Contents of this Writing Guide – MLA Style
FORMAT YOUR ESSAY USING MLA STYLE
page 2
General Guidelines for Page Layout
2
Sample First Page
2
Setup of Second and Subsequent Pages
3
Notes on Writing Style
3
DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES
IN-TEXT CITATIONS IN MLA STYLE
page 4
page 5
Writing Style and Usage of Quotations
5
Technicalities of In-text Citations
6
Examples of In-text (Parenthetical) Citations
7
WORKS CITED IN MLA STYLE
page 10
Fundamentals
10
Technicalities of Generating each Source Entry
10
Final Formatting of your Works Cited or Works Consulted
11
Abbreviations for information you cannot supply in the citation
11
Works Cited in MLA Style – Sample of the Page
12
WORKS CITED IN MLA STYLE – EXAMPLES OF ENTRIES
page 13
Books (as a whole) – Print
13
Part/Section in a Book – Print
14
Book/Work (as a whole) – Online
15
Part/Section in an Encyclopedia, eBook, or Multi-volume Set – Online
15
Part/Section (from an original publication) Reprinted – Print or Online
15
Part/Section in a Periodical (magazine, newspaper, journal) – Print/Online 16
Visual and Audio Media
16
Social/Interactive Media
18
Web Site
19
Works Cited Tutorial – Fill in the Blank Entries – MLA Style
page 20
Make Notes Tutorials
page 22
Works Cited
page 23
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 1
FORMAT YOUR ESSAY USING MLA STYLE
The MLA Handbook (7th edition) is the guide that is used commonly in humanities courses including English,
History, Arts, and Computer.
General Guidelines for Page Layout


Type on plain white 8.5” x 11” paper (no coloured or patterned paper)
Use a common font, ex. Times New Roman or Arial 12 pt. font size

Use the same font throughout for titles and other headers as well as the main text


Set margins to 1 inch on all sides (except for the Header – see last bullet point in this section
Centre the title and capitalize main words

The entire paper, including headings, all quotations, and the Works Cited, should be doubleline-spaced

Indent the first line of new paragraphs; do not put extra line spaces between them.

Leave either one or two spaces after punctuation; be consistent throughout your entire work

Assignments in MLA do not use title pages, unless your teacher requires one; instead, all
“title page” information appears on page 1 in the form of a Header

Setting up a Header in Word 2007
o
o
Choose Insert, choose page number, choose top of page (right side), type in your
surname, add one space.
Close Header/Footer right side. This Header will automatically
repeat on each page with sequential page numbers
Your teacher may ask that
you not show the Header
on the first page; even so,
second page must begin
Jones 2 (not 1)
Sample First Page
1”
Jones 1
Thadeus Jones
Put this information
in the body of page
one, NOT in a header
or text box.
Double-line
spaced
consistently.
Mr. Spencer
HIS 3U1
11 March 2002
Minor Characters in Catcher in the Rye
Centre title and format correctly i.e.
title of book in italics.
Some novels focus on the life of one main character; some are told
entirely from that character’s point of view. This does not necessarily mean,
1”
however, that all the minor characters in the book are insignificant. In fact,
1”
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 2
Setup of Second and Subsequent Pages

The four heading lines of ‘title page’ information should appear only on the first page.

Each new paragraph should be indented one tab or five spaces. Do not put extra line spaces
between paragraphs.
Doe 2
it is clear that Fitzgerald is attempting to shed some light on the direction
America was heading after the First World War.
When the war ended, Americans wanted to forget the hardships and
turmoil of the previous years and concentrate upon the youthful glory and
excitement, which became characteristic of the Jazz Age. “Jazz had been
(adapted from McGhie)
Notes on Writing Style:
 Use formal, standard English. Avoid slang, colloquialisms and text-messaging short
forms.
 Do not use contractions. (Use “do not” instead of “don’t” and “is not” instead of “isn’t.”)
 Do not use first person (I, me, us, we) unless you are writing a personal essay and your
teacher gives you permission.
 Be consistent with verb tense. Literary essays are typically written in present verb tense
ex. becomes, realizes, etc.
 Italicize the titles of all books, movies, plays, TV programs, newspapers, magazines,
journals, web sites, etc.
 Place quotation marks around the title of a short story, essay, newspaper, magazine, or
journal article, chapter or section of a book, section or page within a web site, title of a
poem in a book of poems, etc.
 The title of a book of the Bible is neither enclosed in quotation marks nor italicized.
 One or two word numbers should be spelled out, but numbers that are three or more
words should be given in digits
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 3
DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS AND GUIDELINES
You MUST acknowledge the author(s) for any and all information you use in any
kind of report, essay, or presentation that you do. The purpose of documentation is
twofold: to give credit where credit is due, and to allow your reader to track down
your sources.
Every acknowledgement has TWO locations/parts.
1.
In-text Citation – acknowledgement of a source used, placed immediately at the point where
it is used – after a quotation or after a paraphrased section. The bare detail (most commonly
author’s last name and page of the quote or information) of the source is given in
parentheses and it directs the reader to the complete source entry which appears in the
Works Cited.
2.
Works Cited, Works Consulted, or References – the list of sources used with complete
publication detail for each source. It begins on a separate page(s) at the end of your work.
The first word(s) of each citation is/are the words used in-text, placed in parentheses.
Works Cited – includes all works which you cited within your work (MLA style)
Works Consulted – includes works which you cited in your work and those you read, but
didn’t make direct use of in your work (MLA style)
References – includes all works which you cited in your work (APA style)
Your teacher will dictate which style is to be used for documentation. The two styles that are used
most commonly are those of the Modern Language Association (MLA) and the American
Psychological Association (APA).
Using MLA Style
Using APA Style
“Why do I need to learn
MLA style? MLA style
represents a consensus
among teachers, scholars,
and librarians in the fields of
language, literature, and the humanities, on
the conventions of documenting research.
APA style represents a
consensus among scholars
in the science fields on the
conventions of documenting
research. Unique to this style is the
placement of date information as the
second item in the source record …
because you would rather read ‘new’
science than ‘old’ science?!
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
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IN-TEXT CITATIONS IN MLA STYLE
The in-text citation reveals the source that was used right at the point where it was used. This
citation is alternately called a parenthetical citation or parenthetical reference.
“Usually the author’s last name and a page reference are enough to identify the source
and specific location from which you borrowed material” (MLA 214).

