the handover based
on selected choices for network and PoA.
4
MIH Handover
Complete
Client <> Network
This is a notification from new network PoA to old
network PoA that handover has been completed, new
PoA has been established and any pending packets may
now be forwarded to the new PoA.
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Network <> Network
802.21 Overview
Handovers: Who makes the Decision ?
Measurements
Triggers
IEEE 802.21
Measurements, Triggers,
Neighbor Information
Mobile Device
(User)
Neighbor Maps
Service Information
Network
(Operators)
IEEE 802.21 enables Co-operative
Handover Decision Making
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802.21 Overview
MIHF Protocol

Collection of all MIHF messages sent between peer
MIH entities
•

Includes Events, Commands and IS exchange
Common message payload across different media
•

802.3, 802.11, 802.16, Cellular…
Media specific Transports
•
Use Data plane whenever available
–
•
Use Management plane when Data plane not available
–
32
e.g: In State 3 for 802.11
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Action Frames in State 1 for 802.11
802.21 Overview
MIHF Protocol
MIHF Fixed
Header
MIHF Variable
Header
MIHF Payload
MIH Function Frame
Opcode
(2)
SID
(4)
Octet 1
VER Ack
MIHF
F
Fixed
Header
MIHF
Variable
Load
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(4)
Octet 2
Ack
Req(1) Rsp(1)
Reserved
(10)
Transaction ID
(16)
Octet 3
Action ID
(10)
Octet 4
MIH Message ID
(16)
Variable Load Length
(16)
MIHF Variable
Va
Header
(contains Header Identifiers in TL
V format)
MIHF Payload
(contains other service specific TL
Vs)
Media Specific Enhancements
Media specific Amendments
MIH Protocol (MAC independent messages) defined in 802.21
Container for MIH messages for 802.11 defined in 802.11u
Container for MIH messages for 802.16 defined in 802.16g
Working with 3GPP-SAE for 3GPP specific changes
Transport for MIH Protocol defined in IETF (MIPSHOP)
Media specific changes closely follow base protocol
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Agenda
History and Need for Handovers
802.21 Standard Overview
Media Specific Enhancements
– 802.11
– 802.16
– IETF
– 3GPP
Use Case
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802.11 Amendments
802.11u is a task group that was chartered
to allow devices to inter-work with external
networks, as typically found in hotspots.
It assists the advertising and connection
to remote services beyond the DS and it
intends to provide information to the STA
about the external network prior to
association.
Natural task group to work with 802.21
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802.11 Amendments
MIH Capability Delivery
802.11 MLME SAP Extensions
Information Service for Generic Network
Selection
802.11 Transport for MIHF Protocol
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802.11 Amendments
MIH Amendments for 802.11
No New Mobility
Protocols
Does Not handle
Handover Execution
Layer 3 or higher Mobility Protocol (L3MP)
802.21 Scope
No Redesign of
Existing PHY/MAC
MIH_SAP
MIH
MIH
MIH
MIH
Function
Event Service
Command Service
Information Service
LSAP
MLME_SAP
LLC
MAC
PHY_SAP
PHY
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MLME_PLME_SAP
PLME
PLME_SAP
New items in
scope of 802.21
MLME
MLME_SAP
MAC_SAP
SME
or
NME
802.11 based Reference Network
NAP NOC
SSPN #1 NOC
802.21 IS AAA
802.21 IS AAA
MIH
SSPN #1
Core Network
MIH
NAP
Core Network
SSPN #2 NOC
Internet
802.21 IS AAA
SSPN #2
Core Network
Hot Spot #1
Hot Spot #N
Use 802.21 as Protocol for Network Selection
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802.11 Amendments
MIH Capability Discovery
Mobile Node can detect whether 802.11 Network
supports MIH Function through 802.11 Beacon
Beacon conveys MIH Capability Information
What does MIH Capability mean?
