DIP-700-001-- DYNAMICS OF DIPLOMACY -Fall 2008 Professor John D. Stempel Office: Patterson Ofc. Twr, Rm. 449 rm.) Telephone: 257-8261 E-mail: stempelj@email.uky.edu Web: www.uky.edu/~stempel Class Time: Tuesday 1-3:30, Classroom: POT 420 (Van Office Hours: Mon/Tues 911:30 AM, other times by appointment COURSE OVERVIEW -- Diplomacy, often called the second oldest profession, has been a significant form of interaction between sovereign entities since antiquity. It gradually became the primary form of international discourse after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, and evolved in its classical European state-centric form well into the 20th century. Post-World War II, Diplomacy assumed a somewhat different shape in the bipolar perspective of the Cold War. After 1989 however, Diplomacy again assumed new meanings and new forms, which lead some to call it vital, while others consider it outmoded and archaic--cf: the extreme American Primacy argument, post 9/11. This course will set out the dynamics of Diplomacy, place it in the contemporary world, and help you to begin practicing it. We begin by exploring the historical evolution of diplomacy, reviewing its origins then turning swiftly to the post-World War II period as diplomatic practitioners adjusted to a new world--rapid communication, faster transportation, bipolar political alliances and growing transnational activity. With the end of the Cold War, diplomatic activity surged--while countries simultaneously cut back their diplomatic establishments. We then analyze the evolving functions and organization of diplomacy, zeroing in on what diplomats actually DO, including practical skill-building exercises. From there, the course sketches the new functions and tasks undertaken by diplomats and others, concluding with an assessment of Diplomacy and diplomatic skills and what they mean for the current international system and nations in it. Students will be required to do independent probing on key analytical and policy questions and will 2 sharpen their oral and written skills, which are absolutely critical to diplomatic and other organizational careers anywhere. ATTENDANCE -- This is a seminar-style course, and participation will be counted. All credit-earning members of the class should be present for all sessions, especially ones at which they are presenting material (see below). Just as in business, government, or politics, occasionally a scheduled appointment must be missed. In case of such emergency, a phone call, e-mail, message, note or post-it on the door, or some other communication should precede an absence. You are responsible for obtaining notes and information on a session you miss from a classmate. EXAMINATIONS AND GRADING -- There will be one test and three practical exercises in this course. Graded activities will be performed regularly in class. The following activities will constitute the evaluation system: Percent of grade Seminar participation 10 Demarche 15 Memo of conversation 20 Midterm 25 Analytical briefing 20 There will be no final exam. per per per per per cent cent cent cent cent frequency every session once per semester once per semester October 30 once per semester Letter grades will be given for all exercises. However, the instructor reserves the right to factor in improvement over time in calculating the final grade. Late written work will be marked down 1/3 a grade a day (B+ to B). Work over four days late will not be accepted and an “F” grade assigned. Nonattendance at a scheduled presentation (without acceptable excuse) will be graded “F” REPRESENTATION -- Much of diplomacy requires understanding the attitudes, culture, and politics of another society. With this in mind, at the beginning of the course, each student will assume the role of a diplomat in a foreign embassy in Washington. The principal written 3 assignments: memcons, demarches, analytical briefings etc., will be made from the perspective of the country chosen. A list of countries having significant relations with the United States appears on the information handout each of you will receive. Please