The Beginnings of the Cold War
I. Europe 1945 - 1956
A. From Allies to _______________
1. Soviet refusal to hold _________________________ in Poland and east Europe
2. Churchill’s “___________________________” speech: “. . . From Stettin in the Baltic
to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. . . “
3. Great Britain relinquishes control – Feb 4, 1947, tells the U.S. that they can no longer
afford to give economic aid to ________________________
4. The __________________Doctrine – “. . . it shall be the policy of the United States to
support ________________________ who are resisting attempted subjugation (conquest)
by _______________________________ or by outside pressures.” $400,000,000 in
economic and military aid.
5. The ______________________________ - offered U.S. aid to all European nations
that would remove __________________________ and cooperate economically with one
another. _______________________________ given out in 5 yrs
B. Forming Alliances
1. Germany becomes permanently _________________ in 1948, Soviets blockade the
main road into Berlin
2. Berlin ________________ - Allies decide to keep western half of Berlin supplied by
air, 327 days,_____________ flights, 2,500,000 tons of goods
3. Formation of _____________________________________ of Germany
4. _______________ formed – when Soviets invade Czechoslovakia, rest of Europe
feared further ____________________________
5. Soviets counter with __________________________________
6. Russians get _______________________________, Truman tells public
C. Stalin dies in __________, people hoped things would change
1. Hungarian revolt – 1956 – loosening of ___________________-dominated policies
2. Soviet response – quick and devastating, Soviets sent in their ____________
___________ to crush the revolt
3. Lack of U.S. or _________ Response – Security Council could do nothing because of
the Soviet Union’s ___________.
II. Asia
A. China
1. Jiang Jishi – president of China since __________
2. Mao Zedong – leader of Chinese ___________________________ fought against the
Kuomingtang (KMT), forced to take the ___________________
300,000 people started it, only _______________ finished it
3. Compromise to fight the ____________________ during _____________, but Mao’s
supporters accused Jiang of giving the Chinese Communists the _________________
________________________ parts of the fighting.
4. U.S. Aid during WWII - $3,500,000,000 to China, around $750,000,000 estimated to
stay with ____________ and his friends
5. Civil war resumes
6. Communist victory – May, 1949 Jiang and the KMT retreat to island of
________________ and continue as Nationalist China
7. Coupled with news of atomic bomb by Soviet Union, this shocked many in the U.S.
and began a new __________________ spearheaded by Senator Joseph McCarthy of
Wisconsin.
B. Korea
1. Divided at the _________ at the end of World War II, Soviets in North, U.S. in South
2. Kim Il Sung
3. Syngman Rhee
4. Surprise invasion on June 25, ___________
5. Truman’s response: If does nothing, it looks like _________________ all over again.
a. The 3 Cs ______________________, Commitments, & _________________
6. UN Security Council – U.S., Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, ____________
7. Initial surge by ____________________, ending with the _____________ Perimeter
8. UN, ROK, and U.S. troops, with Gen. ___________________________ in overall
command (_________% ROK, __________% US, __________% UN troops),
officially was not a war declared by Congress, but a “_________________________”
9. Inchon invasion, push to the _____________________
10. Once UN troops approach the pre-war border, questions raised about _____________
the whole country under UN oversight of free elections.
11. Chinese suddenly begin showing up Nov, 1951, over ________________ troops
behind and among UN troops
12. Truman vs _____________________________ April, 1951
13. Stalemate, Peace negotiations (Stalin dies March 5, 1953)
a. 38th Parallel
b. Prisoners of War – “_______________________”
11. Implications a. U.S. and UN would use force to _________________ communism
c. No more ____________________ of the Security Council