– 802.11 supports MIH query in state 1 using Action Frame
– Information Service Query
– ES/CS Capability Discovery
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802.11 Amendments
SAP Extension
Extensions to MLME-SAP to support MIH related
Primitives
Use existing 802.11 Primitives when applicable
•
Some extensions
MLME-SCAN.confirm
MLME-MIHProtocol.indication,
MLME-LinkUp.indication
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802.11 Amendments
Information Service as Generic Network
Selection Info Query
Client
AP
IS Server
Beacon(MIH Capability)
Probe Request
(IS Query frame)
IS Query
Probe Response
(Status, Multicast Address)
IS Query Response
B-SNA, MC(Query Response)
MC(Query Response)
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802.11 Amendments
802.11 Transport for MIH
State 1
• Probe Request/Response for Information
Query and ES/CS Capability discovery
Service
• Action Frame
– IS Query response, and ES/CS capability discovery
response
State 3
• Ethernet frame with MIH Ethertype
• 802.11 MAC is transparent to MIH protocol messages
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Agenda
History and Need for Handovers
802.21 Standard Overview
Media Specific Enhancements
– 802.11
– 802.16
– IETF
– 3GPP
Use Case
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802.16 Amendments
802.16 Architectural Extension for MIH
MIH Capability Delivery
NCMS Extension
802.16 SAP Extension
802.16 Transport for MIHF Protocol
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802.16 Amendments
MIH Amendments for 802.16
No New Mobility
Protocols
Layer 3 or higher Mobility Protocol (L3MP)
Does Not handle
Handover Execution
802.21 Scope
MIH_SAP
MIH Function
MIH Event Service
MIH Command Service
MIH Information Service
L2.5
Convergence Sublayer (CS)
No Redesign of
Existing PHY/MAC
MAC_SAP
C_SAP, M_SAP
are extended to
Support MIH
C_SAP
CS_SAP
MAC Common Part Sublayer
Management Plane
PHY_SAP
New SAPs in
scope of 802.21
PHY
NCMS supports MIH
Primitives Delivery to
MIH Function
802.21 is designed for existing and evolving Networks
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M_SAP
MAC Security Sublayer
NCMS
802.16 Amendments
MIH Capability Delivery
Mobile Node can detect whether 802.16
supports MIH Function through 802.16 Broadcast
Message
DCD (Downlink Channel Descriptor) conveys
MIH Capability Information
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802.16 Amendments
NCMS Extension
Network Control and Management System
AAA Services
Paging Services
Idle Mode Services
Service Flow Id
/Connection Id
Management Services
Security Services
RF Transmission and
Synchronization Services
Mobility Management
Services
Multimedia Session
Management Services
Gateway and Router
Services
Media Independent
Handover Function
Services
Network Management
Services
Radio Resource
Management Services
Network Address
Management Services
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Inter-working Services
802.16 Amendments
SAP Extension
C-SAP are M-SAP are extended to support MIH
related Primitives
Management SAP
•
Multi-mode interface management
Control SAP
•
Media Independent Handover Function Services
Use existing 802.16 Primitives as much as
possible
•
Some extensions
e.g. C-MIH-NOTIFY, C-NEM-REQ/RSP, M-MTM-REQ/RSP/NOTIFY, etc
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2016-07-26
802.16 Amendments
802.16 Transport for MIH
Multi-Mode Mobile Terminal
Base Station
Applications
Device
Manager
Handover
Policy
Control
Function
Mobility
Management
Protocol 1
Mobility
Management
Protocol 2
IP
MIH_SAP
MIH_SAP
Media Independent Handover Function
PHY_SAP
UMTS Layer 1
•Use MIH Ethertype
MIH Message (Data Plane)
MIH Message (Control Plane)
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MIH_SME_SAP
CS
MAC_SAP
MAC
PHY_SAP
PHY
Management
Entity
Network Control
Management System
C_SAP
Management
Entity
NCMS
MAC_SAP
CS_SAP
M_SAP
•Generic MAC Mgmt
message
is defined for
RRC
MIH (MOB-MIH_MSG)
RLC
•MIH Frame is conveyed
the Generic MAC
MACthrough
(H-ARQ)