In parentheses you should provide the last name of the author. If the author is not named, the
title of the article (in quotation marks) or the title of the work (in italics) should be listed. The
word(s) that appear first in the Works Cited, should appear in parentheses in your work with the
page number of the quotation (MLA 214-215)
Writing Style and Usage of Quotations

“Whether set off from the text or run into it, quoted material is usually preceded by a colon if the
quotation is formally introduced and by a comma or no punctuation if the quotation is an integral
part of the sentence structure” (MLA 102).
Shelley held a bold view: “Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the World” (794).
Shelley thought poets were “the unacknowledged legislators of the World” (794).
“Poets”, according to Shelley, “are the unacknowledged legislators of the World” (794).
(MLA 102)

“Construct a clear, grammatically correct sentence that allows you to introduce or incorporate a
quotation. . .” (MLA 92)

Lead up to your quotation by giving the speaker and the situation. Do not assume that the
reader knows the exact part of the book that you are quoting.

Avoid the use of artificial phrasing such as “This quotation proves…”

Follow up your quotation by commenting on, explaining, applying, interpreting, or drawing a
conclusion from your quotation. Do not leave the reader to do the work! Never move on to a
new point or paragraph immediately after the quotation.

Introduce and follow up on each quotation separately. Do not string them together.

Avoid overly long quotations. Try to pick out the essential part that proves your point, or is
particularly vivid, apt, or relevant.

Remember that quotations are not a substitute for argument. Your well-developed argument is
what will make a good essay and not a series of quotations strung together by “ifs, ands, and
buts”.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
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Technicalities of In-text Citations

Sentence punctuation is placed after the end bracket of the parentheses

Short quotations of one to four lines are enclosed by quotation marks and incorporated into the
body of the assignment

Long quotations of more than four lines are set off from the body of the assignment by
indenting the lines 10 spaces (or two tabs) on the LEFT side of the margin only. Type the
quotation double-line-spaced, without using quotation marks. Do not indent the first line of the
quotation more than the others unless you are quoting two or more paragraphs. Shakespeare
and poetry are an exception to the indenting rule – see examples which follow

Exception alert! In the case of a long quotation, its punctuation is placed at the end of the
quote, before the citation’s parentheses

If you leave anything out of a quotation, put in three spaced dots (an ellipsis . . .) to show the
omission

Do not put ellipses at the beginning or end of the quotation unless the individual sentence
involved is incomplete.

If you make any change in a quotation for clarity, put the extra words in square brackets, i.e.
McKye states that “[we should] consider if the monarchy is important to Canada” (45).

If there is a spelling error in the quotation you wish to use, you must write the word as it
appears in the text and then put (sic)—which means “thus”-- beside it in brackets, i.e., Nanny Jo
says “A connexion (sic) between parents is essential” (62).

If it is perfectly clear within the cadence of the sentence who the author of the quotation is, you
can place just the page number (67) in brackets. If the author of a quote might be unclear in the
cadence of the sentence, especially when more than one source is quoted, do provide that
author’s last name in parentheses (King 157). Your teacher may require you to include the
author of the quote in brackets, regardless.

For two books by the same author, add the title (or a short form of it) in italics, and the page
number-- (King Firestarter 203) and (King Cujo 88).

