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Chapter 22 Class Notes BSC 2086 Fall 2010
Respiration involves what 2 systems?
(Slide 3) Please describe the 4 processes of Respiration:
What are the major organs of Respiration?
(Slide 6) Please describe the 2 major zones of Respiration:
What are the 5 functions of the Nose?
(Slide 8) What are 7 features of the external nose?
(Slides 11 & 12) What are 8 features of the nasal cavity?
(Slides 15 & 16) What are major functions of nasal conchae?
_________________________________________ lighten the skull and help to warm and moisten the air.
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The pharynx connects what 4 structures?
(Slide 20) In the Nasopharynx, the _________________________ and __________________________
close nasopharynx during swallowing, the _________________________________________ (adenoids)
are located on the posterior wall, and the ___________________________________________ (auditory)
tubes open into the lateral walls.
(Slide 21) In the Oropharynx, the ___________________________________________ is the opening to
the oral cavity, and the _________________________________ are located in the lateral walls of fauces.
The ________________________________________________ is a passageway for food and air.
What are 3 functions of the Larynx?
Describe the epiglottis:
The ___________________________________ form core of vocal folds (= true vocal cords); the opening
between them is the ____________________, and the folds vibrate to produce _____________________
as air rushes up from the lungs.
(Slide 29) Do the vestibular folds produce sound?
(Slide 31) Speech is the ________________________________________________while opening and
closing the ___________________.
Pitch is determined by the ____________________________ of
the vocal cords. Loudness depends upon the _____________________________________. Sound is
“shaped” into ______________________________ by muscles of the pharynx, tongue, soft palate, and
lips.
How is Valsalva’s maneuver useful?
(Slide 33) What are the 3 layers of the Trachea?
____________________________ is the last tracheal cartilage.
The branching pattern of the bronchi is called the ___________________________________.
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(Slides 38 & 39) What are the Conducting Zone structures?
(Slide 42) Describe the structures of the Respiratory Zone:
300 million ______________________________ account for most of the lungs’ volume and are the main
site for ________________________________.
(Slide 45) The ___________________________________has an ~0.5-m (micron) thick air-blood
barrier, and consists of __________________________ and ___________________________ walls and
their fused basement membranes. The alveolar walls are a single layer of
_______________________________________ (______________ cells). The respiratory membrane has
scattered ____________________________________ that secrete surfactant and antimicrobial proteins.
The right lung and left lung have how many lobes?
Pulmonary arteries deliver ________________________________ blood to the __________________.
Pulmonary veins carry ______________________________ blood from respiratory zones to the
____________________________.
Bronchial arteries provide ______________________________ blood to the ______________________,
and supply all _______________________________ except the alveoli. Bronchial veins anastomose
with _____________________________________ which carry venous blood back to the
________________________.
What are the 2 phases of pulmonary ventilation?
(Slide 79) Airway resistance rises in response to ____________________________________________
and breathing become more strenuous. Severely constricting or obstruction of bronchioles can prevent
life-sustaining ventilation, and can occur during __________________________ and stop ventilation.
_________________________________ dilates bronchioles and reduces air resistance.
(Slide 81) ________________________________ is a detergent-like lipid and protein complex produced
by _________________________ alveolar cells, that _________________________________________
of alveolar fluid and discourages alveolar collapse. Insufficient quantity in _____________________
infants causes _______________________________________________________.
(Slide 82) What is Lung Compliance?
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