Unit 2
Chemistry
Test Review
What is Matter?
Anything that has _______ and _________.
What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and volume.
What is the smallest unit
of matter?
Hint: not a Chihuahua!
What is the smallest unit of matter?
An Atom!
What is an
?
Hint: It’s not the skateboarding company!
An element is “pure stuff”.
It is only one kind of atom in
matter such as pure gold (Au)
Other Examples:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
What are atoms made up of?
What are their charges?
?
What are atoms made up of?
What are their charges?
What makes up the Atomic Mass
of the atom?
(Larger Number)
What makes up the Atomic Mass
of the atom?
Protons
+
Neutrons
What does the Atomic Number
represent in an atom?
What does the Atomic Number
represent in an atom?
# of Protons
Also tells how many
electrons are present
Remember:
Ion “I” am greedy!
“I” give or take electrons but do not share!
OK, now you know what an
ion is, so what is an
Ionic Bond?
“I”onic Bond: When electrons are
gained or lost (NO SHARING) between
atoms to make a compound.
Hint: “I” am greedy! “I” give or take electrons
but do not share!
What is a covalent bond?
Hint:
Co-captains
share their
position
Atom
Atom
Covalent bond: When two atoms
share electrons to create a
compound.
What are Isotopes?
Isotopes are same element with
different numbers of NEUTRONS!
OK…Isotopes are the same
element with different numbers
of neutrons.
How can I remember that?
I so hope
(sounds like Isotope)
Jimmy Neutron
doesn’t push the
wrong button!
Silly, but you’ll remember
it!
Define: Compound
Compound
2 or more elements
combined chemically
Chemical and Physical
What type of changes in
matter would be
considered to be
physical?
What type of changes in
matter would
be considered to be
chemical?
What does a pH scale indicate (do not say the pH
number). It is the concentration of ___?___ in a
solution.
What does a pH scale indicate? (do not say the pH
number). It is the concentration of
Hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.
H+
=
OH-
What is a Buffer?
Don’t have a clue?
Hint: We have been
dealing with pH, so it
probably has something
to do with
that.
Buffer
What? It is a weak acid or
base
Does? That reacts with
strong acid or base
Why? to bring the pH
back to neutral
(Homeostasis)
What is a mixture?
What are the 2 types of mixtures that
we talked about?
What is a mixture?
When two things are mixed together
PHYSICALLY
but can be separated
What are the 2 types of mixtures that
we talked about?
SOLUTION = even mixing (salt water)
SUSPENSION = won’t stay mixed
(Italian dressing)
Define & Give and Example:
•Solute
•Solvent
•Solution
Solute:
What is dissolved
by the solvent Ex: SALT
Solvent : What does the
dissolving
Ex: WATER
Solution:
When a solute is
dissolved in a solvent
Ex: Salt + Water
What is the name
for a type of
mixture that there
is NO DISSOLVING
taking place?
Suspension:
No Dissolving
Sand + Water
Oil + Vinegar
What is COHESION?
What is ADHESION?
What is COHESION?
Same molecules sticking
together
Water + Water
What is ADHESION?
Different molecules
sticking together
Water + Glass
What is the weak bond called that
forms between the polar molecules
of water?
What is the weak bond called that forms
between the polar molecules of water?
HYDROGEN
BONDS
What is polarity?
H
H
(+)
(+)
O
(-)
See a resemblance?
Polarity: Unequal sharing of
electrons
causing (+) on one side and (-) on the
other
H
H
(+)
(+)
O
(-)
See a resemblance?
MACROMOLECULES
“__________________” removes water
(H2O) when putting monomers
together to make polymers.
“DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS” removes
water (H2O) when combining monomers to
make polymers.
•Name the 4 types of
macromolecules?
•They are all organic
compounds because
they contain what?
•Name the 4 types of
macromolecules?
 Carbohydrates
 Lipids
 Proteins
 Nucleic Acids
•They are all organic
compounds because
they contain what?
 CARBON
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy – Quick
Carbohydrates
C,
H, O
What
elements are
Carbon,
in
Hydrogen,
carbohydrates
Oxygen
?