For websites, place the author’s name only in the parentheses, assuming pages or paragraphs
are not numbered. If the paragraphs are numbered on the site, indicate ‘par’. and the number
within the parentheses. If no author is listed, take another look to determine if the site is worthy
of mention. If yes, use the title information by which it is alphabetized in the Works Cited.
Make Notes while you Read – include quotes, paraphrasing, summary, main ideas …
Keep record of each source (all publication details) right when you are reading and
taking notes from it. Record facts and details in your own words and write questions
that arise in your mind. Highlight and circle to draw your attention to key things.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
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Examples of In-text (Parenthetical) Citations
Short Quotation with Author – Example:
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful
feelings" (263).
Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth
263).
Paraphrase (instead of quote)
Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).
Corresponding Works Cited Entry
Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford, 1967. Print.
Long Quotation – Example:
Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration:
They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and
I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping
it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his
voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting
his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to
confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of
the house. (Bronte 78)
Note that the period comes
before the citation in the
case of a long quotation.
Long Quotation with Unknown Author – Example:
We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has “more
readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study
environmental change . . .” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6).
Corresponding Works Cited Entry:
“The Impact of Global Warming in North America.” Global Warming: Early Signs. N.p. 1999.
Web. 23 Mar. 2009.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
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Authors with Same Last Names – Example:
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12),
others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
Work by Multiple Authors – Example:
Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76).
The authors state "Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights" (Smith,
Yang, and Moore 76).
Multiple Works by the Same Author – Example:
Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for small children ("Too Soon" 38), though
he has acknowledged elsewhere that early exposure to computer games does lead to better small
motor skill development in a child's second and third year ("Hand-Eye Development" 17).
Citing the Bible – Example:
Ezekiel saw "what seemed to be four living creatures," each with faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an
eagle (New Jerusalem Bible, Ezek. 1.5-10).
Multiple Citations – Example:
In so doing the country denies the rights of their youngest citizens (Burke; Kielburger).
Adding/Omitting Words – Example for Adding Words:
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: "some individuals [who retell urban
legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78).
Note: Your teacher dictates whether the name of an author already mentioned in
the sentence, should be provided again in parentheses. Be consistent in applying
the rule throughout your paper.
The MLA Guide found in your library contains more examples of how to build a
citation into your sentence.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 8
Shakespeare (and Poetry) – Examples
When quoting Shakespeare list the act.scene.line(s). Use ordinary numbers with periods (no
spaces) in between.
(Act 1, Scene 7, Lines 12-16)
(I, vii, 12-16)
(1,7,12-16)
√
(1.7.12-16)
Long Quotation

Quotations of four or more lines are handled as long quotations.

Be sure to reproduce the quotation exactly, including the length of the poetic lines, capital
letters, and punctuation
Schmidt 3
that Macbeth is, at first, reluctant to murder Duncan. He reminds
“When a verse
quotation begins in the
middle of a line, the
partial line should be
positioned where it is
in the original and not
shifted to the left
margin” (MLA 96).
himself:
He’s here in double trust:
First, as I am his kinsman and his subject,
Strong both against the deed: then, as his host,
There should be no
extra line spaces
before and after the
quotation. Double-linespace the quote as you
do the entire essay.
Who should against his murderer shut the door,
Not bear the knife myself. (1.7.12-16)
At first, Macbeth is very reluctant; it is only his “vaulting ambition” (1.7.27)
that causes him to go ahead with the deed. If ambition had not burned
Short Quotation

Quotations of one to three lines in Shakespeare and in poetry, are handled as short
quotations but a slash (/) is used to show the start of a new line.
Schmidt 3
Although Hamlet seems to be a man of action when he says “Haste
me to know’t, that I, with wings as swift / As mediation . . . / May sweep
to my revenge” (1.5.35-37), it quickly becomes obvious that he is
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
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WORKS CITED IN MLA STYLE
Fundamentals

“Although the list of works cited appears at the end of your paper, you need to draft the
section in advance, so that you will know what information to give in parenthetical references
as you write (MLA 129).” Begin this new document as soon as you begin taking notes from
your first source – as a working draft. Worry about formatting it properly later in your
process.

At the end of your research and writing process, you can format this document. It will be
added to the end of your assignment. If the text of your research paper ends on page 5, the
Works Cited list begins on page 6 (MLA 130).

The entries must be listed in alphabetical order, by the first letter of the first word, regardless
of whether that word is the author’s last name, or not.

