Alleles
Alternate forms of a gene or DNA sequence, which occur on either of two homologous chromosomes in a diploid
organism
Artificial
selection
Breeding organisms by humans for specific phenotypic characteristics
Codominance
An inheritance relationship in which neither of two alleles of the same gene totally mask the other
Deletion
Chromosome abnormality in which part of the chromosome is missing; loss of one or more base pairs from DNA which can
result in a frameshift
Dominance
A characteristic in which an allele that expresses its phenotype even in the presence of a recessive allele
Frameshift
mutation
Genome
A mutation that results in the misreading of the code during translation because of the change in the reading frame
Genotype
The structure of DNA that determines the expression of a trait
Human Genome
Project
A project coordinated by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Energy (DOE) to determine the
entire nucleotide sequence of the human chromosomes
Incomplete
dominance
A condition where a heterozygous off- spring has a phenotype that is distinctly different from, and intermediate to, the
parental phenotypes
Independent
assortment
Karyotype
The law stating that pairs of genes separate independently of one another in meiosis
The complete genetic material contained in an individual; the genetic complement contained in the chromosomes of a
given organism, usually the haploid chromosome state
All of the chromosomes in a cell or an individual organism, visible through a microscope during cell division