Who “governs” the following:
Cross-border Internet
commerce
 Ocean floor
magnesium nodes
 Sea of Tranquility
 Microsoft’s copyright
Windows XP in China
 Mineral deposits in
Antarctica

Greenhouse gases emissions
 Geo-synchronous satellites
 International airline routes
 Dolphins killed in tuna nets

Tuna Fish
International “Soft Law”
Management Linkages
Country
A
No Policy
Trade/Investment Linkages
NGOs
Country
B
Regime
“...a
set of implicit or explicit
principles, rules, norms, and
decision-making procedures
around which actor expectations
converge in a given area of
international relations.” (Krasner, 1983)
Regimes and Behavior
 Persistent
patterns of behavior
 Set of governing arrangements for
behavior
 Institutions structuralize, legitimize,
enforce, administrate behavior
Characteristics of Regimes
 Scope:
range of business and economic
activity
 Purpose: objectives of the regime
 Organizational form: institutional form,
membership, secretariat, charter, etc.
 Decision and allocation modes: treaty,
membership voting, etc.
 Strength: effectiveness, enforcement,
monitoring, reporting, etc.
Common Regimes
Loose
Structured
Traffic:
Keep to right
Traffic Laws
Warfare:
Do not attack hospitals,
schools
Pitchers tip hat after
hitting batter
Gold “standard”, floating
rates
Geneva
Convention
MLB Rules
Baseball:
F/X:
Foreign Trade: Non-discrimination, free
trade
FDI:
Pay living wage,
Fixed rates,
Bretton Woods
MFN status,
WTO
??
Foundations for Regimes
 Self
interest
 Culture
 Power
 Sovereignty
 Interdependence
 Knowledge
 Crisis
Global/Comprehensive Regimes
 United
Nations
Functional Regimes:
Military - Security
 Nuclear
Nonproliferation Treaty
 NATO
 Geneva
Convention
 Warsaw Pact (defunct)
Regional/Associative Regimes
 European
 NAFTA
 ASEAN
 OECD
Union
Law of the Sea Negotiations
 Early:
– Outside territorial waters, anything goes
Piracy
Pollution
Over-fishing
Access
and shipping lines
Exploration and extraction of resources (oil,
manganese, etc.)
Law of the Sea Negotiations
 Post-1967:
– U.N. proclamation rendering international
waters as “a heritage of mankind …
transnational public good”
No
Piracy
Limits on Pollution
Fishing Agreements
Rules on access and shipping lines
Equity in natural resources (oil, manganese,
etc.)
Functional Regimes:
Environmental
 Montreal
Protocol for Greenhouse Gases
 Law of the Sea Treaty
 Moon Treaty
 Antarctica Treaty
 UN-based Consumer Protection Guidelines
Functional Regimes:
Economic
 Air
transport
 Ocean shipping
 Telecommunications
 GATT / WTO
 IMF
 Gold standard (defunct)
Future Regimes
 Internet
commerce?
 Animal rights?
 Human rights?
Non-Governmental Organizations
 Common
NGOs:
– International Olympic Committee
– Greenpeace
– United Auto Workers Union
– World Council of Churches
– Save the Dolphins Organization
– National Rifle Association
– Amnesty International