The list is never numbered.
Technicalities of Generating each Source Entry














Each citation begins with the author’s last name if at all possible
If any information is unavailable (ex. author), proceed to the next detail without it
Begin each entry flush with the left margin; if an entry runs more than one line, indent the
subsequent line or lines one-half inch from the left margin (MLA 131).”
Double-line-space between the title and the first entry. Continue to double line space the
entire document.
Place in quotation marks the title of the particular part/section (article, chapter, image, etc.)
within the work that you used. Place a period inside the end quotation mark
In each entry the title of the work or website appears in italics
List only the place of publication which is geographically nearest to where you are
If your teacher is likely to recognize the city of publication, you don’t need to include the state
or province
You can shorten the name of a publisher, leaving off Ltd. or Publisher, for example
If multiple publication dates are given, the most recent copyright or update information should
be cited
*New* Identify in the entry the format of the source, i.e. Print. Web. Film. Television.
Photograph.
For a web source, the format is indicated before the date of access
You can single space or double space after punctuation in the entries. Most important, be
consistent with single or double spacing. Whichever spacing you use in your work, you
should use in the Works Cited
Your teacher has final say on all matters of format. If they would like you to provide the URL
for all websites, for example, do so at the end of the citation, enclosed in < > brackets
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From the moment you begin keeping notes, ALSO record the details of each source – on paper,
or in a computer document – on a page just for citation details or on your note making pages. Later
in the process, you can format each entry and the document as a whole, following the guidelines.
See examples of format for individual entries on pages 13-19
See the box below for how to format the page as a whole.
FINAL Formatting of your Works Cited or Works Consulted
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
‘Centre’ the title Works Cited or Works Consulted at the top of the document.
‘Highlight’ (or ‘select’) ALL text (left click and drag over content) – use ONE
consistent font style and size.
‘Copy’ and ‘Paste’ items to move them into alphabetical order.
Be sure that each new entry starts at the margin and second and subsequent
lines of text for each entry are indented by one ‘tab’.
Ensure that the document is uniformly double line spaced throughout.
University level: copy and paste your Works Cited to the end of your
assignment document, so that it contains the assignment’s header and sequential
page number(s).
Abbreviations for information you cannot supply in the citation
N.p. indicates no publisher
n.d. means no date of publication was given
N. pag. explains the absence of page references in the citation of a work.
(MLA Handbook)
Do I include the URL? If your teacher requests it, yes!
Add it to the end of your citation, with < > symbols surrounding it, and with the URL not underlined.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
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Works Cited in MLA Style – Sample of the Page
Doe 6
Works Cited
“Credible Sources Count.” Tutorial. Vaughn Memorial Library. Acadia
University, 2008. Web. 28 Jan. 2011.
Frost, Robert. “The Road Not Taken.” (1916). Representative Poetry Online.
Ed. Ian Lancashire. University of Toronto Libraries, 1994 - .
Web. 25 Jan. 2013
Howes, Kelly King. Harlem Renaissance. Ed. Christine Slovey. Detroit: UXL.
2001. Print.
Johnson, Lyn. “For Better or For Worse.” Comic Strip. The Toronto Star. 4
May 2002: 26. Torstar Corp. Print.
Montgomery, L.M. Anne of Green Gables. Prod. David Edwards et al. 1946.
Toronto: Ryerson Press, 2008. Project Gutenberg Canada. Web.
23 Jan. 2013.
Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Fall of the House of Usher.” Edgar Allan Poe’s
Annotated Short Stories. Ed. Andrew Barger. New York: Bottletree,
2008. 171-84. Print.
“Wikis in Plain English.” Video. Common Craft. Prod. Lee LeFever.
YouTube, 30 May 2007. Web. 24 Jan. 2013.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
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Works Cited in MLA Style – Examples of Entries
Book (as a whole) – Print
Generic format:
Generic
format:
Author (last
name, first). Title of book. Editor (if applicable). Place of publication: Publisher, Year
of publication. Format.
Author (last name, first). “Title of chapter or segment.” Title of work. Place of publication:
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text Citation
One author
Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone.
(Rowling 37)
Vancouver: Raincoast, 1997. Print.
Two or three
authors
Gavin, Mary L., Steven A. Dowshen, and Neil Izenberg. Fit Kids.
Toronto: Dorling Kindersley, 2004. Print.
(Gavin,
Dowshen and
Izenberg 88)
Four or more
authors
Volume in a series
Fu, Jia Fang, et al. Nanchang Sisters. Hamilton: Chisholm
Press, 2010. Print.
Kirkman, Robert and Tony Moore. The Walking Dead, Vol. 1: Days
Gone Bye. Berkeley, California: Image Comics, 2012. Print.
Editor, no author
(Fu et al. 16)
Reid, Mark, ed. 100 Days That Changed Canada. Toronto:
(Kirkman and
Moore 66)
(Reid 98)
HarperCollins Publishers. 2011. Print.
Author and editor