management message
C_SAP
MIH_MGMT_SAP
MIH_SME_SAP
M_SAP
CS
PHY
GMM/
SM
MIH_RRC_SAP
CS_SAP
MAC
Media Independent Handover Function
Agenda
History and Need for Handovers
802.21 Standard Overview
Media Specific Enhancements
– 802.11
– 802.16
– IETF
– 3GPP
Use Case
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IETF Work
On going work in MIPSHOP WG, Internet Area
Aim is at:
– Defining a problem statement for transport over IP of the MIH protocol
– Defining delivery of information for MIH services “layer 3 or above" protocol
• This allows the network information to reside anywhere (not necessarily across the
link-layer hop)
• Enables MIH services even in the absence of the corresponding link-layer support
• For discovery of IP node(s) providing services, it is expected that any of the several
current L3 discovery mechanisms will be used
• An existing or new protocol may be used for the transport. If an existing one,
MIPSHOP will create a guide on how to use such protocol for the specific task
– Define IP-layer discovery component
– Address security (out of scope for IEEE 802.21)
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Current IETF Drafts
Personal drafts on the problem statement
– MIH Problem Statement (draft-hepworth-mipshop-mih-problemstatement)
– Network Initiated Handovers PS (draft-melia-mobopts-niho-ps)
– Design Considerations for MIH Transport, draft-hepworth-mipshopmih-design-considerations-00, E. Hepworth
Personal drafts on transport protocol
– Transport of Media Independent Handover Messages Over IP
I-D: draft-rahman-mipshop-mih-transport-00.txt
– Supporting Media Independent Handover Protocols with GIST, drafthancock-mipshop-gist-for-mih-00.txt
– Mobile and Wireless Neighborhood Discovery by Using DHCP
(draft-jang-mipshop-nhdisc-00.txt)
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2016-07-26
IETF Update
Next steps:
– MIPSHOP WG chair instructed group to create a common agreed
PS draft to be adopted by the WG
– MIPSHOP WG chair will work with 802.21 chair and liaison officers
to ensure appropriate dialogue takes place to ensure alignment
• To satisfy IEEE 802.21 requirements
• To enable IETF to provide any necessary input
– Creation of a design team to develop one proposal for the solution
(to speed up completion)
Need to ensure running code is created (a la IETF)
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2016-07-26
Agenda
History and Need for Handovers
802.21 Standard Overview
Media Specific Enhancements
– 802.11
– 802.16
– IETF
– 3GPP
Use Case
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2016-07-26
3GPP Amendments
(Working with SA2/SAE)
Requirements in TR 23.882
– For Information Service
– For Operator influenced Handovers (Handover Commands)
– It shall be possible for the operator to provide the UE with access
network information pertaining to locally supported 3GPP and non3GPP access technologies. The access network information may
also include operator preferences based on locally available 3GPP
and non-3GPP access technologies, and the information may be
restricted to the access technologies or access networks the UE
can use.
– Others: Work in Progress
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2016-07-26
802.21 Amendments
802.21
Features
802.11
802.16
IETF
Capability
Discovery
Beacons
DCD Broadcast
Messages
DHCP
MIH Services when IS only
Mgmt
NOT Attached to
Plane Action
Network
Frames
IS only
Mgmt
Plane
MAC
Mgmt Messages
N/A
MIH Services when IS/ES/CS
Attached to
Data Plane MIH
Network
Ethertype
IS/ES/CS
IS/ES/CS
SAP Changes
NCMS, C_SAP,
M_SAP
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MLME SAP
Data Plane
Ethertype
MIH
New Signaling
protocol being
defined
N/A
Agenda
History and Need for Handovers
802.21 Standard Overview
Media Specific Enhancements
– 802.11
– 802.16
– IETF
– 3GPP
Use Case
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2016-07-26
MxN – Mixed-Network Client Use Case
Zone 1
Operating on
3G WWAN
Zone 2 3G WWAN
Wakeup Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi Link Going Down.