list first, second, and third choices. No duplicate assignments will be made; a student cannot choose his or her native country, otherwise, the choice is open. DEMARCHE -- Beginning September 16 at the start of each class, one or more of you (as necessary to complete the cycle), will act as the deputy chief of your country’s embassy. You will present to me, as U.S. Undersecretary of State for Political (or Economic) Affairs, an issue important to the country you represent. I will determine the order of presentation by Sept. 9, and an additional informational handout will be provided then. Your demarche should be 3-4 minutes. I will then question you and react to your presentation, as in life. MEMO OF CONVERSATION -- Once during the semester I, or someone else, will make a presentation or give a press conference, for which you will take notes and prepare a short memorandum of conversation, or “memcon” to be sent in telegraphic form to your home Foreign Ministry. More will be said about this later. ANALYTICAL BRIEFING -- Once during the semester, you will be given a week’s notice and provided with designated material on which to develop a one-to-two page paper analyzing the significance of the material for the next class. You will also, when directed, give a TENminute oral presentation in the class to share your insights with your fellow students, and direct discussion on the subject for an additional few minutes. You will be graded on both your paper and your handling of the discussion, the overall grade being a combination of the two. SUBJECTS OF STUDY -- A detailed topical syllabus follows. Students are expected to do the readings grouped under each seminar period BEFORE the seminar discussion session. Readings not in the assigned texts but listed below can be found in the holder marked with this course name in the Student Room, Patterson Office Tower Rm. 469. In addition, material has been placed on reserve for this course at the Young Library. Many of the articles may be found in the Library’s Full Text Data Base. The reserve list attached at the end of this syllabus is a 4 major research source for further study in this field. Additional materials will be handed out during the semester. You should also keep abreast of current diplomatic developments, especially in your country of representation and others significant to it by reading a good daily newspaper and a weekly news magazine. SOURCE/TEXTBOOKS --available at bookstores or on line G.R. Berridge, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, Palgrave, 2005, 3rd Ed. (referred to below as DIPLOMACY) Gordon Craig and Alexander George, Force and Statecraft: Diplomatic Challenges of our time. Oxford Univ. Press, 2006 (referred to below as FORCE) Charles W. Freeman, The Arts of Power: Statecraft and Diplomacy, U.S. Institute of Peace, (referred to below as ARTS. Harold H. Saunders, Politics is about relationships: A Blueprint for the Citizen’s Century, Palgrave/Macmillan, 2005 (referred to below as POLITICS) And, when available, John D. Stempel Common Sense and Foreign Policy. The Clark Group, 2008. You are also expected to read the international section of a good newspaper regularly, and take a student subscription to the Economist magazine—for student-rate subscriptions use my professor number 4333), or the Christian Science Monitor by mail either same day, or a day late, this combines the daily/weekly news in a unique fashion. SEMINAR TOPICS AND READINGS Sept. 2 Up from Classical Diplomacy ARTS, preface, intro and pp. 9-22 DIPLOMACY, intro, ch. 7 5 FORCE, intro, chs 1-3 POLITICS, Preface, introduction Sept. 9 Functions of Diplomacy in the International System ARTS, pp. 69-74 DIPLOMACY, chs 4,5 FORCE, chs 4-6 POLITICS, chs 1 and 2 Freeman Charles, America and the World: Magoo at the Helm (by email) Sept. 16 Organizing Diplomacy Holsti, K. J., “Diplomacy,” (handout & in box) DIPLOMACY, ch 1 FORCE, chs 6 &7 U.S. Department of State, short history (box in student room, or Encyclopedia of Foreign Affairs in Van room) Sept. 23 Communication, Negotiation & Representation--Verbal and Symbolic