Chapter 11:
The Third
World
Thinking About The Third World
•
The Basics
• Poverty
• Environmental Threats
• Ethnicity and Conflict
• Globalization and Structural
Adjustment
Thinking About The Third World
•
Key Questions
– Why are global forces more influential
in the Third World?
– Why are Third World societies so
divided?
– Why are so many states in the Third
World so weak?
The Evolution of Politics
in the Third World
•
Imperialism and its Legacy
• Boundaries of imperial convenience
• Commercial agriculture
• Extractive industries
• Exported profits
• Indirect rule
The Evolution of Politics
in the Third World
•
Independence
•
Postcolonial Problems
Political Culture in the Third World
•
•
•
Identity
• patron-client linkages
• religious cleavages
• change and resistance
Ethnic and Other Division
Lack of Legitimacy
Political Participation in the Third World
• Less of a balance between supporting and
demanding participation
• “Top down” participation in single-party or
military governments
• Over-simplification to say they are cynical
manipulation of the masses by the elite.
• Patron-client relations
• Communal groups
• The role of nongovernmental organizations
Weak States
•
Types of States
• Democracies
• Single-Party Regimes
• Military Regimes
• Personal Dictatorships
• Failed States
Weak States
•
States and Power
• lack of public resources
• short-lived regimes
• corruption
Public Policy:
The Myths and Realities of
Development
•
•
•
•
•
Import Substitution
Structural Adjustment
International Financial Institutions
Foreign Aid
Microcredit
Feedback
• Relatively few have access to television due to
poverty
• About 1 in 3,000 has internet access
• Many third world countries do not have a free
press available; authoritarian regimes censor the
news
• Patron-client networks and other “traditional”
institutions provide critical feedback “services,”
reinforcing the patrons’ strength and their clients’
dependency.
• Mass media used to stimulate ethnic conflict
Democratization
•
•
•
•
•
Political socialization
Legitimacy
Fortune and misfortune
Capitalism
Globalization