Howes, Kelly King. Harlem Renaissance. Ed. Christine Slovey.
(Howes xxiii)
Detroit: UXL. 2001. Print.
*Second or later
edition
*Author, translator,
and editor
Bible
Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. 1954. Boston: Faber, 1988.
(Golding 102)
Print.
De Cervantes, Miguel. Don Quixote. Trans. Ormsby. Ed. Joseph R.
Jones and Kenneth Douglas. New York: W. W. Norton, 1981.
The Jerusalem Bible. New York: Doubleday & Company, 1968.
Print.
(De Cervantes
56)
(Jerusalem
Bible, Ezekiel
3.2)
Corporate author
Milady. Milady’s Standard Cosmetology. Clifton Park, New
(Milady 46)
York: Thomson, 2004. Print.
Government
publication
Ontario Ministry of Education. Growing Success: Assessment,
(Ontario
Evaluation and Reporting in Ontario Schools. Toronto:
Ministry)
Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2010. Print.
*
Denotes a minor exception to the generic format shown at the top of the page
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 13
Part/Section in a Book – Print
Part/section = article, story, chapter, essay, poem, play, document, image, map, chart …
Generic format:
Author (last name, first). “Title of part/section.” Title of book. Editor (if applicable). Place of publication:
Publisher, Year of publication. Format.
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text Citation
*Signed part/section
Neilson, Keith. “Brave New World.” Masterplots Vol. 2. Ed. Frank
(Neilson 45)
in a multi-volume
N. Magill. Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Salem, 1976. Print.
set with an editor(s)
Signed part/section
in an
Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Fall of the House of Usher.” Edgar Allan
(Poe 171)
Poe’s Annotated Short Stories. Ed. Andrew Barger. New
anthology/collection
York: Bottletree, 2008. Print.
with an editor(s)
Unsigned
part/section in a
“Research.” Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the
English Language. New York: Gramercy Books. 1986. Print.
(“Research”
378)
book
Unsigned
part/section of a
book with a
Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops. “The Profession of the
(CCCB 51)
Christian Faith: The Creeds.” Catechism of the Catholic
Church. Ottawa: Publication Services CCCB, 1994. Print.
corporate author
Book/Work (as a whole) – Online
Generic format:
Author (last name, first). Title of book. Series title (if applicable). Editor/Producer/Transcriber (if applicable).
Date of original’s edition (if applicable). Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication. Database/
/provider’s name (if applicable). Format. Date of access. <URL (if required)>
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text Citation
eBook – non-
Montgomery, L.M. Anne of Green Gables. Prod. David Edwards et
(Montgomery)
subscription provider
al. 1946. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 2008. Project
Gutenberg Canada. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
eBook in a series –
subscription provider
Brown, Lois. Encyclopedia of the Harlem Literary Renaissance. Literary
(Brown 254)
Movements. New York: Facts On File, 2005. St. Augustine Library.
Web. 6 March 2013.
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Part/Section in an Encyclopedia, eBook, or Multi-volume Set – Online
Part/section = article, story, chapter, essay, poem, play, document, image, map, chart …
Generic format:
Author (last name first). “Title of part/section.” Title of original publication (if reprinted from an original source)
Volume issue (Date): Page(s). Title of secondary source used. Editor (if applicable). Place (if
reasonable): Publisher/organization, Year. Page(s) (if applicable). Database name (if applicable).
Subscriber/provider (if applicable). Format. Date of access (if online). <URL (if required)>
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text
Citation
Signed article –
Veatch, Richard. “League of Nations.” The Canadian Encyclopedia.
(Veatch)
encyclopedia online
Signed article - ebook
Historica-Dominion, 2011. St. Augustine Library. Web. 23 Jan. 2013.
Henke, Suzette A. "Maya Angelou’s Caged Bird as Trauma Narrative."
(Henke 244)
Critical Insights: I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Ed. Mildred R.
Mickle. Salem Press, 2009. Salem Literature. St. Augustine Library.
Web. 06 Mar. 2013.
Part/Section (from an original publication) *Reprinted – Print or Online
Part/section = article, story, chapter, essay, poem, play, document, image, map, chart …
Signed part/section
reprinted in an
anthology/collection
Callwood, June. “How Marilyn Bell Swam Lake Ontario.” Macleans
(Callwood 72)
(1954). Rpt. in Canada in the Fifties. Ed. Michael Benedict.
Toronto: Penguin Group, 2000. Print.
with an editor(s)
Unsigned
Freeman-Shaw, Elizabeth and Jan Haskings-Winner. “The Best Answer to
part/section
Race Persecution.” Cartoon. Christian Science Monitor (16 Nov.
reprinted in an
1938). Rpt. in Canadian Sources: Investigated 1914 to the Present.
anthology/collection
Toronto: Emond Montgomery, 2008. Print.
(FreemanShaw 187)
with an author(s)
Signed essay,
Lubet, Steven. “Reconstructing Atticus Finch.” Michigan Law Review 97
published in a
no. 6 (May 1999): 1339-62. Rpt. In “TKAMB by Harper Lee.”
journal, reprinted in
Contemporary Literary Criticism Vol. 194. Ed. Jeffrey W. Hunter.
a multi-volume set,
Detroit: Thompson Gale, 2005. 81-149. Literary Criticism Online.
provided online
Brampton Public Library. Web. 8 Feb. 2013.
*
(Lubet 120)
Denotes a minor exception to the generic format shown at the top of the page