ARTS, pp. 105-140 DIPLOMACY, chs 2,3,6,11 FORCE, ch. 8 Langholz, Harvey J. “The Psychology of Diplomacy.” ch 1 (in box) Joseph Nye, Soft Power, (on reserve), chs 1, 2 POLITICS, ch. 3 Sept. 30 Information, Intelligence, & Public diplomacy ARTS, pp 23-44 Stempel, “Error, Folly and Policy Intelligence,” IJICI, vol. 12, no. 3 (in box), or Ch. 3 in Common Sense and Foreign Policy. Ada Bozeman, Comparative Intelligence Studies, ch. 6 (box) Stempel, Covert Action and Diplomacy, IJICI , vol. 20, No. 1 Oct. 7 Diplomacy and Power: Strategic Action 6 ARTS, pp. 45-52 FORCE, ch 9 & 12 POLITICS, ch. 4 & 5 ODOM, chs 2 and conclusion (box) Stempel, Common Sense…ch. 2 Oct. 14 Force and Diplomacy ARTS, pp 53-68 FORCE, ch 10,11 and conclusion Joes, Anthony, Resisting Rebellion, prologue & chs 1, 2 (on reserve) Stempel, Common Sense… ch. 5 Oct. 21 Bureaucracy and Diplomacy DIPLOMACY, chs 8-10 Sharp, Paul “The Idea of Diplomatic Culture and its Sources,” paper (handout) Irving Janis, Groupthink, pp. 1-47, on reserve, (also in box) POLITICS, Ch. 6 (applicability to the Middle East?) “Cuts urged in Political Ambassadors” (by email) Stempel, Common Sense…. ch. 7. Oct. 28 Political and Economic reporting and Influence ARTS, pp 45-52 FORCE, ch 6, (review) MULTI, ch. 3 Stempel, Inside the Iranian Revolution, ch. 14 (box) Nov. 4 MIDTERM ******************************************************************* MIDTERM EXAM DURING THIS PERIOD ******************************************************************** 7 Nov. 11 Multilateral Diplomacy, Aid, and Sub-national Actors Muldoon, Multilateral Diplomacy. Chs 2, 4-In Box) FORCE, ch 4 (review) State Action in a Global Framework, Dag Ryen (box) POLITICS, ch. 7 Nov. 18 Negotiation and Conflict Resolution in Diplomacy ARTS, review pp 69-104 DIPLOMACY, chs 2, 3 Stempel, Common Sense… ch. 4 OPTIONAL: Putnam, Robert, “Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The logic of two-level games,” International Organization, Summer 1998 (box). Nov. 25 Crisis Management and the World Community DIPLOMACY, ch 6 FORCE, review ch 11 POLITICS, Ch. 10 Der Derian, James, Antidiplomacy, preface & ch. 1.8, Reserve), Stempel, Common Sense…. ch. 1. Dec. 2 Broader Views of Diplomacy DIPLOMACY, conclusion, pp 214-219 FORCE, ch 20, epilogue Hendrikson, Alan K. ”The Future of Diplomacy? Five Prospective Visions. POLITICS, ch. 9. Dec. 9 Whither the World and Diplomacy? Stempel, Common Sense…. Ch. 8 Practice of Diplomacy readings (handout) Allan Hendrikson, “Recrafting the Old Guild,” paper (In box) 8 Note: The Reserve Readings list is attached as the last two pages to this syllabus as well as the following list of useful Internet sites for you to begin building your own collection. Diplomacy: useful Internet reference sites Council of Foreign Relations (New York) http://www.cfr.org/thesource/ Foreign Affairs Literature http://www.foreignaffairs.org/envoy/ U.S. Institute of Peace Highlights http://www.usip.org/ Virtual Diplomacy Fact Sheet http://198.5.6.201/oc/virtual_dipl.html Peace and security integrated Internet guide http://www.cfcsc.dnd.ca/links/ U.S. Dept of State Home page http://www.state.gov/ The Electronic Embassy http://www.embassy.org/ Middle East Institute http://www.mideasti.org/ National Security Website http://www.nationalsecurity.org/ Defense Link http://www.dtic.mil/defenselink/ Economic Growth Data http://www.worldbank.org/html/prdmg/grthweb/datasets.htm 9 Business demographics http://www.unc.edu/courses/kenan/App_Dem/index.htm International Studies Assn Site http://www.isanet.org/ American Diplomacy http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/ Center for International Science and Technology Policy http://www.gwu.edu/~cistp/ Center for Science and International Affairs http://ksgweb.harvard.edu/csia/ Defense Science & Technology http://www.dtic.mil/dstp/ Institute for Biotechnology Information http://www.biotechinfo.com/ National Defense University http://www.ndu.edu/ Science, Technology and Public Policy http://ksgweb.harvard.edu/iip/stpp.html The NASA Homepage http://www.nasa.gov/ Israeli intelligence Briefings http://www.debka.com/