Connect to
Wi-Fi
Continue
session on Wi-Fi
Airport
Zone 6
Radio State
3G WWAN
Continue session
on 3G WWAN
Home
Battery level low
Shutdown WiMAX
Switch to 3G WWAN
Operator initiated switch to WiMAX
Continue session on WiMAX
Shutdown Wi-Fi
Zone 7
Plug into power jack
Wakeup Wi-Fi
Continue over Wi-Fi
Zone 5
Zone 4
Zone 3
WiMAX
Zone 8
WiMAX
Wi-Fi
WiMAX
GPS
Zone 9
IEEE 802.21, SIP, VCC, IMS, for Network Selection and Service
VCC, SIP,
for
Call
Continuity
WWAN

Wi-Fi)
802.21,
SIP,IMS
IMS
IEEE
for
802.21
Service
forContinuity
Network (3G
Discovery
(Wi-Fi
WiMAX)
Continuity across multiple radios (3G WWAN  Wi-Fi  WiMAX)
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2016-07-26
Summary
With advances in Devices, Networks and Usage
Models Multi-radio operation is likely to become
the norm
IEEE 802.21 helps with Handover Initiation,
Network Selection and Interface Activation during
Vertical Handovers
802.21 enables Co-operative Handover decision
making between Clients and Network
Media specific changes closely follow base
802.21 MIH Protocol
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Thank You!
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2016-07-26
Backup
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2016-07-26
Acronyms
AP
ASN.1
BS
BSS
BSSID
EAP
GSM
ISP
MIH
MMS
NCMS
PoA
PoS
QoS
RTP
SAP
SSID
VPN
UMTS
XML
63
Access Point
Abstract Syntax Notation number One
Base Station
Basic Service Set
Basic Service Set Identifier
Extended Authentication Protocol
Global System for Mobile Communications
Internet Service Provider
Media Independent Handover
Multimedia Message Service
Network Control and Management System
Point of Attachment (L2, AP/BS)
Point of Service
Quality of Service
Real Time Protocol
Service Access Point
Service Set Identifier
Virtual Private Network
Universal Mobile Terrestrial System
eXtended Markup Language
2016-07-26
802.21 Services
IS: Information Service
CS: Command Service
ES: Event Service
LLC: Logical link controller
Media
Media
Independent
Independent
Handover
HandoverUser
User
IS / CS / ES over Higher Layer Transport
ES
CS
IS
Client
Station
Higher Layer
Transport
(E.g.,IP)
Media Independent Handover
Function (Network)
ES
CS
IS
Media Independent Handover
Function (Client)
ES
CS
IS
3GPP
3GPP2
Interface
E
v
e
n
t
s
E
v
e
n
t
s
LLC/
CS
MAC
MGMT
PHY
802
Interface
Higher Layer Transport/ L2
Co-located with MIH
E
v
e
n
t
s
E
v
e
n
t
s
2016-07-26
Information
Repository
Higher Layer
Transport
LLC/
CS
MAC
MGMT
PHY
Information Service over L2 Transport
Remote MIH Events over L2 Transport
802 Networks
64
MIH Network Entity
( e.g
. . )MIH Server Controller
3GPP
3GPP2
Network
MIH Communication Model
Candidate PoA
Client Side
MIH PoS
Network Side
R2
R4
R5
MIH PoS
MIH
R1
UE/MN
Serving PoA
R5
R3
MIH PoS
MIH
R4
PoA:L2 Point of Attachment (AP/BS)
PoS: Point of Service
MN: Mobile Node
UE: User Equipment
MIH: Media Independent Handover
Non PoA
Network Entity
R4
Non PoA
Network Entity
Comments
Transport
Scope
802.21
Between MIH on a UE and MIH PoS on
serving/candidate PoA.
Usually L2
Yes
R3
Between the MIH on a UE and an MIH PoS on a
non-PoA network entity
Usually L3
Yes
R4
Between MIH PoS and a non-PoS MIH
Function instance in distinct Network entities
Usually L3
Yes
R5
Between MIH PoS and another MIH PoS
instance in distinct Network entities
Usually L3
Yes
Communication
Reference Point
R1, R2
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