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 15
Part/Section in a Periodical (magazine, newspaper, journal) – Print or Online
Part/section = article, story, chapter, essay, poem, play, document, image, cartoon, chart …
Generic format:
Author (last name first). “Title of part/section.” Title of newpaper/magazine/journal Volume issue Date:
Page(s). Publisher/organization (if found). Database name (if applicable). Subscriber/provider (if
applicable). Format. Date of access (if online). <URL (if required)>
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text Citation
Signed cartoon in a
Johnson, Lyn. “For Better or For Worse.” Comic Strip. The Toronto
(Johnson 26)
newspaper – print
Signed article in a
magazine or journal –
print
Star. 4 May 2002: 26. Torstar Corp. Print.
Beaupre, Pascale, Heather Dryburgh and Michael Wendt. “Making
(Beaupre 29)
fathers ‘count’.” Canadian Social Trends Winter No. 90
2010: 26-34. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. Print.
Signed article in a
magazine or journal –
Mitchell, Penni. “The Big guns.” Herizons Winter 2010: 5. Canada
(Mitchell 5)
in Context. St. Augustine Library. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
online database
Visual and Audio Media
Visual and audio media = picture, photograph, comic, map, composition, work of art, episode,
segment, audio/sound or video recording, film, scenes from a film …
Generic Format:
Name of main credit (if relevant). “Title of media.” Title credits (if useful). Original date (if
useful). Visual/audio media descriptor (if useful). Title of the program/publication/series/body of work.
Program credits (if useful). Name of the network/production company/distributor/provider (in
italics if it’s a database/archive), Date of broadcast/event/posting/update. Medium/format. Date
of access (if online). <URL (if useful)>
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text Citation
Signed image – web
MacKay, Graeme. “Beggar Bob Young.” MacKay Editorial
(MacKay)
Cartoons, 25 Jan. 2011. Web. 28 Jan. 2011
Unsigned image –
subscription database
“Old Quebec City.” Photo. Country Reports, 2011. St. Augustine
(“Old Quebec”)
Library. 25 Jan. 2013. Web.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 16
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text Citation
Original work of art
Gordon, Camille. “Anything is Possible.” Nov. 2009. Acrylic on
(Gordon)
– on exhibit
canvas. Images 2010. Living Arts Center Mississauga, May
2010. Exhibit.
Work of art – online
exhibit
Thomson, Tom. “Wood Interior, Winter.” 1916. Oil on wood panels.
(Thomson)
McMichael Canadian Art Collection, 2010. Online Exhibit. 8
June 2011.
Audio or video
recording – online
archive
Carrier, Roch. “The Hockey Sweater.” 1979. Radio Broadcast.
(Carrier)
Morningside. Host Peter Gzoski. The CBC Digital
Archives Website, 29 Dec. 2004. Digital Archive. 28 Jan.
2011.
Audio or video
recording – website
“Wikis in Plain English.” Video. Common Craft. Prod. Lee LeFever.
(“Wikis”)
YouTube, 30 May 2007. Web. 24 Jan. 2013.
or station
Sound recording –
CD
Brooks, Jon. “In Flanders Fields.” by John McRae. Song. Ours and
(Brooks)
the Shepherds. Prod. Pat Simmonds and Jon Brooks, 2007.
CD.
Musical
composition – print
Musical
Composition – web
Film - web
“The Prayer.” Comp. by Carole Bayer Sager and David Foster.
(“The Prayer”)
Music Score. Warner Bros. Publications, 1999. Print.
Mendelssohn, Felix. “Wedding March.” Freehand Systems. 2006.
(Mendelssohn)
Web.
Shadeism. Documentary Film. Dir. Nayani Thiyagarajah.
(Shadeism)
Vimeo. n.d. Web. 25 Nov. 2010
Film – cinema
Avatar. Dir. James Cameron. 20th Century Fox. 2009. Cinema.
(Avatar)
Film - DVD
Mouse. Dir. James Flaherty. The Dufferin Peel Catholic School
(Mouse)
Board and Peel Regional Police. 2008. DVD.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 17
Social/Interactive Media
Generic format:
Author (if listed) “Title of the entry or segment.” Part/section descriptor (if useful). Name of the source
(if applicable). Sponsor/web server/organization (if listed), Date of posting/event/interaction.
Format. Date of access (if logical). <URL (if useful)>
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text Citation
E-mail
Iwasiw, Tom. “FW: New GAP procedures re PEDs.” Email to all St.
(Iwasiw)
Augustine staff. DPCDSB. 28 Jan. 2011. Email.
Online tutorial,
conference, or
“Credible Sources Count.” Tutorial. Vaughn Memorial Library.
Acadia University, 2008. Web. 28 Jan. 2011.
(“Credible
Sources”
virtual seminar
Instructor’s notes
online
Holms, L. “Climate and weather note.” Class notes. Grade 9
(Holms)
Applied Geography. E.C. Drury High School, Milton, ON. n.d.
Web. 31 Jan. 2011.
Blog entry
KingofBooks. “Beware of Baggers.” Blog posting. Burning Through
(KingofBooks)
Books. The Book Club at St. Augustine, Brampton. 27 Jan.
2013. Web. 13 Feb. 2013.
Comment on a blog
entry
The Bodes. “Re: Beware of Baggers.” Reply to KingofBooks blog
(The Bodes)
posting. Burning Through Books. The Book Club at St.
Augustine, Brampton. 6 Feb. 2013. Web. 16 Jan. 2013
Wiki entry
“Hip Hop Music.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 29 Jan.
(“Hip Hop”)
2011. Web. 30 Jan 2011.
Twitter entry with
photo
Class notes
Hadfield, Chris. “Istanbul…” Twitter. 25 January 2013. Web.
(Hadfield)
25 January 2013. <pic.twitter.com/zMqYhtvl>
Brennan, Nial. “Bioethics.” Class Notes. Grade 11 Biology. St.
(Brennan)
Augustine S.S., Brampton. 25 April 2010. Print.
Personal or
telephone interview
Performance or live
presentation
adapted