Examples
Plants = Starch
Animals =
Glycogen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Structure and
support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell
walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy – Quick
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Examples
Plants = Starch
Animals =
Glycogen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Structure and
support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell
walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy – Quick
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Examples
Plants = Starch
Animals =
Glycogen
Monosaccharide
(sugar:
WhatC₆H₁₂O₆)
is the
monomer for
Carbohydrates? Structure and
support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell
walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy – Quick
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Examples
Plants = Starch
Animals =
Glycogen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Glucose
Structure and
support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell
walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy – Quick
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Examples
Plants = Starch
Animals =
Glycogen
What are
the two
Structure and
functions?
support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell
walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy – Quick
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Examples
Plants = Starch
Animals =
Glycogen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Structure &
Support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell
walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy – Quick
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Structure &
Support
Examples
What are
animal
and
Plants
= Starch
plant
examples
Animals
=
of stored
Glycogen
energy?
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell
walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy – Quick
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Examples
Plants = Starch
Animals =
Glycogen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Structure &
Support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell
walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy – Quick
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Examples
Plants = Starch
Animals =
Glycogen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Structure &
Support
Plants
= Cellulose
What
are
(fiber
in cell of
examples
walls)
plant and
animal
structure
or
Animals
= Chitin
support?
(exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy – Quick
Carbohydrates
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Examples
Plants = Starch
Animals =
Glycogen
Monosaccharide
(sugar: C₆H₁₂O₆)
Structure &
Support
Plants = Cellulose
(fiber in cell
walls)
Animals = Chitin
(exoskeletons)
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy
Storage
Long term
Lipids
(Fats, Oils,
Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon,
What
the
Hydrogen,are
elements
Oxygen
for
lipids?
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with
fatty acid chains
attached
Examples
Fats & Blubber
Phospholipids
Cell
Membranes
Hormones
Chemical Signals
Waxes
Repel Water
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy
Storage
Long term
Lipids
(Fats, Oils,
Waxes)
C, H, O
Mostly Carbon &
Hydrogen,
some Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with
fatty acid chains
attached
Examples
Fats & Blubber
Phospholipids
Cell
Membranes
Hormones
Chemical Signals
Waxes
Repel Water
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy
Storage
Long term
Lipids
(Fats, Oils,
Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Fatty Acids
What are the
Glycerol
with
monomers
fatty
chains
foracid
lipids?
Examples
Fats & Blubber
Phospholipids
Cell
Membranes
attached
Hormones
Chemical Signals
Waxes
Repel Water
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Fatty Acids
Lipids
(Fats, Oils,
Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Glycerol with
fatty acid chains
attached
Functions
Energy
Storage
Long term
Examples
Fats & Blubber
Phospholipids
Cell
Membranes
Hormones
Chemical Signals
Waxes
Repel Water
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy
Storage
Long term
Lipids
(Fats, Oils,
Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with
fatty acid chains
attached
Examples
Fats & Blubber
Phospholipids
Cell
What
are the
Membranes
4 functions
of lipids?
Hormones
Chemical Signals
Waxes
Repel Water
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy
Storage
Long term
Lipids
(Fats, Oils,
Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with
fatty acid chains
attached
Examples
Fats & Blubber
Phospholipids
Cell
Membranes
Hormones
Chemical Signals
Waxes
Repel Water
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy
Storage
Long term
Lipids
(Fats, Oils,
Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with
fatty acid chains
attached
Examples
Fats & Blubber
Phospholipids
Cell
Membranes
Give
examples of
Hormones
each function
Chemical Signals
Waxes
Repel Water
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Energy
Storage
Long term
Lipids
(Fats, Oils,
Waxes)
C, H, O
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen
Examples
Fats & Blubber
Fatty Acids
Glycerol with
fatty acid chains
attached
Cell
Membranes
Phospholipids
Chemical Signals Hormones
Repel Water
Waxes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
C, H, O, N
Proteins
What are the
Carbon,for
elements
proteins?
Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids
Functions
Examples
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates
Reactions
Enzymes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
C, H, O, N
Proteins
Amino Acids
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Functions
Examples
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates
Reactions
Enzymes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
C, H, O, N
Proteins
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Aminoare
Acids
What
the
monomers of
protein?
Functions
Examples
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates
Reactions
Enzymes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
C, H, O, N
Proteins
Amino Acids
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Functions
Examples
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates
Reactions
Enzymes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
C, H, O, N
Proteins
Amino Acids
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Functions
Examples
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical
What areSignals
the
Hormones
6 functions of
Fight Infections
Proteins?
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates
Reactions
Enzymes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
C, H, O, N
Proteins
Amino Acids
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Functions
Examples
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates
Reactions
Enzymes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
C, H, O, N
Proteins
Amino Acids
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Functions
Examples
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Fight Infections
What are
examples of
each
Antibodies
function?
Hormones
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates
Reactions
Enzymes
Type of Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
C, H, O, N
Proteins
Amino Acids
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen
Functions
Examples
Movement
Muscles
Absorb Light
Pigments
Chemical Signals
Hormones
Fight Infections
Antibodies
Carries Oxygen
Hemoglobin
Regulates
Reactions
Enzymes
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Examples
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis
(making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
C, H, O, N, P
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
What
are the
Carbon,
elements
for
Hydrogen,
Nucleic
Oxygen,
Acids?
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Examples
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis
(making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
C, H, O, N, P
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen,
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
Functions
Examples
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis
(making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
C, H, O, N, P
Nucleic Acids
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen,
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Nucleotides
What are the
monomers
for Nucleic
Acids?
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
C, H, O, N, P
Nucleic Acids
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen,
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Functions
Examples
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis
(making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
Nucleotides
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
C, H, O, N, P
Nucleic Acids
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen,
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Functions
Genetic Info
Examples
DNA
Nucleotides
What are the
Protein
functions 3 of
Synthesis
Nucleic
(making)
Acids?
Energy
RNA
ATP
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
C, H, O, N, P
Nucleic Acids
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen,
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Functions
Examples
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis
(making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
Nucleotides
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
C, H, O, N, P
Nucleic Acids
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen,
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Functions
Genetic Info
Examples
DNA
Nucleotides
Protein
Synthesis
(making)
Energy
What are
RNA of
examples
the
functions?
ATP
Type of
Molecule
Elements
Monomer
(Basic building
block)
C, H, O, N, P
Nucleic Acids
Carbon,
Hydrogen,
Oxygen,
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Functions
Examples
Genetic Info
DNA
Protein
Synthesis
(making)
RNA
Energy
ATP
Nucleotides
Which macromolecule
creates pigments for our
skin, hair, eyes,
hemoglobin (carry oxygen),
antibodies to fight
infection, and muscles
(movement) for our
bodies?
Which macromolecule creates
pigments for our skin, hair, eyes,
hemoglobin (carry oxygen),
antibodies to fight infection,
and muscles (movement) for
our bodies?
PROTEINS
What are Enzymes?
?
What are Enzymes?
Proteins that
speed up
chemical
reactions in
our bodies.
Enzymes are catalysts in the body
that help _____________________.
Name the 3 parts
Enzymes are catalysts in the body that
help speed up chemical reactions.
Must know the 3 parts
Lock & Key
What 2 things affect enzymes ability
to do their job?
What 2 things affect enzymes ability
to do their job?
Temperature & pH
Chemical Reactions
What are the reactants and products of this
reaction?
A+B→C
Chemical Reactions
What are the reactants and products of this
reaction?
Reactants
A+B→C
Products
What is Activation Energy?
What is Activation Energy?
Energy needed to get a reaction
started
What is the difference between
Exergonic and Endergonic
reactions?
Activation Energy (energy needed to get
a reaction started)
Energy
Absorbed
Energy
Released
Energy released during a chemical
reaction is in the form of………
__________, ___________, and ___________
Energy released during a chemical
reaction is in the form of………
Heat, Light, Sound
What is the difference between reaction A & B?
A
B
What is the difference between reaction A & B?
A
B