Miller, David. “Re: the next mayor.” Personal Interview. 15
(Miller)
November 2010.
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Adaptation of the play by Robert Louis
Stevenson. St. Augustine Secondary School, Brampton. May
(Dr. Jekyll and
Mr. Hyde)
2010. Performance.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 18
Web Site
Generic format:
Author (last name first). Title of Website. Sponsor or publishing organization, Date of last update. Format.
Date Month Year of access. <URL (if useful or if required by instructor)>
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text Citation
Entire website with
Free the Children. Free the Children, 2010. Web. 20 Jan. 2011.
(Free the
Children)
organization as author
Part/Section within a Web Site
Part/section = article, story, chapter, essay, poem, play, document, image, cartoon, chart …
Generic format:
Author (last name first). “Title of part/section within the website.” Title of Website. Editor (if applicable).
Sponsor or publishing organization, Date of last update. Format. Date of access. <URL (if useful or if
required by instructor)>
Kind of Source
Works Cited Entry
In-text Citation
Signed movie review –
Ebert, Roger. “They walk the walk. The talk, not so much.”
(Ebert)
with named
Review of The Way Back. Dir. Peter Weir rogerebert.com.
sponsor/organization
Chicago Sun Times, 19 Jan. 2011. Web. 25 Jan. 2013.
Signed part/section –
Pressley, J.M. “Shakespeare’s Globe.” Shakespeare Resource
with no named
Centre. 15 January 2012. Web. 26 April 2010.
sponsor/organization
<http://www.bardweb.net/globe.html>
Unsigned part/section
– no named sponsor
“Prayer for our family #1.” Catholic Online, 2013. Web. 23 Jan.
(“Prayer”)
2013. <http://www.catholic.org/prayers/prayer.php?p=891>
Unsigned part/section
"Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
– publisher-managed
Disorder (ADHD)." Teen Health and Wellness. Rosen
website
(Pressley)
(Mitchell 5)
Publishing Group, Inc., 2013. St. Augustine Library. Web. 6 Mar.
2013.
*Signed poem – editormanaged website
Frost, Robert. “The Road Not Taken.” (1916). Representative Poetry
(Frost)
Online. Ed. Ian Lancashire. University of Toronto Libraries, 1994 - .
Web. 25 Jan. 2013.
*
Denotes a minor exception to the generic format shown above the chart
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 19
Works Cited Tutorial – Fill-in-the-Blank Entries – MLA Style
Instructions: Decide which fill-in-the-blank template best matches the source you are using. Fill in all of the
blanks you can, skipping any blanks for which you can’t find the information.
Part/section = article, story, chapter, essay, poem, play, document, image, map, chart ...
Part/Section in a Book – Print
*if you are citing the whole book, put a slash through “title of part/section.”
Author (last name, first). “Title of part/section.” Title of book. Editor (if applicable). Place of publication: Publisher,
Year of publication. Format.
__________________________. “ _________________________________.” ____________________________________.
“Title of part/section.”
Author.
Title of book (in italics).
________________. ______________________: __________________________, _____________. ___________.
Editor (if applicable).
Place of publication:
Publisher,
Year.
Format.
Part/Section in an Encyclopedia, eBook, or Multi-volume Set – Online
Author (last name first). “Title of part/section.” Title of secondary source used. Editor (if applicable). Place (if reasonable):
Publisher/organization, Year. Page(s) (if applicable). Database name (if applicable). Subscriber/provider (if
applicable). Format. Date of access. <URL (if required)>
____________________________. “___________________________.” ______________________________________.
“Title of part/section.”
Author.
Title of secondary source used (in italics).
_________________. ______________: ____________________,________. _______._____________________________.
Editor (if applicable).
Place (if reasonable): Publisher/organization,
Year.
Page(s).
____________________________. ___________. ____________. <
Subscriber/provider (if applicable).
Format.
Date of access.
Database name (if applicable).
>
<URL (if required)>
Part/section in a Periodical (magazine, newspaper, journal) – Print or Online
Author (last name first). “Title of part/section.” Title of newpaper/magazine/journal Volume issue Date: Page(s).
Publisher/organization (if found). Database name (if applicable). Subscriber/provider (if applicable). Format.
Date of access (if online). <URL (if required)>
____________________________. “____________________________________.”________________________________.
“Title of part/section.”
Author.
Title of newspaper/magazine/journal (in italics).
______________: _________. ________________________. _____________________________________.
Volume issue Date:
Page(s)
Publisher/organization (if found).
Database name (if applicable).
______________________________________. ___________. __________________. <
Subscriber/provider (if applicable).
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Format.
Date of access (if online).
>
<URL (if required)>
Page 20
Draw a slash through any blanks which seem irrelevant or which you cannot find information for
When you go to type each citation, use continuous left to right lines (don’t leave blanks)
Visual and Audio Media
Name of main credit (if relevant). “Title of media.” Title credits (if useful). Original Date (if useful). Descriptor of
media (if useful). Title of the program/publication/series/body of work. Program credits (if useful).
Name of the network/production company/distributor/provider/database/archive, Date of
broadcast/event/posting/update. Medium/format. Date of access (if online). <URL (if useful of required)>
_____________________________. “______________________________.” ________________________. ________________.
“Title of media.”
Main credit (if relevant)
Title credits (if useful).
Original date (if useful).
________________________. ____________________________________. _________________________.
Descriptor of media (if useful).
Title of the program/publication/series/body of work.
Program credits (if useful).
_________________________________, __________. ______________. _________________. <
Network/company/distributor/provider/database, Date.
Medium/format.
>
Date of access (if online). <URL (if useful or required)>
Social/Interactive Media
Author (if listed) “Title of the entry or segment.” Part/section descriptor (if useful). Name of the source (if applicable).
Sponsor/web server/organization (if listed), Date of posting/event/interaction. Format. Date of access (if logical).
<URL (if useful)>
______________________. “_______________________________________________.” ______________________.
“Title of the entry or segment.”
Author.
Part/section descriptor (if useful).
______________________________. _____________________________________________.
Name of the source (if applicable).
Sponsor/web server/organization (if listed),
_________________________. ____________. ________________. <
Date of posting/event/interaction
Format.
Part/Section within a Web Site
Date of access.
>
< URL (if useful or required) >
*if you are citing the whole website, put a slash through “title of part/section.”
Author (last name first). “Title of part/section within the website.” Title of website. Editor (if applicable). Sponsor or
publishing organization, Date of last update. Format. Day month year of access. <URL (if useful or required)>
________________________________. “_________________________________.” ______________________________.
“Title of part/section within the website.”
Author (last name first).
Title of website.
___________________________._______________________________, __________________. ___________.
Editor (if applicable).
Sponsor or publishing organization,
Date of last update.
Format.
___________________.< ____________________________________>
Day month year of access.
<
URL (if useful or if required)
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
>
Page 21
Make Notes Tutorial
Source in Print
________________________________________________ . “__________________________________________________.“
Author (last name first).
“Title of chapter or article.” (In quotation marks)
____________________________. ____________________. _________________________________ :
Title of book (in Italics).
Editor (if applicable).
Place of publication:
______________________________________________, _______________________.
Publisher,
Year.
‘Search’ terms:
Starting QUESTION(S):
Page(s)
Print.___
Format.
Record main facts and ideas in jot notes; place quotation marks around exact words
Record new QUESTIONS, thoughts, and next steps:
What makes this source credible and valuable?
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
What connections (or challenges) to other sources
come to mind?
Page 22
Make Notes Tutorial
Web Source
Part/Section within a Web Site
Author (last name first). “Title of part/section within the website.” Title of website. Editor (if applicable). Sponsor or
publishing organization, Date of last update. Format. Day month year of access. <URL (if useful or required)>
________________________________. “_________________________________.” ______________________________.
“Title of part/section within the website.”
Author (last name first).
Title of website.
___________________________._______________________________, __________________. _Web__.
Editor (if applicable).
Sponsor or publishing organization,
Date of last update.
Format.
___________________.< ____________________________________>
Day month year of access.
<
URL (if useful or if required)
>
‘Search’ terms:
Starting QUESTION(S):
Page(s)
Record main facts and ideas in jot notes; place quotation marks around exact words
Record new QUESTIONS, thoughts, and next steps:
What makes this source credible and valuable?
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
What connections (or challenges) to other sources
can you think of?
Page 23
Works Consulted
Assessment, Evaluation, and Reporting Policy Statements. Mississauga: Dufferin-Peel
Catholic District School Board, 2011. Print.
McGhie, Patti. St. Joan of Arc Assignment Guide. Mississauga: Dufferin-Peel Catholic
District School Board, 2012. Print.
Modern Language Association. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers 7th
Edition. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 2009. Print.
Ontario Ministry of Education. Growing Success: Assessment, Evaluation, and Reporting in
Ontario Schools First Edition. Toronto: Queen’s Printer, 2010. Print.
“OWL Online Writing Lab.” Purdue University. 2009. Web. 11 Sept. 2010.
Toronto District School Board. Research Success @ Your Library. Toronto: Toronto
District School Board, 2010. Print.
St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
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St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
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St. Augustine Catholic Secondary School
Page 26